Mutu 9

Kodi Helo Ndimalo Amtundu Wotani?

1. Kodi zipembedzo zaphunzitsanji ponena za helo?

MAMILIYONI AMBIRI a anthu aphunzitsidwa ndi zipembedzo zawo kuti helo ndimalo kumene anthu amazunzidwa. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Encyclopædia Britannica, “Tchalitchi Chachiroma Katolika chimaphunzitsa kuti helo . . . adzakhalako kosatha; vuto lake silidzatha.” Insaikolopediyayo ikupitiriza kunena kuti, chiphunzitso Chachikatolika chimenechi, “chikukhulupiriridwabe ndi magulu ambiri Achiprotesitanti osafuna kusintha.” Ahindu, Abuda ndi Asilamu amaphunzitsanso kuti helo ndimalo a chizunzo. Nzosadabwitsa kuti anthu amene aphunzitsidwa zimenezi kawirikawiri amanena kuti ngati helo ali malo oipa oterowo iwo samafuna kulankhula za iye.

2. Kodi Mulungu anaganizanji ponena za kutentha ana pamoto?

² Chimenechi chimadzutsa funso: Kodi Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse analenga malo a chizunzo oterowo? Eya, kodi lingaliro la Mulungu linali lotani pamene Aisrayeli, potsatira chitsanzo cha mitundu imene inakhala chapafupi, anayamba kupsereza ana awo m’moto? Iye akufotokoza m’Mawu ake: “Namanga akachisi a ku Tofeti, kuli m’chigwa cha mwana wa Hinomu, kuti atenthe m’moto ana awo amuna ndi akazi; chimene sindinauza iwo, sichinalowa m’mtima mwanga.”—Yeremiya 7:31.

3. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuli kosayenera, kudzanso kopanda malemba, kuganiza kuti Mulungu akazunza anthu?

³ Taganizirani zimenezi. Ngati lingaliro la kuwotcha anthu pamoto silinalowe mu mtima wa Mulungu, kodi kukuwonekera ngati koyenera kuti iye analengera helo wamoto awo amene sakumtumikira? Baibulo limati, “Mulungu ndiye chikondi.” (1 Yohane 4:8) Kodi Mulungu wachikondi akazunzadi anthu kosatha? Kodi inu mukatero? Kudziwa chikondi cha Mulungu kuyenera kutisonkhezera kutembenukira ku Mawu ake kuti tidziwe chimenedi helo ali. Kodi ndani amapitako, ndipo kwa utali wotani?

SHELO NDI HADE

4. (a) Kodi ndiliwu Lachihebri ndi Chigiriki lotani limene likutembenuzidwa “helo? (b) Kodi ndimotani mmene Sheol akutembenuzidwira mu King James Version?

⁴ Webster’s Dictionary limanena kuti liwu Lachingelezilo “helo” nlolingana ndi liwu Lachihebri Sheol ndi liwu Lachigiriki Hade. M’Mabaibulo Achijeremani Hoelle ndilo liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito m’malo mwa “helo”; m’Chipwitikizi liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito ndilo inferno, M’Chisipanya infierno ndi m’Chifrenchi Enfer. Otembenuza Achingelezi a Authorized Version, kapena King James Version, anatembenuza Sheol kokwanira 31 kukhala “helo,” kokwanira 31 kukhala “manda,” ndi kokwanira 3 kukhala “dzenje.” Catholic Douay Version inatembenuza Sheol kokwanira 64 kukhala “helo.” M’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki (mofala otchedwa “Chipangano Chatsopano”), King James Version inatembenuza Hade kukhala “helo” iriyonse ya nthawi 10 imene amapezeka.—Mateyu 11:23; 16:18; Luka 10:15; 16:23; Machitidwe 2:27, 31; Chivumbulutso 1:18; 6:8; 20:13, 14.

5. Kodi ndifunso lotani limene likufunsidwa ponena za Sheol ndi Hade?

⁵ Funso nlakuti: Kodi Sheol kapena Hade, ndimalo amtundu wotani? Chenicheni chakuti King James Version imatembenuza liwu limodzi Lachihebrilo Sheol njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana chimasonyeza kuti helo, manda ndi dzenje zimatanthauza chinthu chimodzi ndi chofanana. Ndipo ngati helo amatanthauza manda onse a anthu, sangatanthauze pa nthawi imodzimodziyo malo a chizunzo chamoto. Chabwino, pamenepa, kodi Sheol ndi Hade amatanthauza manda, kapena kodi iwo amatanthauza malo a chizunzo?

6. (a) Kodi ndimotani mmene Baibulo limasonyezera kuti Sheol ndi Hade zimatanthauza chinthu chimodzi? (b) Kodi nchiyani chimene chikusonyezedwa ndi chenicheni chakuti Yesu anali m’Hade?

⁶ Tisanayankhe funso limeneli, tiyeni timveketse kuti liwu Lachihebrilo Sheol ndi liwu Lachigirikilo Hade limatanthauza chinthu chimodzimodzicho. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa mwa kuyang’ana pa Salmo 16:10 m’Malemba Achihebri ndi Machitidwe 2:31 m’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki, mavesi amene mungawaone pa tsamba linalo. Wonani kuti m’kugwira mawu kuchokera m’Salmo 16:10 m’mene Sheol amapezeka, Machitidwe 2:31 amagwiritsira ntchito Hade. Wonaninso, kuti, Yesu Kristu anali m’Hade, kapena helo. Kodi tiyenera kukhulupirira kuti Mulungu anazunza Kristu m’helo wa moto? Ndithudi ayi! Yesu anali chabe m’manda mwake.

7, 8. Kodi ndimotani mmene chimene chikunenedwa ponena za Yakobo ndi mwana wake Yosefe, ndi ponena za Yobu, zimatsimikizirira kuti Sheol sali malo a chizunzo?

⁷ Pamene Yakobo anali kulira mwana wake wokondedwa Yosefe, amene iye adaganiza kuti adaphedwa, iye anati: “Ndidzatsikira kwa mwana wanga m’Sheol ndikulira!” (Genesis 37:35, NW) Komabe, King James Version panopa imatembenuza Sheol “manda,” ndipo Douay Version imalitembenuza “helo.” Tsopano, imani kaye ndi kuganiza. Kodi Yakobo anakhulupirira kuti mwana wake Yosefe anapita ku malo a chizunzo kukakhala kosatha kumeneko, ndipo kodi iye anafunadi kupita kumeneko ndi kumuwona? Kapena, m’malo mwake, kodi kunali kwakuti Yakobo anangoganizira kuti mwana wake wokondedwa anafa ndipo anali m’manda ndi kuti Yakobo mwiniyo anafuna kufa?

⁸ Inde, anthu abwino amapita ku helo Wabaibulo. Mwa chitsanzo, munthu wabwinoyo Yobu, amene anali kuvutika kwambiri, anapemphera kwa Mulungu kuti: “O kuti mukanandibisa mu Sheol [manda, King James Version; helo, Douay Version], . . . kuti mukanandiikira malire a nthawi ndi kundikumbukira!” (Yobu 14:13) Tsopano taganizirani: Ngati Sheol amatanthauza malo a moto ndi chizunzo, kodi Yobu akanafuna kupita ndi kukakhalako kufikira Mulungu atamkumbukira? Mwachiwonekere, Yobu anafuna kufa ndi kupita kumanda kuti kuvutika kwake kukathe.

9. (a) Kodi mkhalidwe wa awo okhala m’Sheol ndiwotani? (b) Motero kodi Sheol ndi Hade nchiyani?

⁹ M’malo onse amene Sheol amapezeka m’Baibulo samagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo, ntchito kapena chizunzo. M’malo mwake, amagwirizanitsidwa kawirikawiri ndi imfa ndi kusagwira ntchito. Mwa chitsanzo, taganizirani Mlaliki 9:10, NW, amene amati: “Zonse zimene dzanja lako lipeza kuti uchite, zichite ndi mphamvu yako yeniyeni, pakuti kulibe ntchito ngakhale kulinganiza ngakhale kudziwa ngakhale nzeru ku Sheol [manda, King James Version; helo, Douay Version], malo kumene ukupita.” Motero yankho likukhala lomvekera bwino kwambiri. Sheol ndi Hade samatanthauza malo a chizunzo koma manda onse a anthu. (Salmo 139:8) Anthu abwino kuphatikizapo anthu oipa amapita ku helo Wabaibulo.

KUTULUKA M’HELO

10, 11. Kodi nchifukwa ninji Yona, pamene anali m’mimba mwansomba, ananena kuti anali m’helo?

¹⁰ Kodi anthu angatuluke m’helo? Lingalirani chochitika cha Yona. Pamene Mulungu anachititsa chinsomba kumeza Yona kumpulumutsa kufera m’madzi, Yona anapemphera ali m’mimba mwa nsomba: “Ndinapfuula kwa Yehova munsautso yanga, ndipo iye anapitiriza kundiyankha. M’mimba mwa Sheol [helo, King James Version ndi Douay Version (2:3)] ndinalirira chithandizo. Munamva mawu anga.”—Yona 2:2, NW.

¹¹ Kodi Yona anatanthauzanji mwakuti “m’mimba mwa helo” Chabwino, mimba ya nsomba imeneyo ndithudi sinali malo a chizunzo chamoto. Koma ikanatha kukhala manda a Yona. Kunena zowona, Yesu Kristu ponena za iyemwini anati: “Monga Yona anali m’mimba mwa chinsomba masiku atatu ndi usiku wake, chomwecho Mwana wa munthu adzakhala mumtima mwa dziko lapansi masiku atatu ndi usiku wake.”—Mateyu 12:40.

12. (a) Kodi pali umboni wotani wakuti awo okhala m’helo angatuluke? (b) Kodi pali umboni wowonjezereka wotani wakuti “helo” amatanthauza “manda”?

¹² Yesu anali wakufa ndipo anali m’manda mwake kwa masiku atatu. Koma Baibulo limasimba kuti: “Moyo wake sunasiyidwe mu helo . . . Yesu ameneyu Mulungu wamuukitsa.” (Machitidwe 2:31, 32, King James Version) Mofananamo, mwa lamulo la Mulungu, Yona anaukitsidwa kuchokera ku helo, ndiko kuti, kuchokera ku chimene chikanakhala manda ake. Zimenezi zinachitika pamene nsombayo inamsanzira pamtunda. Inde anthu angatuluke m’helo! Kunena zowona, lonjezo losangalatsa mtima nlakuti helo (Hade) ayenera kukhuthulidwamo akufa ake onse. Zimenezi zingawonedwe mwa kuwerenga Chivumbulutso 20:13, chimene chimati: “Nyanja inapereka akufa amene anali mmenemo; ndipo imfa ndi helo [Hade] anapereka akufa amene anali ma iwo; ndipo iwo anaweruzidwa munthu aliyense monga momwe mwa ntchito zawo.”—King James Version.

GEHENA NDI NYANJA YA MOTO

13. Kodi ndi liwu Lachigiriki lotani limene limapezeka nthawi 12 m’Baibulo limatembenuzidwa “helo” mu King James Version?

¹³ Komabe munthu wina angatsutse, kuti: ‘Baibulo limanena za moto wahelo ndi nyanja ya moto. Kodi zimenezi sizikutsimikizira kuti helo ndiwo malo a chizunzo?’ Zowona, matembenuzidwe ena Abaibulo, monga ngati King James Version, amatchula “moto wahelo” ndi “kuponyedwa m’helo, m’moto umene sudzadzimidwa.” (Mateyu 5:22; Marko 9:45) Onse pamodzi pali mavesi 12 m’Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki m’mene King James Version amagwiritsira ntchito “helo” kutembenuza liwu Lachigirikilo Gehena. Kodi Gehena alidi malo a chizunzo chamoto, pamenenso kuli kwakuti pamene Hade amatembenuzidwa “helo” amangotanthauza manda?

14. Kodi Gehena nchiyani, ndipo kodi nchiyani chimene chinachitidwa kumeneko?

¹⁴ Mwachiwonekere, liwu Lachihebrilo Sheol ndi liwu Lachigirikilo Hade amatanthauzadi manda. Chabwino, pamenepa, kodi Gehena amatanthauzanji? M’Malemba Achihebri Gehena ndiye “chigwacho Hinomu.” Kumbukirani, Hinomu linali dzina la chigwa kunja pafupi ndi linga la Yerusalemu kumene Aisarayeli anapereka nsembe ana awo pamoto. M’kupita kwa nthawi, Mfumu yabwino Yosiya inachititsa chigwa chimenechi kukhala chosayenerera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kaamba ka kachitidwe koipa koteroko. (2 Mafumu 23:10) Chinasandutsidwa kukhala dzala lalikulu, kapena kotayirako zinyalala ndi kotayako zoipa.

15. (a) M’nthawi ya Yesu, kodi Gehena anagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaamba ka chifuno chotani? (b) Kodi nchiyani chimene sichinaponyedwemo?

¹⁵ Motero mkati mwa nthawi imene Yesu anali pa dziko lapansi Gehena anali kotayako zoipa kwa Yerusalemu. Moto unachititsidwa kuyaka kumeneko mwa kuwonjezera miyala yoyaka (sulfure) kuti utenthe zinyalala. Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, Volume 1, limafotokoza kuti: “Chinakhala dzala la onse [kotaya zinyalala] la mzindawo, kumene mitembo ya apandu, ndi nyama zakufa, ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa chonyansa chinatayidwa.” Komabe, palibe zolengedwa zamoyo zinaponyedwako.

16. Kodi pali umboni wotani wakuti Gehena anagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga chizindikiro cha chiwonongeko chosatha?

¹⁶ Podziwa kotaya zinyalala kwa mzinda wawo, anthu a m’Yerusalemu anazindikira chimene Yesu anatanthauza pamene anauza atsogoleri oipa achipembedzowo kuti: “Njoka inu, obadwa inu a mamba, mudzatha bwanji kuthawa kulanga kwake kwa Gehena?” (Mateyu 23:33) Yesu mwachimvekere sanatanthauze kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo amenewo akazunzidwa. Eya, pamene Aisrayeli anali kutentha ana awo amoyo m’chigwa chimenecho, Mulungu ananena kuti kuchita chinthu chonyansa choterocho sikunalowe mumtima mwake! Motero kunali kwachimvekere kuti Yesu anali kugwiritsira ntchito Gehena monga chizindikiro choyenerera cha chiwonongeko chotheratu ndi chosatha. Iye anatanthauza kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo oipa amenewo sanali oyenerera chiukiriro. Awo omvetsera Yesu anatha kuzindikira kuti awo opita ku Gehena, mofanana ndi zinyalala zochuluka kwambiri, akawonongedwa kosatha.

17. Kodi “nyanja yamoto” nchiyani, ndipo kodi pali umboni wotani wa imeneyi?

¹⁷ Pamenepa, kodi nchiyani chimene chiri “nyanja ya moto” yotchulidwa m’bukhu Labaibulo la Chivumbulutso? Ili ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi lija la Gehena. Simatanthauza chizunzo chodziwa koma imfa yosatha, kapena chiwonongeko. Wonani mmene Baibulo lenilenilo limanenera zimenezi pa Chivumbulutso 20:14: “Ndipo imfa ndi Hade [helo, King James Version ndi Douay Version]zinaponyedwa m’nyanja yamoto. Iyo ndiyo imfa yachiwiri, ndiyo nyanja yamoto.” Inde, nyanja ya moto imatanthauza “imfa yachiwiri,” imfa imene kulibe chiukiriro. Nkwachiwonekere kuti “nyanja” imeneyi ndiyo chizindikiro, chifukwa chakuti imfa ndi helo (Hade) zikuponyedwamo. Imfa ndi helo sizingatenthedwe kwenikweni. Koma izo zingathe kuchotsedwa ndipo zidzachotsedwa, kapena kuwonongedwa.

18. Kodi zimatanthauzanji kuti Mdyerekezi adzazunzidwa kosatha “m’nyanja yamoto”?

¹⁸ ‘Chikhalirechobe Baibulo limanena kuti Mdyerekezi adzazunzidwa kosatha m’nyanja yamoto,’ wina angatero. (Chivumbulutso 20:10) Kodi zimenezi zimatanthauzanji? Pamene Yesu anali padziko lapansi osunga ndende nthawi zina anatchedwa “azunzi.” Monga momwe Yesu ananenera kwa munthu wina mu limodzi la mafanizo ake: “Ndipo mbuye wake anakwiya, nampereka kwa ozunza, kufikira iye atalipira zonse zimene zinali mangawa kwa iye.” (Mateyu 18:34, King James Version) Popeza kuti awo amene akuponyedwa “m’nyanja yamoto” amalowa mu “imfa yachiwiri” ku imene kulibe chiukiriro, iwo, kunena kwake titero, amangidwa kosatha mu imfa. Iwo amakhalabe muimfa monga ngati m’manja mwa osunga ndende kwa umuyaya wonse. Ndithudi, oipa samazunzidwa kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti, monga momwe tawonera, pamene munthu wafa iye amakhala kulibe kotheratu. Iye samadziwa kanthu kalikonse.

MUNTHU WACHUMA NDI LAZALO

19. Kodi tikudziwa motani kuti mawu a Yesu onena za munthu wachuma ndi Lazaro ali fanizo?

¹⁹ Pamenepa, kodi Yesu anatanthauzanji, pamene mu limodzi la mafanizo ake anati: “Wopemphapemphayo anafa, ndipo anatengeredwa ndi angelo pachifuwa cha Abrahamu: munthu wachumayo anafanso, ndipo anaikidwa; ndipo mu helo [Hade] anatukula maso ake, pokhala m’mazunzo, ndi kuwona Abrahamu chauko, ndi Lazalo pachifuwa chake”? (Luka 16:19-31, King James Version) Popeza kuti, monga momwe tawonera, Hade amatanthauza manda a anthu, ndipo osati malo a chizunzo, nkwachiwonekere kuti Yesu panopa anali kusimba fanizo kapena nthano. Monga umboni wowonjezereka wakuti zimenezi siziri nkhani yeniyeni koma ndizo fanizo, lingalirani izi: Kodi helo ndi kumwamba zayandikana kwambiri kotero kuti kukambitsirana kwenikweni koteroko kukatha kuchitidwa? Ndiponso, ngati munthu wachumayo anali m’nyanja yotentha yeniyeni, kodi ndimotani mmene Abrahamu akanatumizira Lazalo kudzaziziritsa lilime lake ndi kadontho chabe ka madzi pansonga ya chala chake? Pamenepa, kodi nchiyani chimene Yesu anali kusonyeza mwa fanizo?

20. Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri tanthauzo la fanizolo ponena za (a) munthu wachuma? (b) Lazalo? (c) kufa kwa aliyense? (d) mazunzo a munthu wachuma?

²⁰ Munthu wachumayo m’fanizolo anaimira atsogoleri achipembedzo odzikuza amene anakana Yesu ndi pambuyo pake kumupha. Lazalo anaphiphiritsira anthu wamba amene analandira Mwana wa Mulungu. Kufa kwa munthu wachuma ndi kwa Lazalo kunaphiphiritsira kusintha mu mkhalidwe wawo. Kusintha kumeneku kunachitika pamene Yesu anadyetsa mwauzimu anthu onga Lazalo onyalanyazidwawo, kotero kuti iwo motero analowa m’chiyanjo cha Abrahamu Wokulirapo, Yehova Mulungu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, atsogoleri achipembedzo onyengawo “anafa” ponena za kukhala ndi chiyanjo cha Mulungu. Pokhala otayidwa, iwo anamva mazunzo pamene atsatiri a Kristu anavumbula ntchito zawo zoipa. (Machitidwe 7:51-57) Motero fanizo limeneli silimaphunzitsa kuti anthu ena akufa akuzunzidwa mu helo wamoto weniweni.

ZIPHUNZITSO ZOUZIRIDWA NDI MDYEREKEZI

21. (a) Kodi ndimabodza otani amene Mdyerekezi wafalitsa? (b) Kodi nchifukwa ninji tingatsimikizire kuti chiphunzitso cha purigatoriyo ndibodza?

²¹ Anali Mdyerekezi amene anauza Hava kuti: “Kufa simudzafai.” (Genesis 3:4; Chivumbulutso 12:9) Koma iye anafadi; palibe mbali yake inapitirizabe kukhalako. Zakuti moyo umapitirizabe kukhalako pambuyo pa imfa ndizo bodza loyambitsidwa ndi Mdyerekezi. Ndipo lirinso bodza, limene Mdyerekezi wachititsa kufala, kuti miyoyo ya oipa imazunzidwa mu helo kapena purigatoriyo. Popeza kuti Baibulo limasonyeza mwachimvekere kuti akufa ngosadziwa kanthu, ziphunzitso zimenezi sizingakhale zowona. Kwenikweni, ngakhale liwulo “purigatoriyo” kapena lingaliro la purigatoriyo silikupezeka m’Baibulo.

22. (a) Kodi taphunziranji m’mutu uno? (b) Kodi chidziwitso chimenecho chakhala ndi chiyambukiro chotani pa inu?

²² Tawona kuti helo (Sheol, kapena Hade) ndimalo a kupuma moyembekezera a akufa. Anthu abwino ndi oipa omwe amapita kumeneko, kukayembekezera chiukiriro. Taphunziranso kuti Gehena samatanthauza malo a chizunzo, koma amagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Baibulo monga chizindikiro cha chiwonongeko chosatha. M’njira imodzimodziyo, “nyanja yamoto” siri malo enieni amoto, koma imaimira “imfa yachiwiri” ku imene sikudzakhala chiukiriro. Helo sangakhale malo a chizunzo chifukwa chakuti lingaliro loterolo silinalowe m’maganizo kapena mtima wa Mulungu. Ndiponso, kuzunza munthu kwamuyaya chifukwa chakuti iye analakwa padziko kapansi kwa zaka zowerengeka nkosemphana ndi chilungamo. Kuli bwino motani nanga kudziwa zowona ponena za akufa! Kungamasuledi munthu ku mantha ndi kukhulupirira malaulo.—Yohane 8:32.

[Bokosi patsamba 83]

Liwu Lachihebrilo “Sheol” ndi liwu Lachigirikilo “Hade amatanthauza chinthu chimodzi

American Standard Version

Salmo 16:10

Machitidwe 2:31

31 Iye powoneratu zimenezi analankhula za chiukiriro cha Kristu, kuti iye sanasiyidwe m’Hade, ngakhale thupi lake kuwona chivundi.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 84, 85]

Atamezedwa ndi nsomba, kodi nchifukwa ninji Yona anati: ‘Ndinalira m’mimba mwa helo’?

[Chithunzi patsamba 86]

Gehena anali chigwa kunja kwa Yerusalemu. Anagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga chizindikiro cha imfa yosatha