Kodi Baibulo Ndi Mbiri Yodalirika?
A NADZUDZULA olamulira ndi ansembe. Anakalipira anthu wamba chifukwa cha kuipa kwawo. Analemba ngakhale zolakwa ndi machimo awo omwe. Anawapitikitsa ndi kuwazunza, ndipo ena anafika ngakhale powapha chifukwa cholankhula ndi kulemba zinthu zoona. Kodi anali ndani amenewo? Anali aneneri a m’Baibulo, amene ambiri analemba nawo Malemba Oyera.—Mateyu 23:35-37.
Page Smith analemba m’buku lake la The Historian and History kuti: “[Polemba mbiri, Ahebri] sanabise za ngwazi zawo monganso mmene sanabisire za zigaŵenga, za iwo eni ndi za adani awo, chifukwa chakuti Mulungu anali kuwayang’anira polemba ndiponso sakanapindula kanthu mwa kubisa zenizeni.” Smith analembanso kuti “poyerekeza ndi nkhani zotopetsa za mafumu ankhondo a Suriya kapena Igupto, nkhani zofotokoza mazunzo a anthu amene Mulungu anawasankha ndi kupambana kwawo . . . n’zosangalatsa kwambiri. Olemba mbiri achihebri anazindikira mbali yofunika kwambiri pa mbiri—kuti amene amaipanga ndi anthu enieni, pamodzi ndi zolakwa ndiponso zoipa zawo.”
Olemba Baibulo analondola kwambiri polemba. Atalipenda Baibulo poliyerekeza ndi mbiri yakale ndiponso zinthu zakale zokumba pansi, wolemba wina dzina lake Werner Keller analemba mawu otsegulira buku lake la mutu wakuti The Bible as History kuti: “Poona umboni wambiri wodalirika ndiponso wosatsutsika womwe ulipo tsopano, . . . mawu awa akuti: ‘Baibulo n’loona basi!’ amangobwerabe m’mutu mwanga.”
Mbiri Yakale Yochititsa Chidwi Yophunzitsa Mfundo Zolimbikitsa
Kwakukulukulu, olemba Baibulo anali anthu wamba—achikumbe, abusa, asodzi. Koma zimene analemba pa zaka pafupifupi 1,600 zathandiza anthu ambiri kusiyana ndi zolemba zina zilizonse, zakale ngakhale zamakono. Ndiponso, anthu osiyanasiyana akhala akuukira zolemba zawozo koma osaphula kanthu. (Yesaya 40:8; 1 Petro 1:25) Panopo anthu angaŵerenge Baibulo lonse lathunthu kapena zigawo zake m’zinenero pafupifupi 2,200—kuposeratu buku lina lililonse! N’chifukwa chiyani Baibulo lili lopambana choncho? Malemba otsatirawa athandiza poyankha funso limenelo.
“Lemba lililonse adaliuzira Mulungu, ndipo lipindulitsa pa chiphunzitso, chitsutsano, chikonzero, chilangizo cha m’chilungamo: kuti munthu wa Mulungu akhale woyenera, wokonzeka kuchita ntchito iliyonse yabwino.”—2 Timoteo 3:16, 17.
“Zonse zinalembedwa kale zinalembedwa kutilangiza, kuti mwa chipiriro ndi chitonthozo cha malembo, tikhale ndi chiyembekezo.”—Aroma 15:4.
“Izi zinachitika kwa iwoŵa [Aisrayeli] monga zotichenjeza, ndipo zinalembedwa kutichenjeza ife [Akristu], amene matsirizidwe a nthaŵi ya pansi pano adafika pa ife.”—1 Akorinto 10:11.
Inde, Baibulo n’lapamwamba kuposa mabuku ena onse pokhala louziridwa ndi Mulungu ndiponso pokhala ndi mbiri ya anthu—ena amene anam’kondweretsa Mulunguyo ndi ena amene sanam’kondweretse. Si mndandanda wa malamulo ongolamula kuti chita chakuti ndipo usachite chakuti kapena buku la nthano zosangalatsa zouza ana. N’zoona kuti Mulungu anagwiritsa ntchito anthu polemba, koma zimenezi zinangowonjeza mphamvu ya Baibulo kuti likhale losangalatsa kwambiri moti lafika pamtima pa oliŵerenga m’mibadwo yosiyanasiyana. William Albright, katswiri wa zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi, ananena kuti: “Mfundo zapamwamba za khalidwe ndiponso zauzimu za m’Baibulo, limene lili vumbulutso lapadera la Mulungu kwa anthu lodzera m’zochitika za anthu, zili zoonadi lerolino ngati mmene zinalili zaka [2000] kapena [3000] zapitazo.”
Pochitira chitsanzo phindu la Baibulo losatha pankhani imeneyi, tiyeni tibwerere kumbuyo poyamba penipeni pa mbiri ya anthu—kumene Baibulo lokha ndilo lingatiuze—tione zinthu zofunika zimene tingaphunzire m’buku la Genesis.
Zimene Nkhani Yakaleyo Ikutiphunzitsa Panthaŵi Yoyenera
Mwa zina, buku la Genesis limavumbula chiyambi cha anthu, mayina awo ndi zina zonse. Pankhani imeneyi palibe buku lina la mbiri yakale limene limafotokoza zinthu zomveka ngati limeneli. ‘Koma kodi phindu lake n’chiyani lerolino lodziŵira makolo athu oyamba?’ mungafunse choncho. Zili ndi phindu lalikulu chifukwa povumbula kuti anthu onse—osayang’ana za khungu, fuko, kapena mtundu—anachokera kwa kholo limodzi, buku la Genesis limachotseratu chifukwa chilichonse chochitira tsankho.—Machitidwe 17:26.
Buku la Genesis limalangizanso za makhalidwe. Lili ndi nkhani ya Sodomu, Gomora ndi mizinda yoyandikana nayo, imene Mulungu anawononga chifukwa chakuti anthu okhalamo anali atasiya njira yachibadwa ya kugonana. (Genesis 18:20–19:29) Buku la m’Baibulo la Yuda, vesi 7 limati: ‘Sodoma ndi Gomora, ndi midzi yakuizungulira, potsatana nayoyo, idadzipereka kudama, ndi kutsata zilakolako zachilendo, iikidwa chitsanzo [chotichenjeza, NW].’ Mulungu sanawapatse anthu a Sodomu ndi Gomora malamulo a chikhalidwe; komabe, iwo anali ndi mphamvu ya chikumbumtima yochokera kwa Mulungu ngati anthu ena onse. Choncho, mpake kuti Mulungu anawaimba mlandu anthu amenewo chifukwa cha zochita zawo. (Aroma 1:26, 27; 2:14, 15) Chimodzimodzinso masiku ano, Mulungu adzawaimba mlandu anthu onse chifukwa cha zochita zawo, kaya avomereza Mawu ake, Baibulo Lopatulika, kapena ayi.—2 Atesalonika 1:8, 9.
Zimene Mbiri Yakale Imatiphunzitsa pa Nkhani Yopulumuka
Chosema chimene chili pachipilala cha Arch of Titus ku Rome chimasonyeza asilikali a ku Rome atanyamula zotengera zopatulika za kukachisi wa ku Yerusalemu mzindawo utawonongedwa mu 70 C.E. Ayuda oposa miliyoni imodzi anaphedwa. Komabe, Akristu omvera anapulumuka chifukwa chakuti Yesu anawachenjezeratu kuti: “Pamene paliponse mudzaona Yerusalemu atazingidwa ndi magulu a ankhondo, zindikirani pamenepo kuti chipululutso chake chayandikira. Pamenepo iwo ali m’Yudeya athaŵire kumapiri, ndi iwo ali m’kati mwa uwo atuluke, ndi iwo ali kumiraga asaloŵemo. Chifukwa ameneŵa ndi masiku akubwezera, kuti zonse zidalembedwa zichitike.”—Luka 21:20-22.
M’malo mongokhala mbiri ya zochitika zakale basi, chisautso cha Yerusalemu chinaphiphiritsa zochitika za chisautso chachikulu chimene chidzakantha dziko lonse posachedwapa. Koma padzakhalanso opulumuka. Ameneŵa akuwatchula kuti “khamu lalikulu . . . ochokera mwa mtundu uliwonse, ndi mafuko ndi anthu ndi manenedwe.” “Akutuluka m’chisautso chachikulu” chifukwa cha kukhulupirira kwawo mwazi wokhetsedwa wa Yesu—chikhulupiriro chozikidwa zolimba pa mbiri yolembedwa m’Baibulo ndi ulosi.—Chivumbulutso 7:9, 14.
Zochitika M’mbiri Zimene Sizidzachitikanso
Masiku ano tikukhala m’nthaŵi imene Ulamuliro Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Britain ndi America ukulamulira, ulamuliro womaliza mu ulosi wam’Baibulo. Mbiri ikusonyeza kuti nawonso ulamuliro umenewu utha ngati mmene zinakhalira ndi maulamuliro ena oyambawo. Koma kodi utha bwanji? Malinga n’kunena kwa Baibulo, kutha kwa ulamuliro umenewu kudzakhala kosiyana ndithu. Poneneratu za chaka cha 1914 C.E., Danieli 2:44 ananena za maulamuliro andale, kapena kuti “maufumu” kuti: “Masiku a mafumu aja Mulungu wa Kumwamba adzaika ufumu woti sudzawonongeka ku nthaŵi zonse, ndi ulamuliro wake sudzasiyidwira mtundu wina wa anthu, koma udzaphwanya ndi kutha maufumu awo onse. Nudzakhala chikhalire.”
Inde, Ufumu wa Mulungu—boma lake lakumwamba limene mtsogoleri wake ndi Kristu Yesu—lidzachotseratu mbali iliyonse ya ulamuliro wopondereza wa anthu pa Armagedo, pachimake penipeni pa “chisautso chachikulu” chimene tatchula kale. Kenaka, Ufumu umenewu “sudzasiyidwira mtundu wina wa anthu,” kutanthauza kuti kulibe amene adzaugonjetsa kapena kuuvotera kuti uchoke pampando. Ulamuliro wake udzakhala “kufikira malekezero a dziko lapansi.”—Salmo 72:8.
Pomaliza, ulamuliro wankhanza wobwerezabwereza wa chipembedzo chonyenga, wa andale opondereza, ndi wa amalonda adyera udzatha. Salmo 72:7 limalonjeza kuti: “Wolungama adzakhazikika; ndi mtendere wochuluka, kufikira sipadzakhala mwezi.” Sipadzakhala umbombo ndi kunyada koma chikondi, umene ndi mkhalidwe waukulu wa Mulungu, udzafalikira padziko lonse. (1 Yohane 4:8) Yesu anati: “Mukondane wina ndi mnzake.” Pankhani imeneyi, Will Durant yemwe ndi wolemba mbiri anati: “Chofunika kwambiri chimene ndaphunzira pa mbiri ya anthu n’chimene Yesu anaphunzitsa. . . . Chikondi ndiye chinthu chothandiza kwambiri m’dziko.”
Chikondi chake Mulungu chinam’sonkhezera kuuzira Baibulo kuti alilembe. Baibulo lokhalo limafotokoza zinthu zakale, za panopo, ndi za m’tsogolo zomvekadi bwino. Chonde mverani uthenga wake wopatsa moyo mwa kupeza nthaŵi yokwanira yophunzira Baibulo. Kuti zimenezo zitheke ndiponso pomvera lamulo la Yesu, Mboni za Yehova zimauzako anzawo “uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu.” Posachedwapa uthenga wabwino umenewu sudzakhala ulosi basi, koma udzakhalanso mbiri yeniyeni ya zochitika.—Mateyu 24:14.
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 9]
“Baibulo n’loona basi!”—WERNER KELLER
[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 11]
“Mfundo zapamwamba za khalidwe ndiponso zauzimu za m’Baibulo, . . . zili zoonadi lerolino ngati mmene zinalili zaka [2000] kapena [3000] zapitazo.”—WILLIAM ALBRIGHT, KATSWIRI WA ZINTHU ZAKALE ZOKUMBIDWA PANSI
[Chithunzi patsamba 9]
Mwala wa Moabu: Umanena za nkhani ya Mfumu Mesa yonena za nkhondo ya Amoabu ndi Aisrayeli (2 Mafumu 3:4-27), mayina osiyanasiyana a malo a m’Baibulo, ndi dzina la Mulungu m’zilembo zakalekale zachihebri.
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Ndalama ya dinari yasiliva: Imasonyeza chithunzi ndi malemba a Tiberiya Kaisara (Marko 12: 15-17).
Mbiri ya Nabonidasi: Mwala wolembedwa mozokota umene umanena za kugonjetsedwa mwadzidzidzi kwa Babulo ndi Koresi. (Danieli, chaputala 5)
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Tinajambula chithunzicho mwa chilolezo cha a British Meseum.
Mwala: Umasonyeza dzina la Pontiyo Pilato m’Chilatini.
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Chithunzi © Israel Meseum, Jerusalem; mwa chilolezo cha a Israel Antiquities Authority.
Mpukutu wa ku Nyanja Yakufa: Kufufuza malembo a Yesaya kwasonyeza kuti bukuli silinasinthe m’pang’ono pomwe pazaka 1,000 mmene limakopedwanso pamanja.
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Shrine of the Book, Israel Meseum, Jerusalem.
[Chithunzi patsamba 10]
Chosema chimene chili pachipilala cha “Arch of Titus” chimatsimikizira chiwonongeko cha Yerusalemu mu 70 C.E.
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma