Akristu ndi Tsankho Lolekanitsa Anthu m’Magulu

YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU INDIA

KODI mumaganiza zotani mutamva mawu akuti “tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu”? Kapena mumaganiza za anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mu India amene ali apansi—osafunika. Ngakhale kuti kulekanitsa anthu m’magulu ndiwo mkhalidwe wa chipembedzo cha Ahindu, Ahindu osintha zinthu ayesetsa kuchotsa zotsatira zake zoipa pa anthu apansi ndi osafunika. Polingalira zimenezi, kodi mukanatani mutamva kuti tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu likuchitika m’matchalitchi odzitcha achikristu?

Mmene Tsankho Lolekanitsa Anthu m’Magulu m’India Lingakhale Litayambira

Kugaŵa anthu m’magulu malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo mmene ena aganiza kuti amaposa anzawo si nkhani ya m’India mokha. M’makontinenti onse anthu asankhana magulu mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Chimene chimasiyanitsa vuto la kulekanitsa anthu m’magulu m’India nchakuti zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo, chipembedzo chinatengera njira yogonjetsa anthu.

Ngakhale kuti tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu silidziŵika mmene linayambira, akatswiri ena amati linayambira m’chigwa chotchedwa Indus Valley ku Pakistan wamakono pakati pa anthu akale. Zimene ofukula m’mabwinja apeza zimasonyeza kuti anthu oyambirira kukhala konko anagonjetsedwa pambuyo pake ndi mafuko ochokera kumpoto chakumadzulo, panthaŵi imene ambiri amatcha “kusamuka kwa Aaryani.” M’buku lake lakuti The Discovery of India, Jawaharlal Nehru anati kumeneku kunali “kuloŵerana kwakukulu kwa zikhalidwe,” kumene kunachokera “mafuko a India ndi chikhalidwe chake.” Komabe, kuloŵerana kumeneku sikunachititse mafuko kuonana kukhala olingana.

The New Encyclopædia Britannica ikuti: “Ahindu ndiwo amachititsa tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu (jātis, m’lingaliro lenileni ‘kubadwa’) kukula mwa kuwagaŵa m’magulu anayi, kapena kuti varnas, chifukwa chokwatitsana (zimene mabuku achihindu onena za dharma amaletsa). Komabe, akatswiri amakono amakonda kunena kuti tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu linakhalapo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa miyambo m’mabanja, kusankhana mafuko, ndi kusiyana ntchito ndi maluso. Akatswiri ambiri amakono a maphunziro amakayikiranso ngati tsankho lokha la varna silinali chabe ganizo longopeka la chikhalidwe ndi la chipembedzo ndipo anenetsa kuti kugaŵagaŵa Ahindu m’magulu aakulu ndi aang’ono oposa 3,000 kovuta kumvetsako kuyenera kuti kunaliko ngakhale m’nthaŵi zakale.”

Kwa nthaŵi ndithu magulu osiyana anali kukwatitsana, ndipo tsankhu lakale lomwe ankachita chifukwa cha khungu linakhala losaonekera kwenikweni. Malamulo okhwimitsa a tsankholo anakhalako pambuyo pake chifukwa cha chipembedzo, ndipo analembedwa m’malemba a Veda ndi m’Lamulo (kapena Malamulo) la Manu, munthu wanzeru wachihindu. Abrahmani anaphunzitsa kuti magulu apamwamba anabadwa ndi chiyero chomwe chinawalekanitsa ndi magulu apansi. Anaika mwa Asudra, kapena aja a magulu apansi kwenikweni, chikhulupiriro chakuti Mulungu anawapatsa ntchito yawo yotsika chifukwa cha ntchito zoipa zomwe anachita m’moyo wawo wapapitapo ndi kuti akayesa mpang’ono pomwe kuthetsa tsankholo akakhala osafunika. Kukwatitsana, kudyerana, kutunga madzi pampope umodzi, kapena kuloŵa m’kachisi amenenso Msudra amaloŵa kungatayitse munthu wa m’gulu lapamwamba malo ake.

Kulekanitsa Anthu m’Magulu Makono

Litapeza ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1947, boma la India linapanga konsichushoni imene inaletsa kuikana m’magulu. Chifukwa chozindikira kuti Ahindu a magulu apansi anasauka zaka mazana ambiri, boma linalamula kuti aziika padera maudindo m’boma ndi maudindo apachisankho ndiponso mipando m’mabungwe a zamaphunziro kaamba ka anthu a m’magulu osafunika otchedwa scheduled castes ndi mafuko.a Liwu logwiritsidwa ntchito pa magulu ameneŵa achihindu ndilo “Daliti,” kutanthauza “opsinjidwa, oponderezedwa.” Koma nkhani ina yake m’nyuzipepala ina posachedwa inati: “Akristu Achidaliti Afuna Kuwasungira [ntchito ndiponso malo payunivesite].” Kodi zimenezi zinayamba motani?

Boma linapereka mapindu ochuluka kwa magulu apansi achihindu pokhala achitidwa chisalungamo chifukwa cha tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu. Chotero analingalira kuti zipembedzo zimene zinatsata tsankholo sizingapatsidwe thandizo. Komabe, popeza kuti otembenuka anali apansi, kapena osakhudzika, anatero Akristu achidaliti, iwonso amachitiridwa tsankhu, osati ndi Ahindu okha komanso ndi ‘Akristu anzawo.’ Kodi zimenezo nzoona?

Amishonale a Dziko Lachikristu ndi Kulekanitsa Anthu m’Magulu

Amene anatembenuza Ahindu ambiri anali amishonale achipwitikizi, achifalansa, ndi achibritishi, Akatolika ndi Aprotesitanti omwe, panthaŵi yautsamunda. Anthu a m’magulu onse anakhala Akristu dzina, alaliki ena akumakopa Abrahmani, ena anthu Osakhudzika. Kodi chiphunzitso ndi khalidwe la amishonale zinakhudza motani tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu limene analikhulupirira kwambiri?

Ponena za Abritishi omwe anali mu India, mlembi Nirad Chaudhuri ananena kuti m’matchalitchi “mpingo wa Aindiya sukanatha kukhala ndi Azungu. Mzimu woona ngati fuko lawo nlapamwamba womwe unali maziko a ulamuliro wa Britain mu India sunatheke kubisika ndi Chikristu.” Akumaonetsa mzimu wofanana, mmishonale wina mu 1894 analembera bungwe la Board of Foreign Missions of the United States kuti kutembenuza anthu apansi ndiko “kubweretsa zinyalala m’Tchalitchi.”

Inde, kuganiza kwa amishonale oyambirira kuti fuko lawo nlapamwamba ndiponso kugwirizanitsa zikhulupiriro za Brahman ndi ziphunzitso za tchalitchi ndizo zinachititsa kuti odzitcha Akristu mu India azitsata mtchitidwe wolekanitsa anthu m’magulu.

Kulekanitsa Anthu m’Magulu m’Matchalitchi Lerolino

Bishopu Wamkulu wachikatolika George Zur, pokambitsirana ndi osonkhana pa Catholic Bishops Conference of India mu 1991, anati: “Otembenuka a scheduled caste amaonedwa apansi osati chabe ndi Ahindu apamwamba okha komanso Akristu apamwamba. . . . Amakhala ndi malo awoawo m’matchalitchi ndi kumanda. Kukwatitsana a m’magulu osiyana amakunyansa . . . Atsogoleri achipembedzo ambiri amatsata tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu.”

Bishopu M. Azariah, wa Church of South India, ya United Protestant Church, anati m’buku lake lakuti The Un-Christian Side of the Indian Church: “Akristu a Scheduled Caste (Daliti) amachitiridwa tsankhu ndi kuponderezedwa ndi Akristu anzawo m’matchalitchi osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kubadwa kwawo osati chifukwa chakuti analakwa ayi, ngakhale ngati ali Akristu a mbadwo wachiŵiri, wachitatu kapena wachinayi. Akristu apamwamba amene sali ambiri m’Tchalitchi amachitabe tsankhu lawo ngakhale patapita mibadwo yambiri, osaganizako za zikhulupiriro zawo zachikristu ndi mwambo wake.”

Bungwe la boma lofufuza za mavuto a magulu apansi mu India, lotchedwa Mandal Commission, linapeza kuti odzitcha Akristu ku Kerala anali ogaŵikana “m’magulu a mafuko osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kulekanitsa magulu komwe anakula nako. . . . Ngakhale atatembenuka, apansi anapitiriza kuchitidwa ngati a Harijanb . . . Asuri ndi Apulaya a m’Tchalitchi chomwecho anachita mapemphero awo paokha m’nyumba zapazokha.”

Nkhani ya mu Indian Express ya August 1996 inati za Akristu achidaliti: “Ku Tamil Nadu, iwo amakhala kwaokha kusiyana ndi apamwamba. Ku Kerala, iwo kwenikweni ali antchito opanda minda, ndipo amagwira ntchito kwa Akristu achisuriya ndi anthu ena apamwamba omwe ali ndi minda. Adaliti ndi Akristu achisuriya sadyerana kapena kukwatitsana ayi. Kaŵirikaŵiri, Adaliti amalambirira m’matchalitchi awoawo, otchedwa, ‘tchalitchi cha Pulaya’ kapena ‘tchalitchi cha Paraya.’” Ameneŵa ndi maina a timagulu tating’ono. Liwu lachingelezi la “paraya” ndi “pariah.”

Zimene Ena Achita Chifukwa Chokhumudwa

Magulu a anthu wamba olimbikitsa kusintha, monga la FACE (Forum Against Christian Exploitation), akufuna kuti Akristu achidaliti azipindula ndi thandizo la boma. Zimene akufuna makamaka ndi thandizo la chuma kwa otembenuka kukhala Akristu. Komabe, ena nkhaŵa yawo yaikulu ndi njira imene anthu akuchitirana m’tchalitchi. Polembera kalata Papa John Paul II, anthu oposa 120 anatero kuti iwo “analandira Chikristu kuti amasuke ku tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu” koma kuti saloledwa kuloŵa m’tchalitchi pamodzi kapena kupemphera nawo. Anakakamizika kumanga nyumba zawo m’mbali mwa msewu umene Akristu apamwamba—ngakhale ansembe a chigawocho—sanapondemo phazi! Chomwechonso mkazi wina wachikatolika wokhumudwa anati: “Ineyo ndimafuna kuti mwana wanga aphunzire pakoleji yabwino. Komanso ndimafunitsitsa kuti abale ake [achikatolika] azimuyesa wolingana nawo.”

Pamene kuli kwakuti ena akuyesa kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa Akristu achidaliti, ambiri akutaya mtima. Mabungwe onga a Vishwa Hindu Parishad (Bungwe la Ahindu la Dziko Lonse) zikuyesa kutembenuza amene anakhala Akristu kuti akhalenso Ahindu. Indian Express inasimba za mwambo umene panapezeka anthu 10,000, pamene mabanja oposa 600 “achikristu” anayambiranso Chihindu.

Njira Yoona Yachikristu

Ngati amishonale a matchalitchi akanaphunzitsa ziphunzitso za Kristu zozikidwa pa chikondi, sipakanakhala “Akristu achibrahmani,” kapena, “Akristu achidaliti,” ngakhalenso “Akristu achiparaya.” (Mateyu 22:37-40) Sipakanakhala matchalitchi apaokha a Adaliti ndi kusadyerana. Kodi chiphunzitso cha Baibulo chimenecho chomasula anthu chimenenso chimagonjetsa kusankhana magulu nchotani?

“Popeza Yehova Mulungu wanu ndiye Mulungu wa milungu . . . wosasamalira nkhope za anthu, kapena kulandira chokometsera mlandu.”—Deuteronomo 10:17.

“Koma ndikudandaulirani inu, abale, mwa dzina la Ambuye wathu Yesu Kristu, kuti munene chimodzimodzi inu nonse, ndi kuti pasakhale malekano pakati pa inu; koma mumangike mu mtima womwewo ndi m’chiweruziro chomwecho.”—1 Akorinto 1:10.

“Mwa ichi adzazindikira onse kuti muli akuphunzira anga, ngati muli nacho chikondano wina ndi mnzake.”—Yohane 13:35.

Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti Mulungu anapanga anthu onse mwa munthu mmodzi. Limatinso mbadwa zonse za munthu mmodzi ameneyo ziyenera ‘kufunafuna Mulungu, kapena akamfufuze ndi kumpeza, ngakhale sakhala patali ndi yense wa ife.’—Machitidwe 17:26, 27.

Pamene kusankhana magulu kunayamba kuloŵa mumpingo woyambirira wachikristu, mlembi Yakobo, mouziridwa anatsutsa kotheratu. Anati: “Kodi simunasiyanitsa mwa inu nokha, ndi kukhala oweruza oganizira zoipa?” (Yakobo 2:1-4) Chiphunzitso cha Chikristu choona sichimalola tsankho lililonse lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu.

Kufunika kwa Kukhala ndi Maganizo a Dziko Latsopano

Mamiliyoni a Mboni za Yehova akhala ofunitsitsa kusintha zikhulupiriro zawo zakale ndi khalidwe zimene anaphunzira ku zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Ziphunzitso za Baibulo zachotsa m’mitima yawo maganizo akudzimva wapamwamba kapena wapansi, kaya anakhala ndi maganizowo chifukwa cha atsamunda, fuko, tsankhu, kapena tsankho lolekanitsa anthu m’magulu. (Aroma 12:1, 2) Izo zimamvetsa tanthauzo la zimene Baibulo limatcha “dziko latsopano,” mmene “mukhalitsa chilungamo.” Makamu amene akuvutika padziko lapansi ali ndi tsogolo labwino chotani nanga!—2 Petro 3:13.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika/Chithunzi patsamba 19]

“Mulungu alibe tsankhu; koma m’mitundu yonse, wakumuopa iye ndi wakuchita chilungamo alandiridwa naye.”​—Machitidwe 10:34, 35

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Kodi Zimamveka Bwanji?

Inde, zimamveka bwanji ngati anthu omwe amati ali Akristu akukuyesa wosafunika? Mkristu wina, amene makolo ake anatembenuka kuchoka m’gulu lapansi la Chihindu lotchedwa Cheramar kapena Pulaya, anasimba zimene zinachitika kumudzi kwawo ku Kerala zaka zapitazo:

Anandiitana ku ukwati kumene alendo angapo ndithu anali atchalitchi. Atandiona kumadyerero, panabuka msokonezo, ndipo a Orthodox Syrian Church anati sadzakhalapo pamadyereropo ngati sindichoka, popeza sangadyere limodzi ndi mpulaya. Pamene atate ake a mkwati anakana zimenezo, a tchalitchiwo anachokapo pamadyereropo chigulu. Atachoka, panaperekedwa chakudya. Koma amene anali kutumikira kumathebulo anakana kuchotsa tsamba limene ndinadyerapo ndi kuyeretsa thebulo langa.

[Chithunzi]

Tchalitchi ku South India, kumene kumasonkhana apansi okha