Kutetezera Nyama Kulimbana ndi Kuzisolotsa

NKHONDO pakati pa kutetezera nyama ndi kuzisolotsa ikupitirizabe. Magulu ambiri othandiza akukakamiza maboma kupanga malamulo okhwimirapo otetezera nyama zokhala pangozi.

Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa magulu osiyanasiyana anakumana ndi akulu a boma la China pofuna kuletsa kutchera misampha zimbalangondo zakuda za ku Asia, ndipo iwo anamva. Nyama zimenezi zinali kugwidwa chifukwa cha ndulu ndi nyongo zake, zimene amagwiritsira ntchito m’mankhwala achimunthu Kummaŵa.

Chithandizo cha Maiko Onse

Kutetezera nyama m’dziko lina koma nkumaisaka kwina kufikira itazimiririka sikungathandize kuitetezera. Chotero, mapangano a maiko onse akhala apanthaŵi yake—ndipo alipo ambiri. Pangano la Convention on Biological Diversity, la Rio Treaty, linayamba kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa 1993, lotsatiridwa mwamsanga ndi pangano la Agreement on the Conservation of Bats la ku Ulaya. International Whaling Commission inawonjezera malo otetezereka a anamgumi a Southern Ocean kwa aja a Indian Ocean poyesa kutetezera anamgumi aakulu ndi amtundu wa minke. Koma mwinamwake pangano lamphamvu koposa ndi la Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.—Onani bokosi.

Munthu adakali nzambiri zophunzira ponena za kugwirizana kwa zolengedwa, china ndi chinzake. Asodzi a ku East Africa amene anabweretsa nsomba ya mu Nile yotchedwa perch mu nyanja ya Victoria kuti awonjezere chakudya anayambitsa chimene katswiri wa zamoyo Colin Tudge anatcha “tsoka lalikulu koposa la zamoyo m’zaka za zana lino.” Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya mitundu 300 ya nsomba za m’nyanjayo zinazimiririka. Ngakhale kuti umboni waposachedwa ukusonyeza kuti kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndiko kwawononga kuchirikizana kwa mitundu ya zamoyo, maboma a maiko atatu ozinga nyanjayo tsopano akhazikitsa gulu losankha mitundu ya nsomba imene angabweretseremo popanda kuika pangozi nsomba za mmenemo.

Kuchitapo Kanthu kwa Munthu

Mbali ina imene yakhala ya chipambano chachikulu ndiyo programu yobalitsa nyama zogwidwa imene amasamalira kumalo osungira nyama. “Ngati malo onse osungira nyama padziko angachirikize kubalitsa nyama zogwidwa, ndipo ngati anthu onse angachirikize malo osungira nyama, ndiye kuti mogwirizana angapulumutse mitundu ya nyama za msana zimene mwina zidzafunikira kubalitsidwa zitagwidwa mtsogolomu.”—Last Animals at the Zoo.

Malo osungira nyama pachisumbu chaching’ono cha Britain cha Jersey amabalitsa nyama zosapezekapezeka ndi cholinga chakuti azibwezere kuthengo. Mu 1975, zinkhwe za ku St. Lucian 100 zokha ndizo zinatsala m’mudzi wawo wa ku Caribbean umenewo. Mbalame zisanu ndi ziŵiri mwa zimenezi zinatumizidwa ku Jersey. Podzafika 1989 malo osungira nyamawo anali atabalitsa zina 14 ndipo anali atabwezera zina za zimenezi ku St. Lucia. Tsopano, malinga ndi malipoti, kuchisumbucho kumapezeka zinkhwe zoposa 300.

Kwinanso maprogramu onga ameneŵa akhala achipambano. National Geographic ikuti mimbulu yofiira 17 yotsala ku North America inaswana bwino kwambiri itagwidwa kwakuti tsopano yoposa 60 yabwezeredwa kuthengo.

Chipambano Chonkitsa?

Sikuti nthaŵi zonse nyama zokhala kale pachiswe zili kwenikweni pangozi ya kusoloka. Malinga ndi kunena kwa buku la Endangered Species—Elephants, pakati pa 1979 ndi 1989, chiŵerengero cha njovu za m’Afirika chinatsika kuchoka pa 1,300,000 kufika pa 609,000—zina zinaphedwa chifukwa cha minyanga. Ndiyeno anthu anakakamiza kwambiri maboma kuletsa malonda a minyanga. Komabe, otsutsa chiletso cha minyanga anadandaula kwambiri. Chifukwa?

Ku Zimbabwe ndi ku South Africa komwe, malamulo otetezera nyama anakhala achipambano kwambiri kwakuti mapaki awo anakhala ndi njovu zochuluka kwambiri. New Scientist inanena kuti Zimbabwe anafunikira kuchotsa njovu 5,000 mu National Park ya Hwange. Magulu ochirikiza kutetezera nyama anati zinayenera kusamutsidwira kwina. Oyang’anira mapaki anaika njovu zosafunikirazo paselo nanena kuti mabungwe Akumadzulo otsutsa kuzipha “apereke ndalama zozisamutsira kwina m’malo mongolankhula chabe.”

Ziyembekezo Zokayikitsa

Ngakhale zili choncho, pamakhala kulephera. Ambiri amada nkhaŵa ndi nyama zobwezeredwanso kuthengo. Njuzi ya ku Siberia imakhala bwino m’malo osungira, koma m’thengo imafunikira nkhalango ya makilomita pafupifupi 260 mbali zonse zinayi, yopanda akupha nyama popanda lamulo. Ndiponso, “mutabwezera njuzi yokulira m’malo osungira nyama kumalo ake,” ikutero The Independent on Sunday, “idzatsala pang’ono kufa ndi njala.” Chimenechotu si chiyembekezo chabwino ayi!

Kunena zoona, si mtundu uliwonse wa nyama umene uli ndi anthu odziŵa kuzithandiza. Ndipo sikusoŵa chabe kwa antchito kumene kumakulitsa vutolo. Ngakhale kuti otetezera nyama angakhale odzipereka motani, kodi pali chiyembekezo chakuti adzapambana poyang’anizana ndi kusaona mtima kwa akulu a boma, umbombo, ndi mphwayi limodzinso ndi nkhondo ngakhalenso ngozi ya imfa? Nangano pamenepa, kodi mankhwala a vuto la nyama zokhala pangozi nchiyani? Ndipo kodi inu mukuphatikizidwa motani?

[Bokosi patsamba 23]

Chida cha Maiko Onse

Pangano la Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species lili chida champhamvu pankhondo yolimbana ndi malonda osaloledwa a nyama zokhala pangozi. Zikopa za nyalugwe, minyanga ya njovu, mafupa a njuzi, nyanga za chipembere, ndi nkhasi zili zina za zinthu zoletsedwa. Pangano limeneli limaphatikizapo ndi mitengo ndi nsomba zokhala pangozi.

Komabe, Time inachenjeza kuti: “Ngati maiko omwe ali mamembala ake sapeza njira yotsimikizirira kuti malamulo akutsatiridwa, . . . angapeze kuti nyama zimene akuyesa kutetezera kulibenso.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

Kodi zoyesayesa za otetezera nyama zakhala zachipambano?

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Mwa Chilolezo cha Clive Kihn