Phunziro 22

Mawu Oyamba Ogwira Mtima

1-3. M’mawu oyamba kodi mungadzutse motani chidwi pankhaniyo?

¹ Odzutsa chidwi. Mawu oyamba a nkhani ayenera kudzutsa chidwi pankhaniyo. Ayenera kukopa maganizo a omvetsera anu ndi kuwakonzekeretsa kutchera khutu ku zimene mufuna kulankhula. Kuti muchite zimenezo, m’pofunika kutchuliratu phindu la nkhani yanu kwa omvetsera.

² Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zodzutsira chidwi pankhani ndiyo mwa kuonetsa omvetsera anu kuti nkhaniyo ikuwakhudza. Apangitseni kuzindikira kuti nkhaniyo n’njofunika kwa iwo, kuti imakhudza moyo wawo. Kuti muchite zimenezo nkhani iyenera kuyambira pa iwo omvetserawo. Zimenezo zikutanthauza kuti zimene muti munene ziyenera kukhala zodziŵika kwa omvetsera. Likhoza kukhala fanizo, chothetsa nzeru, kapena mafunso angapo. Koma nthaŵi zonse chikhale chinthu chozoloŵereka kwa omvetsera anu kotero kuti achimvetse ndi kuchigwiritsa ntchito pa iwo eni.

³ Nthaŵi zina m’mawu anu oyamba, kungakhale kofunika kuchotsa maganizo olakwa alionse amene angakhalepo, makamaka ngati nkhani yolankhulidwayo ili yam’kangano waukulu kwambiri. M’zochitika zoterozo mawu anu oyamba amakhala ofunika kwambiri kuti mukope maganizo a omvetsera anu kufikira mutafotokoza mogwira mtima zifukwa zochirikiza mfundo yanu. Mu utumiki wa kunyumba ndi nyumba nthaŵi zambiri kumakhala kotheka kugonjetsa mawu otsutsa ofala mwa kuwatchula choyamba m’njira yochenjera ndiyeno kufotokoza mfundo zimene mwakonzekera.

4-6. Ndi mfundo zina ziti zimene zingathandize kuti mawu anu oyamba akhale odzutsa chidwi?

⁴ Zimene munena nthaŵi zonse zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. Koma kuti mawu anu oyamba adzutse chidwi, chofunika kwambiri kuposa mbali ina iliyonse ya nkhaniyo ndicho mmene muti muwanenere. Kaamba ka chimenechi mawu anu oyamba amafuna kukonzekera kosamalitsa pasadakhale osati chabe zimene muti mukanene komanso mmene muti mukazinenere.

⁵ Kaŵirikaŵiri, masentensi aafupi komanso osavuta amakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri cholinga chanu cha mawu oyamba. Popeza kuti kusankha bwino mawu n’kofunika kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chanu m’nthaŵi yaifupi yolankhulira mawu oyamba, kungakhale kothandiza kukonza mosamalitsa makamaka masentensi aŵiri kapena atatu oyambirira. Alembeni m’notsi zanu kotero kuti mutha kuwaŵerenga, kapena kuwaloŵeza pamtima kuti mawu anu otsegulira adzakhale amphamvu ndi odalirika. Ndiponso zimenezo zidzakupatsani chidaliro chachikulu pachiyambi penipeni komanso mpata woti mukhazike mtima pansi kuti mupitirize kulankhula kuchokera m’maganizo.

⁶ Nazi mfundo zina zowonjezera pang’ono pa kalankhulidwe ka mawu anu oyamba, ngakhale kuti phungu wanu sadzaziyang’anira popenda lusolo la kulankhula. Ngati mwaona kuti muli ndi mantha, chepetsani liŵiro lakulankhula ndipo lankhulani ndi mawu otsikirapo. Lankhulani ndi chidaliro, koma peŵani mkhalidwe uliwonse wosonyeza kukhala wolamulira. Mchitidwe woterowo ungachititse omvetsera kuipidwa nanu pachiyambi penipeni.

7. Ndi liti pamene muyenera kukonza mawu anu oyamba?

⁷ Ngakhale kuti mawu oyamba a nkhani ndiwo mbali yoyamba kuilankhula, kaŵirikaŵiri imakonzedwa mogwira mtima kwambiri pambuyo pokonzeratu bwino thunthu la nkhani. Zimenezi zidzakutheketsani kudziŵa mawu oyenera oyambira nkhani imene mwaikonza.

**********

8-10. Kodi tingapangitse motani mawu athu oyamba kukhala oyenerana ndi mutu wa nkhani?

⁸ Oyenerana ndi mutu wa nkhani. Mawu oyamba angayambitse nkhani mogwira mtima pokhapokha atakhala oyenerana ndi mutu wa nkhaniyo. Ndithudi, m’pofunika kusamala kwambiri kuti m’mawu anu oyamba munene kokha zothandizira cholinga cha nkhani yanu. Komabe ayenera kukhala aulemu woyenera uthenga wa Ufumu komanso osakhumudwitsa akunja amene angakhale mwa omvetsera.

⁹ Mawu oyamba sangofunika kutsogolera m’nkhani yanu, koma ayeneranso kumveketsa bwino mfundo yapadera imene mudzaifotokoza m’nkhani yanu. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kusumika nkhani yanu pamutu wake, ndiyeno mwanjira ina, kuyesa kumveketsa bwino mutuwo m’mawu anu oyamba. Ngati mwasankha kusatchula mwachindunji mutuwo, nthaŵi zina mungatchule mawu aakulu a mutuwo m’mawu anu oyamba. Mwa njira imeneyi omvetsera anu sadzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chakuti mudzafotokozanso mbali zina zimene mutuwo ungasonyeze.

¹⁰ Nkhani zonse ziyenera kukhala thunthu limodzi logwirizana, osayamba ndi chinthu china ndi kumaliza ndi china chosiyana. Ndiponso, mfundo imeneyi yokhala ndi mawu oyamba oyenerana ndi mutu wa nkhani iyenera kulinganizidwa bwino ndi mfundo yokhala ndi mawu oyamba odzutsa chidwi. Kunena kwina, mutu wa nkhani suyenera kusokonekera posimba nthano yokoma kwambiri ndi cholinga choti mudzutse chidwi pachiyambipo. Cholinga cha nkhani ndicho chiyenera kulamulira kasankhidwe ka mfundo zanu. Ndipo ziyenera kuyenerana komanso kugwirizana ndi thunthu la nkhaniyo.

**********

11-14. Nanga tingadziŵe motani ngati mawu oyamba ali autali woyenera?

¹¹ Autali woyenera. Kodi mawu oyamba ayenera kukhala autali wotani? Palibe yankho limodzi limene lingayenere mikhalidwe yonse. Utali wa mawu oyamba umadalira nthaŵi ya nkhaniyo, cholinga chake, omvetsera ake ndi mbali zina zotero zofuna kuziganizira.

¹² Kunena zoona, pomvetsera nkhani, kaŵirikaŵiri kuyenera kukhala kovuta kuona malire pakati pa mawu oyamba ndi thunthu la nkhani, chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa nkhaniyo. Limeneli ndilo vuto limene phungu wanu adzakumana nalo posamalira mfundo imeneyi pasilipi lanu la Uphungu wa Kulankhula. Wophunzira aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oyamba m’nkhani yake, koma phungu adzafuna kuona izi: Kodi mawu oyambawo amangozungulira osalunjika pamfundo zake? Kodi akutchula zinthu zambirimbiri? Kodi n’ngaatali kwambiri moti omvetsera akuyamba kutekeseka iye asanaloŵe m’mfundo zenizeni zimene afuna kufotokoza?

¹³ Mawu oyamba ayenera kupitiriza m’dongosolo lotsatirika, lolongosoka komanso lofulumira kuloŵa m’nkhaniyo popanda kutaya mikhalidwe yodzutsa chidwi. Ayenera kukhala athunthu osati odukizadukiza. Zimenezi zimafuna kulingalira kosamalitsa, chifukwa ngati chiyambi chanu chikhala chotalikirana kwambiri ndi nkhani moti n’kufunikira malongosoledwe aatali komanso ophatikizapo zambiri, pamenepo ndi bwino kukonzanso mawu anu oyamba, ndipo mwina mungachite bwino kungokonza mawu ena oyambira atsopano.

¹⁴ Ngati kukhala kovuta kuona malire pakati pa mawu anu oyamba ndi thunthu la nkhani, kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa chimakhala chakuti mawu anu oyamba anali autali woyenera. Zimasonyeza kuti omvetsera anu mwawaloŵetsa bwinobwino m’nkhaniyo moti akutchera khutu kwambiri mmene mukufotokozera mfundo zanu kwakuti sakuzindikira kuti mwaloŵa kale m’nkhani yeniyeniyo. Koma ngati iwo ayamba kudabwa kuti nanga mufika liti pamfundo yaikulu, pamenepo dziŵani kuti mawu anu oyamba atalika kwambiri. Limeneli ndilo limakhala vuto kaŵirikaŵiri mu ulaliki wa kukhomo ndi khomo, chifukwa nthaŵi zonse m’pofunikira kumasintha utali wa mawu oyamba pochoka pakhomo limodzi kupita pa lina.

15, 16. Kodi mawu oyamba ayenera kukhala autali wotani pamene nkhaniyo ili mbali ya nkhani yosiyirana?

¹⁵ Pamene mukulankhula nkhani imodzi yokha papologalamu, kapena polankhula nkhani ya wophunzira, mawu anu oyamba angakhale otalikirapo kuposa nthaŵi zina. Koma ngati nkhani yanu ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zosiyirana, kapena ngati ndi mbali ya pamsonkhano wa utumiki, mawu anu oyamba ayenera kukhala achidule ndi olunjika chifukwa angokhala mbali ya gawo limodzi limene layamba kale. Nthaŵi yaikulu imawonongeka pachabe chifukwa cha mawu oyamba aatali ndi ofotokoza zambiri. Thunthu la nkhani n’limene lidzapereka maganizo onse amene mukufuna kufotokoza.

¹⁶ Pomaliza tinene mwachidule kuti, cholinga cha mawu anu oyamba ndicho kukopa maganizo a omvetsera, kudzutsa chidwi chawo ndi kuwatsogolera m’nkhani imene muti muilankhule basi. Chitani zimenezo mwamsanga komabe mopindulitsa ndiyeno loŵani mumnofu weniweni wa nkhani yanu, titero kunena kwake.