Mutu 3
Zimene Ziri m’Bukhu’lo
1. Kodi Baibulo limatiuzanji ponena za moyo? (Miyambo 21:21)
PAMENE mutenga Baibulo, kodi lingaliro lanu limakhala lotani? Kodi mumanena kuti, ‘Ha, ndi bukhu lalikulu chotani nanga!’ kapena ‘Likuonekera kukhala lobvuta kwambiri kwa ine’? Zoona, ndi lalikulu. Koma bukhu lalikulu likufunika kuti lifotokoze chifuno chonse cha Mlengi wathu wachikondi kaamba ka anthu. Baibulo limalongosola miyoyo ya anthu- anthu onga ife. Limasonyeza moyomonga momwe uliri, limodzi ndi zisangalalo zake ndi zisoni, zipambano zake ndi zolakwa. Limatiuza m’mene tingakhalire ndi chifuno cheni-cheni chokhalira ndi moyo. Pamene mumwerekera kwambiri ndi zimene zirimo, mudzalipeza kukhala-osati, lobvuta, koma kulongosola kokondweretsa kwa m’mene ‘tingagwirire zolimba pa moyo weni-weni’ umene wasungidwira anthu.—1 Timoteo 6:19, NW.
2. (a) Kodi ndi ati amene ali mabukhu a Baibulo asanu oyambirira? (b) Kodi ndani amene anawalemba, m’chinerero chiti, ndipo liti?
2 Tiyeni choyamba tiyang’ane pa “mabukhu ang’ono” asanu oyambirira a Baibulo—Genesis, Eksodo, Levitiko, Numeri ndi Deuteronomo. Amene’wa kawiri-kawiri amachedwa Pentetyuki (Pentateuch), kutanthauza “Mipukutu Isanu,” popeza kuti iwo mwachionekere poyamba analembedwa pa mipukutu yosiyana ya chikopa cha nyama. Mmenerei Mose analemba mabukhu onse’wa m’chinenero cha Chihebri zaka zoposa 3,400 zapita’zo! N’kopindulitsa kwambiri kwa ife kuphunzira zimene ziri m’mabukhu amene’wa.
3. (a) Kodi Genesis amasimba chiani ponena za mbiri yoyambirira? (b) Kodi amasonyezanji ponena za Mombolo?
3 Loyambirira la mabukhu asanu amene’wa, Genesis, limapereka cholembedwa cha kulengedwa kwa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, kwa zinthu za pa dziko lapansi, ndi kwa munthu. Limalongosola m’mene kuipa kunayambira pa dziko lapansi, pamene mwamuna ndi mkazi oyambirira, Adamu ndi Hava, anapandukira Mlengi wao, ndi m’mene Mulungu analonjezera Mombolo, “mbeu,” Limasonyeza kukhulupirika kwa amuna owerengeka, monga ngati Nowa, ndipo limasimba kufafanizidwa kwa dziko loipa ndi chigumula cha pa dziko lonse lapansi. Limapereka chiyambi cha mitundu yamakono’yi ndi zinenero zao, ndipo limasonyeza kuti Mombolo, “mbeu,” ikadza mwa mzera wa banja la Abrahamu wokhulupirika’yo. (Genesis 3:15; 12:3; 22:17, 18) Genesis akulongosola’nso mwatsatane-tsatane zochitika m’miyoyo ya makolo okhulupirika Abrahamu, Isake, Yakobo ndi Yosefe. Yakobo anachedwa’nso Israyeli, chifukwa cha chimene’cho mbadwa zake zinachedwa Aisrayeli. Mbiri yokondweretsa imene’yi imatithandiza kukhala ndi lingaliro la ntandadza wautali wa zifuno za Mulungu.
4. (a) Kodi mabukhu’wo kuyambira Eksodo kufikira Deuteronomo ali n’chiani, ndipo limodzi ndi phindu lotani kwa ife lero lino? (Deuteronomo 32:46, 47 (b) Kodi ndi malamulo otani amene ali m’mabukhu amene’wa, ndipo kodi ndi motani m’mene iwo ayambukirira anthu?
4 Mabukhu anai otsirizira a Pentetyuki amalongosola zochitika za moyo wa Mose, kuphatikizapo kulanditsidwa kozizwitsa kwa Aisrayeli pa Nyanja Yofiira, ndi mkhalidwe wa anthu’wo mu ziyeso zosiyana-siyana, zimene’zi zikumalembedwa monga chenjezo kwa ife lero lino. Mabukhu amene’wa amaphatikizamo’nso Malamulo Khumi ndi malamulo ena amene apindulitsa kwambiri anthu, ambiri a malamulo’wo akumabwerezedwa ndi kufotokozedwa moonjezereka ndi Mose m’Deuteronomo.
MABUKHU A MBIRI A PAMBUYO PAKE
5. Kodi ndi zochitika zotani zimene zikulongosoledwa m’mabukhu a Baibulo khumi ndi awiri otsatirapo?
5 Pakutsatira mpambo wa “mabukhu ang’ono” khumi ndi awiri kuyambira pa Yoswa kukafika pa Estere, amene’wo akupanga yoposa mbali imodzi mwa zinai za cholembedwa cha Baibulo. Imene’yi ndiyo mbiri ya mtundu wosankhidwa wa Mulungu, Israyeli, yolowetsamo zaka zoposa chikwi chimodzi, kuyambira mu 1473 B.C.E., pamene wolowa m’malo mwa Mose, Yoswa, anawatsogolera kuolaka Mtsinje wa Yordano kulowa m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa, kudzafika pafupi-fupi mu 443 B.C.E. Zochitika zeni-zeni zolongosoledwa m’masamba amene’wa zimapanga kuwerenga kosangalatsa ndi kolangiza. Pamene tikuona m’mene Mulungu anachitira ndi anthu m’nthawi za Baibulo, tingaphunzire m’mene tingakhalire okondweretsa kwa iye lero lino, kotero kuti tisangalale ndi dalitso lake pa miyoyo yathu.
6. Kodi ndi chithunzi-thunzi chosabisa chotani chimene chikuperekedwa mu Yoswa, Oweruza ndi Rute? (Oweruza 2:7, 11, 20-22)
6 Mabukhu’wo Yoswa, Oweruza ndi Rute atenga nyengo ya nthawi imene’yi kukafika mu 1107 B.C.E. ndipo amapereka chithunzi-thunzi chosabisa cha madalitso ndi matsoka olandiridwa ndi mtundu wa Israyeli, mogwirizana ndi m’mene iwo anamverera kapena sanamverere Mulungu wao.
7. (a) Kodi mabukhu’wo kuyambira pa Samueli Woyamba kukfika pa Estere amalongosola chiani? (b) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji ali oposa mbiri chabe? (Aroma 15:4)
7 Mbiri’yo mu Samueli Woyamba mpaka kudzafika pa Mafumu Achiwiri imaphatikizamo kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufumu wa Israyeli mu 1117 B.C.E. ndi kulamulira kwaulemerero kwa Mfumu Davide ndi Solomo m’kati mwa zaka za zana lotsatirapo. Kenako limanena za kugawanika kwa mtundu kukhala ufumu wakumpoto ndi wakumwera wa Israyeli ndi Yuda mu 997 B.C.E., ndipo’nso zochitika zotsogolera ku kupasuka kwa Israyeli kochitidwa ndi Asuri mu 740 B.C.E., ndi kwa Yuda kochitidwa ndi Babulo mu 607 B.C.E. Mabukhu awiri a Mbiri amapereka mipambo yoyambirira ya mabanja, ndipo amabwereza mbiri za maufumu a Israyeli ndi Yuda, monga momwe zinalembedwera ndi katswiri wokopa ndi wansembe, Ezara. Mabukhu a Ezara, Nehemiya ndi Estere amalondoloza zochitika m’mbiri Ychiyuda kuyambira pa lamulo la Mfumu Koresi ya Peresiya, imene inabwezeretsa Ayuda kuchokera ku ukapolo wa ku Babulo mu 537, kudzafika pafupi-fupi mu 443 B.C.E. Mabukhu onse’wa ali oposa kwambiri mbiri chabe. Iwo ali ndi chilangizo chopindulitsa kwa onse amene amakonda chilungamo, ndipo akusonya m’tsogolo kwa Mombolo wolonjezedwa wa anthu.
MABUKHU A NDAKATULO
8. Kodi ndani amene analemba bukhu la Yobu, ndipo kodi n’chifukwa ninji bukhu limene’li liri lofunika kwa ife? (Yobu 2:4, 5)
8 “Mabukhu ang’ono” ena asanu, mabukhu a ndakatulo, analembedwa pa nthawi zosiyana-siyana mkati mwa mbiri ya Israyeli. Bukhu la Yobu mwachionekere linalembedwa ndi Mose, pafupi-fupi pa nthawi imodzi-modzi ndi Pentetyuki. Limasonyeza mdani wamkulu wa Mulungu kukhala Satana, munthu wauzimu; limasonyeza chifukwa chake Mulungu walola kulamulira koipa kwa Satana kwa zochitika za dziko lapansi kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri, ndipo limasonyeza kuti Mulungu amafupa awo amene amasunga umphumphu kwa iye poyang’anizana ndi zitonzo ndi zizunzo zochokera kwa Satana.
9. (a) Kodi ndani amene analemba ambiri a Masalmo, ndipo kodi iwo ali n’chiani? (b) Kodi ndani amene analemba mabukhu a ndakatulo ena’wo, ndipo kodi ndi motani m’mene iwo aliri opindulitsa kwa ife? (Miyambo 3:5, 6) (c) Kodi mabukhu amene’wa analembedwa liti?
9 Masalmo, amene pafupi-fupi theka lake analembedwa ndi Mfumu Davide, amasonyeza mapemphero a chitamando ndi chiyamiko kaamba ka kukoma mtima kwachikondi kwa Mulungu. Iwo’nso amapereka maulosi ambiri onena za Mombolo wolonjezedwa. Mabukhu a Miyambo, Mlaliki ndi Nyimbo ya Solomo analembedwa pafupi-fupi onse ndi mwana wa Davide Solomo. Iwo amasonyeza nzeru yothandiza kwambiri imene iri yopindulitsa kweni-kweni m’kutithandiza kulaka zobvuta za moyo lero lino. Kwakukulu-kulu, mabukhu a ndakatulo amene’wa analembedwa m’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi B.C.E. Iwo ali okondweretsa mwapadera m’chakuti amasonyeza njira yomkera ku chimwemwe cheni-cheno. Monsemo, liu Lachihebri lofotokoza “chimwemwe” limapezekamo nthawi zambiri-mbiri.
MABUKHU A ULOSI
10. (a) Kodi mabukhu a ulosi’wo ali ndi chiani, ndipo kodi n’chifukwa ninji ali okondweretsa kwa ife lero lino? (Yesaya 2:2) (b) Kodi ndi m’kati mwa nyengo ya nthawi yotani m’mene mabukhu a ulosi’wo analembedwa?
10 Kodi mungafune kudziwa zimene ziri m’tsogolo mwanu? Eya, mungathe kudziwa. “Mabukhu ang’ono” khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri kuyambira pa Yesaya kudzafika pa Malaki, amene pafupi-fupi onse ali ndi dzina la wolemba wake, ali ndi maulosi amene akhala ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwapadera m’nthawi zakale. Iwo’nso amaneneratu zochitika za m’nthawi yathu, monga ngati kulimbanira ulamuliro pakati pa mitundu ya Demokrase ndi Yachikomyunizimu, kumene tsopano kukufika pa chimake, ndi kulanditsidwa kwa anthu a Mulungu mu “nthawi ya masautso” a dziko yaikulu kopambana. (Danieli 11:40-12:1) Iwo amanena za ziweruzo zochokera kwa Mulungu ndi za paradaiso waulemerero amene anthu onse amene amam’konda angasangalale naye. Mabukhu a ulosi amene’wa onse analembedwa m’kati mwa nyengo ya mabukhu a mbiri a pambuyo pake olongosoledwa kale’wo, kuyambira ndi bukhu la mneneri Yona pafupi-fupi mu 884, ndi kutsirizidwa ndi ulosi wa Malaki pafupi-fupi mu 443 B.C.E.
MAUTHENGA ABWINO ANAI
11. (a) Kodi ndi liti potsirizira pake pamene “mbeu” yolonjezedwa’yo ikuonekera? (b) Kodi dzina lake ndi dzina laulemu’lo limatanthauzji? (c) Kodi Mauthenga Abwino amatiuzanji ponena za Mesiya amene’yu? (Mateyu 4:17; Marko 1:14, 15; Luka 7:19, 22; Yohane 21:25)
11 Potsirizira pake, m’chaka cha 29 C.E., “mbeu” ndi Mombolo wolonjezedwa akuonekera! Iye ndiye Yesu Kristu, dzina lake’lo “Yesu” likumatanthauza “ Chipulumutso cha Yehova,” ndipo dzina lake la ulemu’lo “Kristu” likumatanthauza “Wodzozedwa.” Yehova Mulungu akupatsa Yesu ntchito ya kukhala Mombolo mwa kum’dzoza-osati ndi mafuta ononkhira bwino, monga momwe unaliri mwambo m’kukhazikitsa mafumu m’nthawi zakale, koma ndi mzimu Wake woyera wopatsa nyonga. Imene’yi ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito imodzi-modzi’yo ya Mulungu imene inapatsa nyonga olemba Baibulo kulemba “mau” Ake. “Mabukhu ang’ono’wo” Mateyu, Marko, Luka ndi Yohane amalongosola m’malingaliro osiyana-siyana ntchito ndi kulalikira kwa Yesu, kuphedwera kwake chikhulupiriro ndi chiukiriro, ndi kukwaniritsa kwake maulosi ambiri m’Malemba Achihebri amene amam’dziwikitsa kukhala Mombolo.
12. (a) Kodi ndi liti, ndipo ndi m’zinenero zotani, Mauthenga Abwino’wo analembedwa? (b) Kodi n’chifukwa ninji anthufe tiyenera kukhala othokoza kaamba ka “mbiro yabwino” imene’yi? (2 Akorinto 9:15)
12 “Mateyu analemba cholembedwa chake chonena za moyo wa Yesu m’Chihebri pafupi-fupi mu 41 C.E. ndipo pambuyo pake anachitembenuzira m’Chigriki. Marko ndi Luka nawo’nso analemba zolembedwa zao kuonongedwa kwachiwiri kwa Yerusalemu mu 70 C.E. kusanachitike. Yohane analemba cholembedwa chake pafupi-fupi mu 98 C.E. Mauthenga Abwino amene’wa, onse olembedwa m’Chigriki chofala, chinenero cha onse cha pa nthawi’yo, ali ndi “mbiri yabwino” ya ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Yesu mu umene anthufe tingasangalale ndi “moyo . . . wochuluka”! (Mateyu 9:35; Yohane 10:10) Tiyenera kuthokoza Mulungu kaamba ka makonzedwe abwino kwambiri amene’wa.
MACHITIDWE NDI MAKALATA
13. (a) Kodi n’chiani chimene chikulongosoledwa ‘m’Machitidwe a Atumwi”? (b) Kodi ndani amene analemba Machitidwe, ndipo kodi amalowetsamo nyengo yotani?
13 “Bukhu laling’ono” lakuti “Machitidwe a Atumwi” limalongosola choyamba kukwera kumwamba kwa Yesu woukitsidwa’yo ndi kulinganiza kwake mpingo wa Akristu, amene Mulungu akuwadzoza’nso ndi kuwapatsa nyonga ndi mzimu wake. Kenako limasimba changu cha Akristu oyambirira amene’wa m’ntchito yolengeza mbiri yabwino pa dziko lonse la pa nthawi imene’yo, likumalongosola kweni-kweni ntchito ya mtumwi Petro ndi Paulo. Cholembedwa champhamvu chimene’chi chinalembedwa ndi mnzake woyenda naye wa Paulo Luka, sing’anga, ndipo chimalowetsamo nyengo ya 33 kufikira pafupi-fupi 61 C.E.
14. (a) Kodi ndani amene analemba makalata makumi awiri mphambu imodzi a Malemba Achigriki? (b) Kodi iwo ali n’chiani, ndipo kodi n’chifukwa ninji amene’wa ayenera kutikondweretsa lero lino? (1 Timoteo 4:15, 16)
14 Kuyambira ku Aroma kukafika ku Yuda, pakutsatira makalata makumi awiri mphamphu imodzi a zilangizo ndi chilimbikitso, khumi ndi anai oyambirira olembedwa ndi mtumwi Paulo ndi otsala’wo ndi atumwi ndi ophunzira ena a Yesu Kristu. “Mabukhu ang’ono” amene’wa amanena mwachidaliro za chiyembekezo cha chiukiriro, ndi kulimbikitsa awo amene amakonda Mulungu ku ntchito zabwino ndi changu m’kuchita chifuniro chake. Iwo amasonyeza’nso kukwaniritsidwa kwa maulosi ambiri. Makalata a Paulo ali ndi maina a miping kapena anthu amene iye anawalembera makalata. Ndiyeno, kuyambira pa Yakobo kumkabe m’tsogolo, makalata’wo akudziwikitsidwa ndi dzina la wolemba’yo.
CHIBVUMBULUTSO
15. (a) Kodi ndani amene analemba “Chibvumbulutso,” kuti ndipo liti, ndipo kodi chiri ndi chiani? (Chibvumbulutso 1:1-3) (b) Kodi chimanenanji ponena za “tsoka” liripo’li, ndi za zochitika zam’tsogolo?
15 Bukhu lolosera lotsirizira limene’li, lolembedwa ndi Yohane ali m’ndende pa chisumbu cha Patmo, pafupi-fupi 96 C.E., liri ndi mpambo wa masomphenya operekedwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi Mulungu kupyolera mwa Yesu wolemekezedwa’yo. Lalembedwa m’mau ophiphiritsira kwambiri, ndipo limapereka mauthenga a Mulungu a chiweruzo. Limasimba chifukwa chake anthu a dziko lapansi akubvutika kwambiri ndi “tsoka” ndi m’mene Mulungu ndi Kristu wake adzalanditsira anthu kwa adani onse – achipembedzo, a ndale za dziko, a magulu ankhondo ndi auchiwanda-mokonzekera ulamuliro wa zaka chikwi wa Kristu wa mtendere pa dziko lonse lapansi. – Chibvumbulutso 12:12.
16. Kodi ndi motani m’mene “bukhu laling’ono lotsirizira la “Baibulo limene’li limasonyezera kukwaniritsidwa kwaulemerero kwa Genesis 3:15?
16 “Bukhu laling’ono” lotsirizira la Baibulo motero limasonyeza m’mene lonjezo la Mulungu la Mombolo wa anthu, wolongosoledwa m’bukhu loyambirira, Genesis, likukwaniritsidwira mwaulemerero, ndi m’mene “Mulungu yekha. . . adzawapukutira misozi yonse kuichotsa pamaso pao.” (Chibvumbulutso 21:3, 4) Ndithudi, imene’yi ndi “mbiri yabwino” kwa tonsefe lero lino!
[Tchati patsamba 21]
(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)
ZAKA 4,000 ZOYAMBIRIRA ZA MBIRI YA ANTHU
(Zozikidwa kwakukulu-kulu pa cholembedwa cha Baibulo; mabokosi’wo akusonyeza kokha deti la pafupi-fupi)
MIYOYO YA ANTHU CHAKA ZOCHITIKA
B.C.E.
Adam analengedwa 4026 Chipanduko; Mulungu alonjeza
“mbeu”
Mulungu ‘atenga’ Enoke 3039 Enoke analosera za chiweruzo
Chaka cha 600 cha Nowa 2370 Chigumula cha pa dziko lonse lapansi chiyamba
(2189) Malirime asokonezedwa pa Babele
Abrahamu abadwa 2018
1943 Lonjezo la Mulungu lonena za
“mbeu” ya Abrahamu
Isake abadwa 1918
1913 “Mbeu” ilonjezedwa kupyolera mwa
Isake
Yakobo abadwa 1858
1781 “Mbeu ilonjezedwa kupyolera mwa
Yakobo
Yosefe abadwa 1767
Imfa ya Yakobo 1711 Yakobo akulosera kuti “mbeu”
idzadza kuchokera m’pfuko la Yuda
Yobu akusunga umphumphu (1613) Mulungu akuyankha chitokoso cha
Satana
Mose ayamba Baibulo 1513 Mulungu aombola Israyeli ku Igupto
Imfa ya Mose 1473 Yoswa atsogolera Israyeli
kulowa mu “Dziko’lo”
Davide akhala mfumu 1077 [“Mbeu ikulonjezedwa kupyolera mwa Mfumu Davide ya Yuda]
Solomo akhala mfumu 1037
Imfa ya Solomo 997 Kugawanika kwa Ufumu; Israyeli
ndi Yuda
Yesaya alosera (778)
Ezekieli alosera 745
mu Yuda
740 Asuri aononga mafuko khumi
a Israyeli
Yeremiya alosera 647
Ezekieli alosera 613
607 Babulo apasula Yuda
Danieli alosera 605
537 Koresi wa Peresiya
abwezeretsa Ayuda ku “Dziko’lo”
Malaki atsiriza (443) Malemba Achihebri atsirizedwa tsopano kulosera
332 Grisi alamulira Yudeya
63 Roma ayamba kulamulira Yerusalemu
[Tchati patsamba 26]
(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)
ZOCHITIKA ZA MU MBIRI, ZAKALE NDI ZOYEMBEKEZEREDWA
(Zozikirwa Pa zolembedwa za Baibulo ndi za dziko ndi ulosi umene uli m’kati mwa kukwaniritsidwa; mabokosi’wo amasonyeza kokha deti la pafupi-fupi)
CHAKA
B.C.E.
Yesu abadwa 2 Kuchokera mu mzera wa Abrahamu, Davide
CHAKA
C.E.
Yesu adzozedwa 29 Yesu akhala “mbeu” Yaumesiya
Kuphedwera chikhulupiriro 33 Ophunzira abalalitsidwa
kwa Yesu
Yesu aukitsidwa 33 Mpingo Wachikristu upangidwa
Paulo atembenuzidwa (34)
Korneliyo atembenuzidwa 36
Mateyu alemba (41)
Uthenga Wabwino
Ulendo woyamba wa Paulo (47-48)
Ulendo wachiwiri wa Paulo (49-52)
Ulendo wachitatu wa Paulo (52-56)
Luka alemba (56-58)
Uthenga Wabwino
Marko alemba (60-65)
Uthenga Wabwino
66 Aroma azinga Yerusalemu,
abwerera. Akristu athawa mu mzindawo
70 Aroma aononga Yerusalemu, kachisi
Yohane alemba (96)
Chibvumbulutso
Yohane alemba
Uthenga Wabwino (98)
Imfa ya mtumwi Yohane (100) Palibe choletsa tsopano ku
mpatuko
325 Konsitantini akhazikitsa Chikristu cha Dziko
Kristu akhala Mfumu 1914 Chikristu cha Dziko chiyamba Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Dziko
Kulalikira Ufumu 1919 Chikristu cha Dziko chiyambitsa
kukuonjezeka Chigwirizano
1939 Chikristu cha Dziko chiyamba
Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko
1945-1975 ‘Nkhondo ya mau’; nkhondo
zokhetsa mwazi (Korea,
Vietnam, Dziko Lopatulika)
Munthu atsiriza 1975
zaka 6,000 za mbiri
pa dziko lapansi
— “Nyanga” za U.N. zipasula
“Babulo”
“Khamu lalikulu lipulumuka” — Kristu aononga mitundu pa
Harmagedo
Kristu aika m’phompho — Ulamuliro wa zaka 1,000 uyamba
Mdierekezi ndi ziwanda
[Chithunzi patsamba 23]
Mofanana ndi Mfumu Davide, tiyenera kuthokoza Mulungu kaamba ka kukoma mtima kwake kwachikondi
[Chithunzi patsamba 25]
Mulungu anapatsa mphamvu Yesu kukhala Mombolo