Chifukwa Chimene Nyimbo Zimatikhudzira

NYIMBO ndiponso kulankhula ndi za anthu basi. Kungakhale kovuta kuganiza za dziko lopanda zinthu ziŵiri zimenezi. “Nyimbo komanso kulankhula ndi zinthu zimene anthu okha ndi omwe ali nazo kulikonseko,” linatero buku lotchedwa The Musical Mind. Zili mbali ya kufuna kwathu kuyankhulitsana. Choncho tinganene kuti, monga mmene zimakhalira ndi kulankhula, pamene nyimbo “ziyankhula” maganizo athu “amamvetsera.”

Kodi ndi motani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani nyimbo zimawalankhula maganizo athu? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, tiyenera kuona izi: (1) zinthu zimene zimapanga nyimbo ndi mmene ubongo wathu umaziyendetsera; (2) mmene maganizo athu alili komanso chikhalidwe chathu, chifukwa zimenezi zimatichititsa kukhudzidwa ndi nyimbo; ndipo (3) chilankhulo, chingachititsenso kuti tikhudzidwe m’njira inayake.

Zimene Zimapanga Nyimbo

Mamvekedwe a nyimbo, nthaŵi zambiri amatchedwa kuti “zimene zimapanga nyimbo.” Zina mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi chuni, kapena mamvekedwe a chidacho. Mwachitsanzo, lipenga lachifalansa akuti ndi la mawu aakulu, ndipo kumveka kwake akuti n’kosiyana kwambiri ndi kwa lipenga la mawu okweza kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zida ziŵirizi zili m’gulu limodzi la zida zopeperera, chilichonse chimatulutsa mawu okwera, kapena kuti nthetemya zosiyana mphamvu. Zimenezi ndi zimene zimachititsa kuti chida chilichonse choimbira chikhale ndi “mawu” apaderadera. Opeka nyimbo amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi kuchititsa zida kumveka mwapadera kuti zikope maganizo a omvera.

Mwina chinthu choyamba chimene tinachidziŵa ndicho kugunda—mwina pamene tinali tidakali m’mimba, n’kumamvetsera kugunda kwa mtima wa mayi athu. Ena akhala akunena kuti kugunda kwa nyimbo inayake mwina kumatikhudza tisakudziŵa chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mtima kapena ngakhale kupuma kwathu. Motero, sizingakhale zodabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amakonda nyimbo zogunda kufika nthaŵi 70 mpaka 100 pa mphindi—mlingo wofanana ndi kugunda koyenera kwa mtima wa munthu wamkulu wathanzi labwino. Zimenezi n’zimene zinalembedwa m’magazini yotchedwa Perceptual and Motor Skills.

Mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana a nyimbo omwe zinthu zimenezi zimatulutsa tingawadziŵe titapenda zida zoimbira zosiyanasiyana ndiponso kulira ndi kumveka kwake. Kulira kokopa mtima kwa lipenga lotchedwa bassoon kumene kuli m’gawo lachiŵiri la nyimbo yoimba ndi lipengali yokhala ndi zigawo zitatu ya woimba wotchedwa Mozart, kungadzutse maganizo kwambiri. Kulira kodandaula kwa chitoliro chachijapani chotchedwa shakuhachi kungakhudze mtima mosangalatsa. Kulira kodzutsa maganizo kwa lipenga la tenala lotchedwa saxophone, kumachititsa kuti ena asaiwale nyimbo za blues. Mawu abesi a lipenga lotchedwa tuba lomveka pagulu loimba la ku Germany amasangalatsa. Nthethemezi ya mtundu wa mngoli wotchedwa violin woimbidwa m’nyimbo ya woimba wina wotchedwa Strauss imachititsa omvetsera ambiri kufuna kuyamba kuvina. Zimenezi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti “nyimbo zimalankhula munthu yense,” malingana ndi kunena kwa Clive E. Robbins, wa ku chipatala chotchedwa Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Center, ku New York.

Mavume, Manzenene ndi Chuni Chokoma

Mavume amatulutsa mawu osangalatsa, pamene manzenene amatulutsa mawu osokosa. Koma kodi mukudziŵa kuti zinthu zimenezi zimayendera limodzi m’nyimbo zina? Nyimbo imene mumamveka mavume abwino kwambiri mwina imakhala ndi manzenene ambiri koposa mmene mungaganizire. Kupokolezana kosaleka kwa mavume ndi manzenene, kumatenga mtima mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zambiri sikumamveka, ndipo kutengeka mtima kumeneko kumatisangalatsa. Kutengeka maganizo kokoma kotero kumaziziritsa mtima, koma nyimbo za manzenene pazokha zingasokose m’makutu ndiponso n’zosasangalatsa monga mmene kukanditsa zikadabo pa chitsulo kapena pa bolodi kumachitira. Komanso, ngati nyimbo zili ndi mang’ombe okha basi zingakhale zosasangalatsa.

Chuni chokoma, m’Chingelezi melody, ndiyo ndondomeko ya manotsi otsatizanatsatizana. Malingana ndi zolembedwa m’mabuku ena, mawuwa amachokera ku liwu lachigiriki lakuti me’los, limene limatanthauza “nyimbo.” Madikishonale amati melody ndi nyimbo yokoma, kulira kulikonse kokoma.

Komabe, si kulira konse kotsatizanatsatizana kwa tizigawo ta nyimbo kumene kumapanga chuni chokoma. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala mipata yaikulu pakati pa tizigawo ta nyimbo, ingachititse kuti nyimboyo imveke mwamphamvu koma osati mokoma. Koma pakakhala tizigawo ta nyimbo totsatizana, tokhala ndi mipata yaikulu yochepa chabe, nyimboyo imakhala yosangalatsa. Kulinganiza mosiyanasiyana tizigawo ta nyimbo komanso mipata kumapangitsa kuti nyimbo ikhale yosangalatsa kapena yomvetsa chisoni. Monga mmene alili mavume, chuni chokoma chimafika pena posangalatsa ndi pena posasangalatsa, ndipo timatengeka mtima chifukwa cha kukwera ndi kutsika kwa chuni—kutanthauza kukwera kapena kutsika kwa kachigawo ka nyimbo.

Zinthu zonsezi zikaphatikizidwa, zimapanga mphamvu zimene zingathe kudzutsa kapena kukhazika maganizo athu pansi. Ichi n’chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zimene ubongo wathu umalandirira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo.

Nyimbo Ndiponso Ubongo

Anthu ena amati chilankhulo komanso luntha kwenikweni zili ntchito za kumanzere kwa ubongo, pamene nyimbo zimakonzedwa kumanja kwa ubongo, kumene makamaka kuli mbali yoona za mmene timamvera komanso kuganiza. Kaya zimenezi n’zoona kapena ayi, chodziŵika n’chakuti nyimbo zimakhudza mwachibadwa omwe amamvetsera. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa Perceptual and Motor Skills inanena zimenezi motere: “Nyimbo zili ndi mphamvu zotha kuchititsa munthu kumva ndi kuganiza m’njira yofulumira komanso yamphamvu. Nkhani imene m’buku ingafunike ziganizo zambirimbiri kuti ailongosole . . . , m’nyimbo ingalongosoledwe pokanyanga nsambo zingapo basi.”

Ponenapo za kugwirizana kwapakati pa kuona ndi kumva komanso ndi zotsatirapo zake za zinthu ziŵirizi, buku lotchedwa Music and the Mind linanena mawu ochititsa chidwi otere: “Pali kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa kumva ndi kutengeka maganizo kuposa kumene kulipo pakati pa kuona ndi kutengeka maganizo. . . . Kuona nyama imene yavulala kapena munthu amene akuvutika koma ali duu kungachititse chisoni pang’ono chabe amene akuyang’anayo. Koma zikayamba kubuula, oyang’anayo nthaŵi zambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri.”

Nyimbo, Mawu Ake, ndi Inu

Anthu ena amati nyimbo zina zake zimakhudza omvera ake mofanana. Komabe, ena amati kukhudzidwa ndi chuni chokoma kapena nyimbo kumasonyeza maganizo a munthu panthaŵiyo kapena zimene anaona m’mbuyo. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi chingakhale cha munthu amene wokondedwa wake wamwalira ndiye akumva nyimbo inayake, mwina pamalo olambirira. Nyimboyo ingam’kumbutse za wokondedwa wakeyo ndipo ingam’kwiyitse kapena ngakhale kuchititsa misozi kuyenga m’maso mwake. Ena amene sali mumkhalidwe umenewo angaimbe nyimbo yomweyo mosangalala.

Chinanso, taganizirani zimene talongosola zija za lipenga lachifalansa ndi za lipenga. Inuyo mwina simungavomereze kuti lipenga lachifalansa lili ndi mawu aakulu. Kwa inu lingamveke ngati losokosa kapena lamaseŵera, pamene lipenga lingamveke ngati lopatsa maganizo kwabasi. Aliyense wa ife, ali ndi maganizo apadera ambirimbiri omwe nyimbo zingawatulutse, motero maganizowa amatikhudza m’njira yathuyathu.

Nyimbo zimathandiza kulumikiza mawu kapena malingaliro ku maganizo. N’chifukwa chake ndi malonda ochepa chabe amene amanenerera pawailesi yakanema ndi pa wailesi amene alibe nyimbo. Nthaŵi zambiri mawuwo samakhala ndi tanthazo lenileni lomveka. Komabe, ngati nyimbo yokoma ikuimba chapansipansi, malondawo angachititse omvetserayo kutengaka maganizo. Ndipotu ndi zoonadi kuti cholinga cha malonda ambiri omwe amanenerera chimakhala chakuti anthu azigula chifukwa chotengeka maganizo osati moganizira bwinobwino!

Inde kunenerera malonda kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa pa ndalama za anthu, komanso pali vuto lina lalikulu kwambiri lobwera ndi mphamvu za mawu a m’nyimbo komanso nyimbozo. Nyuzipepala yonena za achinyamata yotchedwa Journal of Youth and Adolescence inanena kuti kudzera m’mawu a m’nyimbo obwerezedwabwerezedwa, olemba nyimbo amauza achinyamata amene akungosinkhuka kuti asamamvere maganizo a ena ndi kuti azikhala “ovuta.” Malingana ndi buku linanso, uthenga umene umaperekedwa ndi “mawu a nyimbo zoipa za mtundu wa rap . . . , umakhala olaula kwambiri kuposa za heavy metal,” ungaloŵerere m’maganizo a munthu amene akumvetserayo ndipo umam’chititsa kukhala ndi khalidwe loipa.

Kodi zotsatirapo zoipazi zingathe kupewedwa ngati munthuyo atamangomvetsera nyimbozo ndipo n’kumanyalanyaza mawuwo? N’zoona kuti nthaŵi zambiri, mawu a m’nyimbo za heavy metal ndi rap ndi ovuta kwambiri kuwamva. Ndiponsotu chifukwa cha phokoso la nyimbozo munthu sungamvepo chilichonse n’komwe. Komatu, kaya muwamve mawuwo kapena ayi, uthenga wake umamvekabe m’kugunda kwake konyamula mtima komanso chuni chake chobwerezabwereza!

Ndiyeno mungazimve motani? Nyimbo zina, mitu yake yokha imabweretsa chithunzithunzi chinachake m’mutu. Kuwonjezanso apo, chamba cha nyimbocho pachokha ndi uthenga. Ndi uthenga wotani umene umaperekedwa? Nyuzipepala ya achinyamata ina inati: “Zikuoneka kuti uthenga wake ndi wosonyeza mphamvu, kuchita zimene ukufuna, komanso kupambana pa zachigololo.” Ina inanena kuti: “Nkhani zake zikuluzikulu . . . zimakhala zonena za kukhala osamvera ngakhale pang’ono, chiwawa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kumwa moŵa mwauchidakwa, chimasomaso, kuchita zinthu zosayenera, ndi Usatana.”

Achinyamata ena amanena kuti ngakhale zimenezi n’zoona, iwowo sizimawakhudza m’njira yoipa. Angamanene kuti nyimbo zotere n’zabwino chifukwa chakuti zimawathandiza kudziona kukhala anthu paokha. Koma kodi zimaterodi? Nyuzipepala yotchedwa The Journal of Youth and Adolescence inanena kuti: “Mkwiyo, komanso nkhani zotsutsa, ndiponso mphamvu zimene achinyamata ena amapeza m’nyimbo za heavy metal zingaoneke kukhala zabwino kuzichita m’kupita kwa nthaŵi kwa achinyamata osakhoza kwenikweni amene mwina tsiku lonse akhala akunyozedwa kusukulu kuti ndi olephera.” Kenaka inawonjezera izi: “Chodabwitsa n’chakuti achinyamata amene akungosinkhuka akamafuna kukhala otetezeka ndiponso odzidalira amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe aliyense amagwiritsira ntchito. M’malo mochita zinthu zawozawodi paokha, achinyamatawa amafuna atamakhala ngati winawake amene anthu a zamalonda a nyimbo akum’sonyeza.” M’kunena kwina, pali winawake amene akuuza achinyamata ameneŵa zimene ayenera kuganiza ndi mmene ayenera kumvera.

Tiyeni tione za madansi a nyimbo za rock. Kodi amakhudza bwanji makamu amene amapitako? Buku lotchedwa Music and the Mind likuyankha kuti: “Palibe kukayikira konse kuti, pochititsa kuti chigulu cha anthu chitengeke mtima ndiponso poonetsetsa kuti zimenezi zikuchitika nthaŵi imodzi osati aliyense payekhapayekha, nyimbo zingathe kuthandiza mwamphamvu kuchotsa maganizo odzitsutsa, osaona cholakwika pochita zinthu malingana ndi mmene ukumvera panthaŵiyo; ndipo umenewu ndi mkhalidwe woopsa kwambiri wa anthu akakhalapo gulu.” Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimachitika m’madansi a nyimbo za rock zimasonyeza kuona kwa mawu amenewo.

Choncho, kuti tipeŵe kuwononga mtima wathu komanso maganizo athu tiyenera kusankha bwino kwambiri nyimbo zimene timamvetsera. Kodi tingachite motani zimenezo? Nkhani yathu yotsiriza iyankha funso limeneli.

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Nthaŵi zambiri nyimbo zimachititsa omvetsera kufuna kuvina