Mabanja Opembedza Akale​—Chitsanzo cha Tsiku Lathu

BANJA​—United Nations inayesa kuchititsa dziko kusumika chisamaliro pa ilo. Motani? Mwa kulengeza 1994 kukhala “Chaka cha Banja cha Dziko Lonse.” Ngakhale kuti atsogoleri a dziko, openda za chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi alangizi a banja afulumira kudandaula ndi zinthu zonga kukula kwa chiŵerengero cha ana apathengo ndi kukwera kwa ziŵerengero za chisudzulo, achedwa kupereka mayankho enieni ogwira ntchito a mavuto amenewo.

Kodi Baibulo lingakhale ndi mayankho a mavuto a m’banja? Kwa ena zingaonekere kukhala zopanda nzeru kunena kuti Baibulo lingathandize m’mabanja amakono. Ndi iko komwe, linalembedwa zaka mazana ambiri zapita mu mkhalidwe ndi mwambo wa ku Middle East. Kumbali zochuluka za dziko, umoyo wasintha kwambiri kuyambira m’nthaŵi za Baibulo. Komabe, Baibulo linauziridwa ndi Yehova Mulungu, amene kuchokera kwa iye banja lililonse alitcha dzina. (Aefeso 3:14, 15 NW; 2 Timoteo 3:16) Kodi Baibulo limanenanji pa mavuto a m’banja?

Yehova amadziŵa bwino kwambiri chimene chikufunika kupangitsa moyo wa banja kukhala wosangalatsa ndi wokhutiritsa. Chotero, Mawu ake, Baibulo, amanena zambiri ponena za moyo wa banja, ena mu mkhalidwe wa chilangizo. Baibulo lilinso ndi zitsanzo za mabanja amene anagwiritsira ntchito miyezo yaumulungu. Chotero, anali okondanadi ndi okhutira. Tiyeni tipende moyo wa banja m’nthaŵi za Baibulo ndi kuona zimene tingaphunzire.

Umutu​—Kodi Uli Vuto?

Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za nkhani ya umutu. M’nthaŵi za ulamuliro wa kholo, amuna onga Abrahamu, Isake, ndi Yakobo anali “mitu ya mabanja” yosatsutsidwa. (Machitidwe 7:8, 9, NW; Ahebri 7:4) The New Manners and Customs of Bible Times, lolembedwa ndi Ralph Gower, limanena kuti: “Banja linali . . . ‘ufumu waung’ono’ umene atate analamulira. Analamulira mkazi, ana, adzukulu, ndi antchito​—aliyense wa m’nyumbayo.” Zoonadi, kaŵirikaŵiri makolowo analinso ndi ulamuliro pa mabanja a ana awo aamuna.​—Yerekezerani ndi Genesis 42:37.

Kodi zimenezi sizinaloleze amuna kupondereza akazi awo ndi ana? Kutalitali. Zoona, Mulungu anauza mkazi woyambayo, Hava kuti: “Udzakhumba mwamuna wako, ndipo iye adzakulamulira iwe.” (Genesis 3:16) Mawu amenewo anasonyeza mmene zinthu zidzakhalira kwa akazi onse okwatiwa, komano sanafotokoze mmene zinthu zidzakhalira pakati pa alambiri oona a Mulungu. Amuna owopa Mulungu anafunikira kukumbukira chifuno choyamba cha Yehova. Yehova analenga mkazi kuti akhale ‘womthangatira ndi womkwaniritsa wake,’ osati kapolo wake. (Genesis 2:20, NW) Chifukwa chakuti amuna opembedza a nthaŵi zakale anazindikira za kugonjera kwawo ndi mangawa awo kwa Mulungu, sanalamulire mwankhanza. M’malo mwa kuchitira akazi awo ndi ana monga akapolo, makolo owopa Mulunguwo anasonyeza chikondi chenicheni.

Lingaliro lachidule la chikondi chimene mofala ana anapatsidwa laperekedwa pa Genesis 50:23. Pamenepo pamafotokoza za adzukulu tubzi a Yosefe kuti: “Anabadwa pa maondo a Yosefe.” Pamene kuli kwakuti zimenezi zingatanthauze kuti Yosefe anavomereza anawo kukhala mbadwa zake, zingatanthauzenso kuti anaseŵera ndi anawo mwachikondi, akumawaseŵeretsa pa maondo ake. Lerolino atate angachite bwino kusonyeza ana awo chikondi chimodzimodzicho.

Monga mitu ya banja, makolo owopa Mulunguwo anasamaliranso zosoŵa zauzimu za mabanja awo. Atangotuluka m’chingalawa Chigumula cha dziko lonse chitatha, “Nowa anamanga guwa la nsembe la Yehova; . . . napereka nsembe zopsereza paguwapo.” (Genesis 8:20; yerekezerani ndi Yobu 1:5.) Abrahamu, kholo lokhulupirikalo anapereka chitsanzo chabwino mwa kulangiza a m’banja mwachindunji. Iye ‘analamulira ana ake ndi banja lake la pambuyo pake, kuti asunge njira ya Yehova, kuchita chilungamo ndi chiweruziro.’ (Genesis 18:19) Motero umutu wachikondi unachirikiza ubwino wakuthupi ndi wauzimu wa mabanja.

Lerolino amuna Achikristu amatsatira chitsanzo chimenechi. Amasonyeza umutu m’nkhani za kulambira mwa kuthandiza mabanja awo kugwirizana ndi zofuna za Mulungu ndi mwa kupereka chitsanzo chabwino iwo eniwo. (Mateyu 28:19, 20; Ahebri 10:24, 25) Mofanana ndi makolowo, amuna ndi atate Achikristu nawonso amapatula nthaŵi ya kupereka malangizo achindunji ku ziŵalo zawo za banja.

Kuchitapo Kanthu Motsimikiza

Pamene anamaliza kulipira ngongole yaikuluyo kwa mpongozi wake, khololo Yakobo anafunsa kuti “Ndidzamanga liti banja langa?” (Genesis 30:30) Mofanana ndi atate onse, Yakobo anapanikizidwa ndi lingaliro la kufuna kupezera zosoŵa za banja lake, ndipo anagwira ntchito zolimba pochita zimenezi. Genesis 30:43 amati: “Munthuyo ndipo anakula kwambiri, nali nazo zoŵeta zambiri, ndi akapolo aamuna ndi aakazi, ndi ngamila, ndi abulu.”

Komabe, zaka zina zitapita, Yakobo atasamukira m’dziko la Kanani, mwachionekere iyeyo sanadziŵe kuti mwana wake wamkazi Dina anakulitsa chizoloŵezi changozi cha kuyanjana ndi Akanani achikunjawo.a (Genesis 34:1) Analepheranso kuchitapo kanthu pamene anadziŵa za zinthu zachikunja zosiyanasiyana zimene zinali m’nyumba mwake. Ngakhale ndi tero, Dina atagwiriridwa chigololo momvetsa chisoni ndi Mkanani, Yakobo anachitapo kanthu motsimikiza. “Chotsani milungu yachilendo ili mwa inu, mudziyeretse,” iye analamula motero.​—Genesis 35:2-4.

Atate Achikristu ayenera kukhala amaso pankhani ya mkhalidwe wauzimu wa mabanja awo. Ngati pali ziwopsezo zina zazikulu pa ubwino wauzimu wa banja, monga ngati mabuku a makhalidwe oipa kapena nyimbo zoipa m’nyumba, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu motsimikiza.

Chokondweretsa nchakuti, akazi achikhulupiriro onga Sara, Rebeka, ndi Rakele nawonso anali ndi chisonkhezero chapadera m’banja. Ngakhale kuti anali ogonjera amuna awo, sanamangike kuti achitepo kanthu pamene kunali koyenera ndi kofunika. Mwachitsanzo, Eksodo 4:24-26 amatiuza kuti pamene Mose ndi banja lake anali kupita ku Igupto, “Yehova [“mngelo wa Yehova,” Septuagint] anakomana naye, nafuna kumupha [mwana wa Mose].” Mwachionekere, mwana wa Moseyo anali pangozi ya kuphedwa chifukwa chakuti Mose analephera kumdula. Zipora anachitapo kanthu mwamsanga ndi kudula mwana wake. Motero mngeloyo anamleka. Akazi Achikristu lerolino angachiteponso kanthu pamene mkhalidwewo uli woyenerera zimenezi.

Malangizo a Atate Pansi pa Chilamulo cha Mose

Mu 1513 B.C.E., nyengo ya ulamuliro wa kholo inatha pamene Israyeli anakhala mtundu. (Eksodo 24:3-8) Atate anapitiriza kutumikira monga mitu ya mabanja. Komabe, lamulo la banja linakhala pansi pa Chilamulo cha mtunduwo choperekedwa ndi Mulungu kwa Mose ndi kuyang’aniridwa ndi oweruza oikidwa. (Eksodo 18:13-26) Gulu la ansembe Achilevi linatenga ntchito ya kupereka nsembe za kulambira. Komabe, atate anapitiriza kuchita mbali yofunika. Mose analimbikitsa kuti: “Mawu awa ndikuuzani lero, azikhala pamtima panu; ndipo muziwaphunzitsa mwachangu kwa ana anu, ndi kuwalankhula awa pokhala pansi m’nyumba zanu, ndi poyenda inu panjira, ndi pogona inu pansi, ndi pouka inu.”​—Deuteronomo 6:6, 7.

Chilamulo chinapereka nyengo, zonga za Paskha, nthaŵi pamene malangizo anaperekedwa ponse paŵiri molinganizidwa ndi mosalinganizidwa. Pamene deti la Paskha, Nisani 14, linayandikira, mabanja Achiyuda anali kuyamba kukonzekera ulendo wawo wa nthaŵi zonse kumka ku Yerusalemu. (Deuteronomo 16:16; yerekezerani ndi Luka 2:41.) Kodi ndi mwana wotani amene akanalephera kutengeka ndi chisangalalo cha kukonzekera kotero? Ulendo weniweniwo unali chinthu chosangalatsa. Panthaŵiyi nyengo ya mvula inali itatha, ndipo dzuŵa la nyengo ya ngululu linali litayamba kutenthetsa kunja. Pamene chipale cha phiri la Hermoni chinasungunuka, Mtsinje wa Yordano unkadzaza.

M’njiramo, atate ankaphunzitsa ana awo osati kokha maimidwe a dziko lawo komanso mbiri yake yochuluka yonena za malo amene anali kudutsamo. Ameneŵa angakhale ataphatikizapo mapiri a Ebala ndi Gerizimu, kumene kunaŵerengedwa matemberero ndi madalitso a Chilamulo. Mwina ankadutsanso Beteli, kumene Yakobo anaona masomphenya ake a makwerero akumwamba. Panali makambitsirano okondweretsa chotani nanga amene ankabuka! Pamene ulendowo unapitirizabe ndipo pamene mabanjawo anagwirizana ndi apaulendo ochokera kumbali zina za dzikolo, onsewo ankasangalala ndi mayanjano omangirira.

Potsirizira pake banja linali kuloŵa mu Yerusalemu, “mokongola mwangwiro.” (Salmo 50:2) Katswiri wina Alfred Edersheim akuti: “Ambiri a apaulendo achipembedzo ameneŵa ayenera kukhala atamanga misasa kunja kwa malinga a mzindawo. Awo amene anakhala mkati mwa malingawo anapatsidwa malo mwaulere.” Inde, Ahebri achichepere anaphunzitsidwa poyamba chikondi cha pa abale ndi kuchereza alendo. Misonkhano ya chaka ndi chaka ya Mboni za Yehova imachita zofananazo lerolino.

Pomalizira pake, Nisani 14 inali kufika. Nyama ya Paskha inali kuphedwa ndi kuwotchedwa kwa maola angapo. Chapafupi ndi pakati pa usiku banja linali kudya mwana wankhosayo, mkate wopanda chotupitsa, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zoŵaŵa. Malinga ndi mwambo wawo mwana wamwamuna anali kufunsa kuti: “Kutumikiraku muli nako nkutani?” Pamenepo atate anali kupereka malangizo amwambo, akumanena kuti: “Ndiko nsembe ya Paskha wa Yehova, amene anapitirira nyumba za ana a Israyeli m’Aigupto, pamene anakantha Aaigupto, napulumutsa nyumba zathu.”​—Eksodo 12:26, 27; 13:8.

Mfumu ya Israyeli Solomo anati: ‘Pali mphindi yakuseka ndi mphindi yakuvina.’ (Mlaliki 3:4) Ana Achiisrayeli anapatsidwa nthaŵi ya kusanguluka. Mwachionekere Yesu Kristu anaonerera ana akuseŵera pa msika. (Zekariya 8:5; Mateyu 11:16) Ndipo sikunali kwachilendo kwa makolo achuma kukonza macheza abanja osangalatsa mmene anali kuimba, kuvina, ndi kudya. (Luka 15:25) Lerolinonso makolo Achikristu amatsogolera pa kusanguluka kwabwino ndi mayanjano a ana awo.

Anakubala ndi Ana m’Chitaganya cha Ayuda

Kodi anakubala anachita mbali yotani pansi pa Chilamulo cha Mose? Miyambo 1:8 inalamula kuti: “Mwananga, tamva mwambo wa atate wako, ndi kusasiya chilangizo cha amako.” Pansi pa ulamuliro wa mwamuna wake, mkazi Wachiyuda anali kugwiritsira ntchito malangizo operekedwa ndi Mulungu m’moyo wa banja. Anafunikira kulemekezedwa ndi ana ake, ngakhale pamene anali wokalamba.​—Miyambo 23:22.

Nakubalayo analinso ndi mbali ina ya thayo lalikulu m’kuphunzitsa ana ake. Iye anali kusamalira khanda pafupifupi payekha kufikira litafika paukulu wofunikira kuletsedwa kuyamwa, zimene mosakayikira zinaumba chikondi cha mayi ndi mwana wake. (Yesaya 49:15) Pamene kuli kwakuti atate anaphunzitsa ana awo aamuna ntchito zawo, anakubala anaphunzitsa ana awo aakazi ntchito zawo za panyumba. Anakubala analinso ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa ana awo aamuna. Mwachitsanzo, Lemueli mfumuyo anapindula ndi “uthenga umene amake anamphunzitsa.”​—Miyambo 31:1.

Mkazi waluso Wachiyuda analinso ndi ufulu wambiri wa ‘kuyang’anira mayendedwe a banja lake.’ Malinga ndi Miyambo 31:10-31, ankatha kugula zinthu za panyumba, kusunga chuma, ndipo ngakhale kukhala ndi bizinesi yaing’ono. Kwa mwamuna woyamikira, mtengo wake ‘unaposa ngale’!

Chitsanzo cha Makono

M’nthaŵi za Baibulo kakonzedwe ka banja kanathandiza pa kukula kwakuthupi ndi kwauzimu kwa ziŵalo zake zonse. Atate anafunikira kusonyeza ulamuliro wawo mwachikondi kuti mabanja awo apindule. Anafunikira kutsogolera m’kulambira. Atate ndi amayi omwe anasonyeza chidwi mwa ana awo​—kuwaphunzitsa ndi kuwalangiza, kulambira nawo, ndi kuwakonzera za kusanguluka. Anakubala opembedza anakhaladi othangata amtengo wapatali, akumalemekeza umutu wa amuna awo pamene kuli kwakuti anali kuchitapo kanthu kaamba ka mabanja awo. Ana omvera anakondweretsa makolo awo ndi Yehova Mulungu. Ndithudi, banja lopembedza la m’nthaŵi za Baibulo linali chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha tsiku lathu.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Banja lanu lingakhale lachimwemwe monga mabanja amene analambira Yehova m’nthaŵi za Baibulo