Yomalizira ya Mphamvu Zazikulu za Dziko

Pamene bukhu la Baibulo la Chivumbulutso linalembedwa, chifupifupi zaka 1,900 zapitazo, ilo linanena kuti “mafumu” asanu, kapena mphamvu zadziko, zinali zitadza kale ndi kupita. Izi zinali Igupto, Asuri, Babulo, Medi-Perisiya, ndi Grisi. Yachisanu ndi chimodzi, Roma, inali ‘idakalipo,’ koma yachisanu ndi chiŵiri inali isanafike. (Chivumbulutso 17:10) Nchiyani chimene chinali mphamvu ya dziko yachisanu ndi chiŵiri imeneyo? Ndimotani mmene iyo inabwerera kukhalapo? Ndipo nchiyani chimene chidzatsatira iyo? Mayankho ku mafunso ofunika koposa amenewa ali mutu wa nkhani ino.

NDANDANDA yaikulu ya mbiri ya dziko pa zaka 2,500 zapitazo inaperekedwa pasadakhale m’bukhu lofalitsidwa mokulira koposa lomwe dziko lidalidziŵapo. Komabe, anthu ochepa kwambiri amene ali ndi kope la bukhu limenelo, Baibulo, ali ndi lingaliro lochepa la chidziŵitso chozizwitsa chimene liri nalo.

Mwachitsanzo, zoposa zaka 500 asanabadwe Yesu Kristu, mneneri Danieli analemba masomphenya ouziridwa mwaumulungu mu amene mphamvu zazikulu zadziko kuyambira panthaŵi yake zinaimiridwa ndi zirombo zamphamvu. Chirombo chirichonse chinali ndi mikhalidwe yamphamvu ya dziko imene chinaimira. Ufumu wamphamvu wa Roma unalongosoledwa monga chirombo chachikulu “chowopsya ndi chochititsa mantha, ndi champhamvu choposa.” Danieli ananena kuti “chinali chosiyana ndi zirombo zonse zidachitsogolera, ndipo chinali ndi nyanga khumi.”​—Danieli 7:2-7.

‘Nyanga Yaing’ono’

M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, Ufumu wa Roma unakula kukwaniritsa gawo lomwe linafutukuka kuyambira ku British Isles kutsika kudutsa mbali yokulira ya Europe, ulendo wonse kuzungulira Mediterranean ndi kupyola Babulo ku Persian Gulf. Ufumu wamphamvu umenewu pomalizira unasweka kukhala mitundu yambiri​—kukhala “nyanga khumi” zimene Danieli anawona.a Kenaka Danieli anawona kuti “pakati pa izo panaphuka nyanga ina, ndiyo yaing’ono patsogolo pake zitatu za nyanga zoyambazi zinazulidwa ndi mizu yomwe.” (Danieli 7:8) Nchiyani chimene ichi chinatanthauza?

Danieli anauzidwa kuti: “Kunena za nyanga khumi, m’ufumu uwu [Roma] udzauka mafumu khumi, ndi pambuyo pawo idzauka yina, [‘nyanga yaing’ono’] iyo idzasiyana ndi oyamba aja, nidzachepetsa mafumu atatu.” (Danieli 7:24) Ndani amene anali ‘nyanga yaing’ono,’ ndipo ndani amene anali mafumu atatu amene iye anawachepetsa?

Chisumbu kungodya ya kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ufumu wa Roma kwa nthaŵi yaitali chinakhala pa mphonje m’zochitika zadziko. Monga mmene katswiri wa mbiri yakale mmodzi analongosolera kuti: “M’zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, England anakhala mphamvu yoikidwa pa malo achiŵiri. Chuma chake chinali chochepera pang’ono kuyerekeza ndi chija cha Netherlands. Chiŵerengero chake cha anthu chinali chochepera koposa chija cha France. Magulu ake ankhondo (kuphatikizapo gulu lake lankhondo la pamadzi) linali lochepera ku lija la Spain.” Komabe, England anakulitsa khamu lankhondo la pamadzi la kufunika kwinakwake, ndipo mbala zake za pa nyanja ndi magulu ankhondo oukira masitima amalonda anayamba kuukira maiko olamulidwa ndi Spain ndi zombo zake zodzazidwa ndi chuma.

Nyanga Zitatu

Mu 1588 Phillip II wa Spain anaponya Spanish Armada molimbana ndi ozunza ake a Chingelezi. Gulu limeneli la zombo 130 zonyamula anthu oposa 24,000 linasambira pang’onopang’ono kukwera English Channel, kokha kukagwa nkhole ku mphepo zosiyana ndi mafunde aukali a Atlantic. Mu Modern Europe to 1870, katswiri wa mbiri yakale Carlton Hayes analemba kuti chochitika chimenechi “chinadziŵikitsa kupambana kosankha kwa upamwamba wa nkhondo ya m’madzi kuchokera ku Spain kupita ku England.”

M’zana la 17, a Dutch anakulitsa malonda a m’madzi a akulu kwambiri m’dziko. Zombo zawo zinalamulira nyanja, ndipo anabwereketsa mapindu awo ku maboma akutali ndipo mofalikira. Koma ndi kukula kwa maiko ake olamuliridwa a kutsidya kwa nyanja, England anapita patsogolo kumenekonso.

Kenaka, m’zana la 18, a British ndi a French anamenyana m’malo omwazikana oterowo onga ngati North America ndi India, kutsogolera ku Pangano la Paris mu 1763. Ponena za ilo, William B. Willcox analemba m’bukhu lake Star of Empire​—A Study of Britain as a World Power kuti ngakhale kuti panganolo linawoneka kukhala chigonjero, “m’chenicheni linazindikira malo ake atsopano a Britain monga mphamvu yolamulira ya ku Europe m’dziko la kutsidya kwa Europe.”

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ena amavomereza, akumanena kuti: “Kwa zaka mazana aŵiri ankhondo ndi maSpaniard, maDutch, ndi maFrench, Great Britain inatuluka mu 1763 monga mphamvu ya patsogolo koposa ya zachuma ndi ulamuliro m’dziko.” (Modern Europe to 1870) “Mu 1763 Ufumu wa Britain unalamulira dziko monga Roma wina wodzutsidwanso ndipo wokulitsidwa.” “Iye anatuluka kuchokera mu nkhondo za mkati mwa zana monga mphamvu ya ufumu waukulu koposa ndi wamphamvu koposa​—ndipo mphamvu yodedwa kotheratu​—m’dziko.” (Navy and Empire, yolembedwa ndi James L. Stokesbury) Inde, ‘nyanga yaing’ono’ imeneyi inakula kukhala mphamvu ya dziko yachisanu ndi chiŵiri m’mbiri ya Baibulo.

Anthu a ku Britain anakwera kunka ku Nile ndi kudutsa Mtsinje wa Zambezi. Iwo anayenda kupita ku Upper Burma, Kumpoto kwa Borneo, ndi zisumbu za Pacific. M’kuwonjezerapo, iwo analamulira Canada, Australia, New Zealand, ndi gombe la kum’mawa kwa North America. “Ufumu wa Roma unali wodzidalira,” analemba tero James Morris mu Pax Britannica. “Ufumu wa Britain unali wofalikira kudutsa dziko lonse lapansi.” Iwo unakhala ufumu waukulu koposa m’mbiri ya mtundu wa munthu, ukumatenga malo chifupifupi kota la mtunda wa dziko lapansi ndipo ndi unyinji wa anthu oposa kota. Chinanenedwa kuti dzuŵa sirinaloŵe mu ulamuliro wake.

Mphamvu ya Mbali Ziŵiri

M’bukhu la Chivumbulutso, mphamvu ya dziko yachisanu ndi chiŵiri imeneyi yalongosoledwanso kukhala ndi “nyanga ziŵiri ngati za mwanawankhosa.” (Chivumbulutso 13:11) Nchifukwa ninji nyanga ziŵiri? Chifukwa chakuti Ufumu wa chiBritish ndi mtundu watsopano wa America, wogwirizana ndi chinenero chofala, maprinsipulo, ndi ndale, mwamsanga anali kugwirira ntchito pamodzi. Iwo anakhala, m’mbali zambiri, mphamvu ya dziko ya mbali ziŵiri yolankhula Chingelezi.

William B. Willcox akuchidziŵikitsa icho mu Star of Empire kuti m’zana la 19 United States, inapatulidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndi gulu lankhondo la chiBritish.” Iye akuwonjezera kuti: “Kwa zana limodzi United States inali ya ufulu kukula kukhala mphamvu yaikulu popanda, kupatulapo kokha mu nkhondo yake ya chiweniweni, gulu lankhondo kapena gulu lankhondo la pamadzi mwa limene mphamvu yaikulu iriyonse inadziŵika nayo.” America “anali wokhoza kupeza kudzipatulako chifukwa chakuti Royal Navy inakhala chochinjirizira chake molimbana ndi mphamvu za chiEurope.” Pambuyo pake, United States inakhalanso mphamvu yaikulu mu nkhondo.

Chitsanzo chowonekera cha ntchito yogwirizana ya Britain ndi America chinawonedwa pa June 6, 1944, pamene funde lankhondo la Dziko II linasintha kumpoto kwa Europe. Pa tsiku limenelo, magulu Othandizana 156,000 a chiBritish, chiAmerica, ndi magulu ena Othandizana analowerera dziko la Europe. Gulu lankhondo losakanizana limeneli linali pansi pa ulamuliro wapamwamba wa nduna ya U.S. ndi ulamuliro wogwira ntchito wolamulira wa bwalo lankhondo la chiBritish​—Eisenhower ndi Montgomery mosiyana. M’kuwonjezerapo, mabomba a atomu omwe anathetsa nkhondo ndi Japan anatulukapo kuchokera ku zoyesayesa zogwirizana za asayansi a chiBritish ndi achiAmerica.

Monga mmene Los Angeles Times ya May 5, 1986, inalozera icho, ngakhale m’nthaŵi za mtendere, Britain ndi America agwirizana “m’nkhani zovuta zoterezo zonga ngati luntha ndi luso la zopangapanga za nyukliya.” Pambuyo pake atagwirizana ndi Canada, Australia, ndi New Zealand, iwo “agawanitsa dziko m’magawo athayo kaamba ka kusonkhanitsa luso ndipo amvana kugawana ngakhale chidziŵitso cha chinsinsi kotheratu.” Nyuzipepala imeneyi inanena kuti pamene kuli kwakuti unansiwo “nthaŵi zonse sunakhale wataŵataŵa,” iwo wakhala “wodziŵika kwambiri kaamba ka kugwirizana kwake koposa ndi kukangana kwake.”

Ambiri a maiko olamuliridwa ndi Britain apeza ufulu ndipo agwirizana m’Mitundu ya Commonwealth. Pamene kuli kwakuti ufumuwo ungakhale utapita, Mphamvu ya Dziko ya Anglo-America idakalipobe. Koma iyo idzakhalapo kokha kwa “kanthaŵi kochepa,” pamene iyerekezedwa ndi mazana ambiri amene mphamvu yapitayo ya Roma inakhala nayo.​—Chivumbulutso 17:10.

Ulamuliro Watsopano wa Dziko Lonse

Ulosi wa Danieli wonena za mphamvu zazikulu zadziko watsimikizira kukhala wowona mkati mwa zaka 2,500 za boma la dziko​—kuyambira isanakwane 500 B.C.E. kufika mu mphamvu ya dziko yachisanu ndi chiŵiri ya m’tsiku lathu. Chotero, tingakhale ndi chidaliro m’mbali yotsalira ya ulosi umenewo. Mbali yosangalatsa koposa iri yakuti sumalongosola mphamvu inanso ya dziko ya umunthu! Chivumbulutso nachonso chinasonyeza kuti padzakhala kokha zisanu ndi ziŵiri.b Kenaka, nchiyani chimene chidzatsatira?

Mutu 7 wa Danieli, womwe umanena ponena za mphamvu zadziko zimenezi, ukupitiriza kulongosola chinachake chozizwitsa koposa​—kusintha kwakukulu m’njira ya kulamulira kwa dziko lapansi! Maulamuliro olephera a umunthu ayenera kutha ndi kulowedwa m’malo ndi wolungama wakumwamba.

Masomphenya a Danieli anamulola iye kuwona mpando wachifumu waukulu wakumwamba wa “Nkhalamba ya Kale Lomwe,” Yehova Mulungu. Wobweretsedwa pamaso pa Ameneyu anali “wina wake monga mwana wa munthu”​—Yesu Kristu woukitsidwayo.c Danieli akulongosola kuti: “Kwa iye kunapatsidwa ulamuliro ndi ulemerero ndi ufumu, kuti anthu onse, ndi mitundu yonse ya anthu, ndi a manenedwe onse amtumikire. Ulamuliro wake ndi ulamuliro wosatha wosapitirira ndi ufumu wake [mosiyana ndi maufumu olephera a umunthu] sudzawonongeka.”​—Danieli 7:9, 10, 13, 14.

Ulosi wa poyambirirapo woperekedwa kwa Danieli wonena za mphamvu zadziko zimodzimodzi zimenezi unanena kuti: “Masiku a mafumu aja Mulungu wa kumwamba adzaika ufumu woti sudzawonongeka ku nthaŵi zonse. . . . Udzaphwanya ndi kutha maufumu awo onse [a umunthu], nudzakhala chikhalire . . . Lotoli nlowona, ndi kumasulira kwake kwakhazikika.”​—Danieli 2:44, 45.

Boma la Ufumu wa Mulungu limeneli liri limodzimodzi kaamba ka limene Yesu anaphunzitsa ife kupemphera. Iye anati: “Chifukwa chake pempherani inu chomwechi: ‘Atate wathu wa kumwamba, dzina lanu liyeretsedwe. Ufumu wanu udze. kufuna kwanu kuchitidwe, monga kumwamba, chomwecho pansi pano.’”​—Mateyu 6:9, 10.

Zidzakhala za chimwemwe chotani nanga nzika zadziko lapansi kukhala pansi pa boma limenelo! Kudzakhala kusintha kuchokera ku kudyeredwa masuku pamutu kwa umunthu kupita ku chilungamo chaumulungu, kuchokera ku njira yopanda ungwiro ya kachitidwe ka zinthu ka munthu kupita ku miyezo yapamwamba ya Mulungu. Chimene Baibulo limanena ponena za kugwira ntchito kwa Ufumuwo chidzakhala mutu wa nkhani ya mtsogolo m’ndandandayi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Kulowerera kwa Magulu Othandizana a Europe pa June 6, 1944, kunali chitsanzo chowonekera cha kugwirizana kwa Anglo-America

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

U.S. Coast Guard photo