Chisinthiko

Tanthauzo: Chisinthiko cha zinthu zamoyo chiri chiphunzitso chakuti zinthu zoyamba zamoyo zinachokera m’kanthu kopanda moyo. Pamenepo, kukunenedwa kuti, pamene kanatulutsanso zinthu zina, kanasinthika kukhala mitundu ina ya zamoyo, potsirizira pake kutulutsa mipangidwe yonse ya zomera ndi nyama zimene zakhalako chiyambire padziko lino lapansi. Zonsezi zikunenedwa kukhala zitakwaniritsidwa popanda kuloŵerera koposa kwaumunthu kwa Mlengi. Anthu ena amayesayesa kugwirizanitsa kukhulupirira Mulungu ndi chisinthiko, akumanena kuti Mulungu analenga kupyolera mwa chisinthiko, kuti iye anachititsa kukhalapo kwa mipangidwe yoyamba yosatsungula ya moyo ndi kuti pambuyo pake mipangidwe yotsungula kwambiri ya moyo, kuphatikizapo munthu, inatulutsidwa kudzera mwa chisinthiko. Sichiri chiphunzitso cha Baibulo.

Kodi chisinthiko chiridi chausayansi?

“Dongosolo la sayansi” liri lotere: Kupenda chimene chimachitika; pamaziko a mapendedwe amenewo, kupanga chiphunzitso cha chimene chingakhale chowona; kuyesa chiphunzitsocho mwa mapendedwe ena ndi kuyesa; ndi kuyang’anitsitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zonenedweratu zozikidwa pa chiphunzitsocho zikukwaniritsidwa. Kodi iri ndiro dongosolo lotsatiridwa ndi okhulupirira ndi kuphunzitsa chisinthiko?

Katswiri wophunzira zakuthambo Robert Jastrow amati: “Mowachititsa manyazi [asayansi] alibe yankho lachindunji, chifukwa chakuti akatswiri osanganiza mankhwala sanapeze konse chipambano m’kutulutsanso zoyesayesa zachilengedwe pakulengedwa kwa moyo kuchokera m’chinthu chopanda moyo. Asayansi samadziŵa mmene zimenezo zinachitikira.”—The Enchanted Loom: Mind in the Universe (New York, 1981), p. 19.

Wokhulupirira chisinthiko Loren Eiseley anavomereza kuti: “Pambuyo pa kudzudzula wophunzira zaumulungu kaamba ka kudalira kwake panthanthi ndi chozizwitsa, sayansi inadzipeza iri mu mkhalidwe wothetsa nzeru wa kufunikira kudzipangira nthanthi yake: yakuti, kuyerekezera kwakuti, chimene sichikatsimikiziridwa kuchitika lerolino pambuyo pa kuyesayesa kwa nthaŵi yaitali, chinachitika m’nthaŵi yamakedzana.”—The Immense Journey (New York, 1957), p. 199.

Mogwirizana ndi New Scientist: “Chiŵerengero chowonjezereka cha asayansi, makamaka chiŵerengero chomakulakula koposa cha okhulupirira chisinthiko . . . chikutsutsa kuti chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko cha Darwin sichiri konse chiphunzitso cha sayansi yowona. . . . Unyinji wa osuliza uli ndi maumboni anzeru apamwamba koposa.”—June 25, 1981, p. 828.

Katswiri wasayansi yampangidwe (physicist) H. S. Lipson anati: “Kulongosoka kokha kovemerezedwa ndiko chilengedwe. Ndidziŵa kuti aka nkonyansa kwa akatswiri asayansi yampangidwe, monga momwedi kaliridi kwa ine, koma sitiyenera kukana chiphunzitso chimene sitimakonda ngati umboni wa kufufuza uyichirikiza.” (Kanyenye wawonjezeredwa.)—Physics Bulletin, 1980, Vol. 31, p. 138.

Kodi ochirikiza chisinthikowo amavomerezana? Kodi maumboniwa amakupangitsani kulingalira motani ponena za zimene amaphunzitsa?

Mawu oyamba a kope la zana la The Origin of Species ya Darwin (London, 1956) amati: “Monga momwe tikudziŵira, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri ophunzira za moyo, osati kokha ponena za magwero achisinthiko komanso za mchitidwe weniweniwo. Kusiyanaku kulipo chifukwa chakuti umboni ngwosakhutiritsa ndipo sumapereka mpata wa kunena kotsimikizirika kulikonse. Chifukwa chake kuli kolungama ndi koyenera kusonyeza anthu onse osadziŵa sayansi kusagwirizana kwa chisinthiko.”—Lolembedwa ndi W. R. Thompson, amene kale anali mtsogoleri wa Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada.

“Zaka zana limodzi pambuyo pa imfa ya Darwin, tikali chikhalirebe opanda ngakhale lingaliro laling’ono koposa lokhoza kusonyezeka kapena ngakhale lachiphamaso ponena za mmene kwenikweni chisinthiko chinachitikira—ndipo m’zaka zaposachedwapa zimenezi zachititsa mipambo yapadera ya mikangano ponena za funso lonselo. . . . Pali mkhalidwe wa pafupifupi nkhondo yapoyera ya kagulu ka achisinthiko eniwo, mtundu uliwonse wa kagulu ka [achisinthiko] ukumasonkhezera masinthidwe atsopano.”—C. Booker (wolemba London Times), The Star, (Johannesburg), April 20, 1982, p. 19.

Magazine asayansi otchedwa Discover anati: “Chisinthiko . . . sichiri kuukiridwa kokha ndi Akristu okhulupirira Baibulo, koma chikukaikiridwanso ndi asayansi otchuka. Pakati pa akatswiri a zokwiriridwa, asayansi amene amaphunzira cholembedwa cha zokwiriridwa zakalekale, pali kusagwirizana komakulakula.”—October 1980, p. 88.

Kodi cholembedwa cha zokwiriridwa zakale chimachirikiza lingaliro lotani?

Darwin anavomereza kuti: “Ngati mitundu yochulukayo ya zamoyo . . . inayambadi kukhala ndi moyo panthaŵi imodzimodzi, chenicheni chimenecho chikanakhala chakupha ku chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko.” (The Origin of Species, New York, 1902, Mbali Yachiŵiri, p. 83) Kodi umboni ukusonyeza kuti “mitundu ya zamoyo yochulukayo” inakhalako panthaŵi imodzimodzi, kapena kodi umasonya ku kukula kwapang’onopang’ono, monga momwe chikunenera chisinthiko?

Kodi kwapezeka zokwiriridwa pansi zakale zokwanira zoti nkufikitsa pa chosankha chotsimikizirika?

Wasayansi wa pa Smithsonian Institution Porter Kier amati: “Pali zokwiriridwa pansi zakale mamiliyoni zana, zonse zondandalikidwa ndi zolekanitsidwa, m’mamyuziyamu padziko lonse.” (New Scientist, January 15, 1981, p. 129) A Guide to Earth History imawonjezera kuti: “Mwa chithandizo cha zokwiriridwa pansi zakale akatswiri a zokwiriridwa pansi zakale tsopano angakhoze kutipatsa chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha moyo m’nyengo zapita.”—(New York, 1956), Richard Carrington, Mentor edition, p. 48.

Kodi nchiyani chimene cholembedwa cha zokwiriridwa pansi zakale kwenikweni chimasonyeza?

Bulletin ya Field Museum of Natural History ya ku Chicago inanena kuti: “Nthaŵi zonse chiphunzitso cha Darwin cha [chisinthiko] chagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi umboni wochokera ku zokwiriridwa pansi zakale, ndipo mwinamwake anthu ambiri amayerekezera kuti zokwiriridwa pansi zakalezo zimapereka mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chigomeko chodziŵika chopangidwira kuchirikiza kutanthauzira kwa Darwin kwa chiyambi cha moyo. Mwachisoni, zimenezi siziri zowona kotheratu. . . . cholembedwa cha sayansi yamathanthwe panthaŵiyo chinalibe ndipo chikali chikhalirebe chopanda mtandadza wondandalikidwa bwino wa chisinthiko chochitika pang’onopang’ono ndi mopita patsogolo.”—January 1979, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 22, 23.

A View of Life imati: “Kuyambira pachiyambi cha nyengo ya Kuphunzira za Mathanthwe ndi kumka mtsogolo kupitirira pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni 10, magulu onse aakulu a mafupa olumikizanitsidwa anayamba kuwonekera kwa nthaŵi yoyamba mu mpangidwe wapamwamba koposa mwanjira yosiyanasiyana kuposa zonse zolembedwa paplaneti lathuli.”—(California, 1981), Salvador E. Luria, Stephen Jay Gould, Sam Singer, p. 649.

Katswiri wophunzira zinthu zokwiriridwa pansi zakale Alfred Romer analemba kuti: “Pansi pa iyi [nyengo imeneyi ya Kuphunzira za Mathanthwe], pali zidutswa zokhuthala mwanjira zosiyanasiyana zambirimbiri zimene makolo a zinyama panthaŵi ya Kuphunzira za Mathanthwe akayembekezeredwa kukhalamo. Koma sitimawapeza; mitundu yakalekale imeneyi iri pafupifupi youma ndi yopanda umboni wa moyo, ndipo chithunzithunzi chonsecho chinganenedwe bwino lomwe kukhala chogwirizana ndi lingaliro la chilengedwe chapadera pachiyambi cha nthaŵi ya Kuphunzira za Mathanthwe.”—Natural History, October 1959, p. 467.

Katswiri wa sayansi ya zinyama Harold Coffin akufotokoza kuti: “Ngati chisinthiko chopita patsogolo kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi kufikira ku zocholoŵana chiri cholondola, makolo a zolengedwa zamoyo zokula mokwanira za m’nyengo ya Kuphunzira za Mathanthwe ayenera kupezeka; komatu iwo sanapezeke ndipo asayansi akuvomereza kuti pali chiyembekezo chochepa chakuti izo zidzapezeka konse. Pamaziko a maumboni okha, pamaziko a zimene kwenikweni zidzapezedwa m’dziko lapansi, chiphunzitso cha kulengedwa mwadzidzidzi mu imene mipangidwe yaikulu ya moyo inayambidwa njoyenerera koposa.”—Liberty, September/October 1975, p. 12.

M’bukhu lake lotchedwa Cosmos, Carl Sagan akuvomereza motsimikiza kuti: “Umboni wa zokwiriridwa pansi zakale ukakhala wogwirizana ndi lingaliro la Wolinganiza Wamkulu.”—(New York, 1980), p. 29.

Kodi kungakhale kwakuti mchitidwe wa chisinthiko unachitika monga chotulukapo cha masinthidwe, ndiko kuti, masinthidwe aakulu adzidzidzi m’ziyambi (majini)?

Science Digest imati: “Akatswiri okonzanso chisinthiko amakhulupirira kuti masinthidwe aakulu (m’majini) m’ziyambi zolamulira kubala angakhale zipangizo zawo zokha za kusintha kwadzidzidzi zimene chiphunzitsochi chimafunikira.” Komabe, magazinewo anagwiranso mawu katswiri wa sayansi ya zinyama Wachibritishi Colin Patterson, kukhala akufotokoza kuti: “Chikaikiro chiripo. Sitimadziŵa kanthu za ziyambi zolamulira kubala zazikulu zimenezi.” (February 1982, p. 92) Mwa mawu ena, palibe umboni wochirikiza chiphunzitsochi.

The Encyclopedia Americana imavomereza kuti: “Chenicheni chakuti masinthidwe ambiri ngovulaza ku ziŵalo chimachititsa kuti kuwonekere kukhala kovuta kugwirizanitsa ndi lingaliro lakuti masinthidwewo ndiwo magwero a zipangizo za chisinthiko. Ndithudi, zithunzithunzi za zosinthidwa zosonyezedwa m’mabukhu asayansi yazamoyo zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zomera kapena nyama zosapangidwa bwino ndipo masinthidwe amawonekera kukhala mchitidwe wowononga mmalo mwa kukhala womanga.”—(1977), Vol. 10, p. 742.

Bwanji za “anthu onga anyani” amenewo ojambulidwa m’mabukhu asukulu, a nazonse ndi m’mamyuziyamu?

“Mnofu ndi ubweya wa zinthu zojambulidwa zotero zimatofunikira kudzadzidwamo mwa kungoyerekezera. . . . Mawonekedwe a khungu; mtundu, mapangidwe, ndi kameredwe katsitsi; mpangidwe wa kaimidwe kathupi; ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope—sitimadziŵa chirichonse kotheratu ponena za anthu amenewa isanayambe mbiri.”—The Biology of Race (New York, 1971), James C. King, pp. 135, 151.

“Malingaliro a akatswiri ojambula mbiri ngozikidwa kwakukulukulu pa kuyerekezera osati paumboni. . . . Akatsiwiri ojambula afunikira kupeka kanthu kena pakati pa nyani ndi munthu; pamene chithunzi cha chitsanzocho chinenedwa kukhala chachikale kwambiri, ndipamenenso amachipanga kukhala chofanana ndi nyani mokulirapo.”—Science Digest, April 1981, p. 41.

“Monga momwedi tikuphunzirira mwapang’onopang’ono kuti anthu akale sanali kwenikweni mbuli, chotero tiyenera kuphunzira kuzindikira kuti amuna oyambirira a m’Nyengo Yaaisi sanali kaya zirombo zankhalwe kapena ofanana ndi anyani kapena opinimbira. Chifukwa chake pali kupusa kosafotokozeka kwa zoyesayesa zonse za kupanganso munthu ndi mafupa a ku Neanderthal kapena ngakhale munthu wa ku Peking.”—Man, God and Magic (New York, 1961), Ivar Lissner, p. 304.

Kodi mabukhu ophunziridwa samafotokoza chisinthiko kukhala chotsimikizirika?

“Asayansi ambiri amagonjera ku chiyeso cha kukhala onena motsimikiza, . . . funso lonena za chiyambi cha anthu laperekedwa mobwerezabwereza monga ngati kuti potsirizira pake linathetsedwa. Limenelo ndi bodza la mkunkhuniza. . . . Koma chikhoterero cha kunena motsimikizira chikupitiriza, ndipo sichimatumikira chirichose kusayansi.”—The Guardian, London, England, December 4, 1980, p. 15.

Koma kodi sikuli kwanzeru kukhulupirira kuti chinthu chirichonse padziko lapansi chinalengedwa m’masiku asanu ndi limodzi?

Pali magulu ena a chipembedzo amene amaphunzitsa kuti Mulungu analenga zinthu zonse m’masiku asanu ndi limodzi a maora 24. Koma zimenezo sindizo zimene Baibulo limanena.

Genesis 1:3-31 amasimba mmene Mulungu anakonzera dziko lapansi limene linaliko kale kuti anthu akhalemo. Iro limanena kuti zimenezi zinachitika m’nyengo ya masiku asanu ndi limodzi, koma silimanena kuti amenewa anali masiku a maora 24. Sikwachilendo kuti munthu atchule “tsiku la agogo ake,” kutanthauza nthaŵi yonse ya moyo wa munthuyo. Choteronso, kaŵirikaŵiri Baibulo limagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “tsiku” kufotokoza nthaŵi ya nyengo yaitali. (Yerekezerani ndi 2 Petro 3:8.) Motero moyenerera ‘masiku’ a Genesis chaputala 1 angakhale ndi utali wa zaka zikwi.

Kaamba ka maumboni ena, wonani tsamba 78.

Ngati Wina Anena Kuti—

‘Ndimakhulupirira chisinthiko’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti Mulungu anali ndi mbali iriyonse m’kulenga, kapena kodi mumakhulupirira kuti kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni kuyambika kwa moyo kunali chinthu choyambika chokha kotheratu? (Pamenepo pitirizani modalira pa zimene munthuyo anena.)’

Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Sikukakhala koyenera kukana kanthu kena kamene katsimikiziridwa mokwanira kukhala chowonadi cha sayansi, kodi sichoncho? . . . Panopa ndiri ndi ndemanga za asayansi zimene ziri zokondweretsa kwambiri ponena za mfundoyi. (Gwiritsirani ntchito mawu a patsamba 99, 100, pamutu waung’ono wakuti “Kodi chisinthiko chiridi chausayansi?” kapena pa tsamba 100, pamutu wakuti “Kodi ochirikiza chisinthikowo amavomerezana? . . . ”)’

Kuthekera kwina: ‘Ngati pali umboni wolimba wotsimikizira chinthu, ndicho chimene tonsefe tiyenera kukhulupirira, kodi sichoncho? . . . Ndikukumbukira m’mabukhu anga ophunzira kusukulu kuti zithunzithunzi za zokwiriridwa pansi zakale zinaperekedwa kuchirikiza chisinthiko. Koma kuyambira panthaŵiyo ndaŵerenga ndemanga zokondweretsa kwambiri za asayansi zonena za cholembedwa cha zokwiriridwa pansi zakale. Ndiri ndi zina za izo pano. (Gwiritsirani ntchito mawu a patsamba 101, 102, pamutu waung’ono wakuti “Kodi cholembedwa cha zokwiriridwa zakale chimachirikiza lingaliro lotani?”)’

Lingaliro lowonjezereka: ‘Kodi ndalondola kunena kuti ndinu munthu wokonda kuyang’anizana ndi moyo monga momwedi uliri? . . . Inenso ndimatero.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Ngati ndiyenda m’nkhalango ndi kupeza kuti mitengo ina ndi miyala zinapangidwa kukhala nyumba, kuyenera kukhala kwachiwonekere kwa ine kuti panali munthu wina ine ndisanafikepo anaimanga; eti? . . . Koma, tsopano, kodi kukakhala koyenera kwa ine kunena kuti maluŵa omera m’mphepete mwa nyumbayo anangokhalako okha? Ngati ndilingalira motero ndifunikira kuyang’anitsitsa ndi kuwona kulinganizika kocholoŵanako, chifukwa chakuti ndimadziŵa kuti chiri chowonadi chenicheni chakuti pamene pali cholinganizidwa payenera kukhala wolinganiza. Zimenezi ndizo zimene Baibulo limatiuza pa Ahebri 3:4.’

Kapena mungayankhe kuti (munthu wachikulire): ‘Amodzi a malingaliro enieni m’chisinthiko ndiwo akuti chimachititsa kupita patsogolo kwa munthu, kukula kwake kufika pamene iye ali lerolino, si choncho?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Ndinu munthu amene wakhala ndi moyo kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kodi mukukumbukira mmene zinthu zinaliri pamene munali kamwana? Kodi panali upandu wochuluka monga momwe uliri tsopano? . . . Kodi inu munafunikira nthaŵi zonse kusunga khomo liri lokhomedwa loko? . . . Kodi mukanena kuti anthu kalero anasonyeza nkhaŵa yokulirapo kaamba ka anansi awo, ndi nkhalamba, koposa mmene amachitira lerolino? . . . Chotero, pamene kuli kwakuti pakhalapo kupita patsogolo m’mbali za luso lazopangapanga, anthu enieniwo akuwonekera kukhala akutaikiridwa ndi ina ya mikhalidwe yawo yofunika koposa. Kodi nchifukwa ninji zimenezi ziri choncho?’ (2) ‘Ndikupeza kuti zenizeni zamoyo zimenezi zomwe tonsefe tawona zikugwirizana ndi zimene zalembedwa pano m’Baibulo pa Aroma 5:12. . . . Chotero, kwenikweni pakhala mkhalidwe wa kutsikatsika.’ (3) ‘Koma Baibulo limasonyeza mmene zimenezo zidzasinthira. (Dan. 2:44; Chiv. 21:3, 4)’

‘Ndimakhulupirira kuti Mulungu analenga munthu kupyolera mwa chisinthiko’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Ndalankhula ndi ena amene ali ndi lingaliro lofanana ndi lanu. Kodi ndalondola kunena kuti ndinu munthu amene ali ndi chikhulupiriro champhamvu mwa Mulungu? . . . Chotero kwenikweni chikhulupiriro chanu chiri ndi malo oyamba m’moyo wanu; pokhala chitsogozo chanu, mumayesayesa kuŵerengera nacho zinthu zina, kodi sichoncho? . . . Ndimo mmenenso ine ndimawonera zinthu.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Ndidziŵa kuti ngati zimene ndikhulupirira ziridi chowonadi, sizidzatsemphana ndi maumboni otsimikiziridwa asayansi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ndidziŵa kuti kukakhala kupusa kwa ine kunyalanyaza zimene Mawu a Mulungu amanena, chifukwa chakuti Mulungu amadziŵa zochuluka kwambiri ponena za ntchito zake koposa mmene amachitira aliyense wa ife. Ndimachita chidwi ndi zimene Baibulo, Mawu ouziridwa a Mulungu, amanena pano pa Genesis 1:21 (gogomezerani “mwa mitundu yawo”).’ (2) ‘Ndiyeno pa Genesis 2:7 timamva kuti Mulungu anapanga munthu, osati kuchokera kuzinyama zoyambirirazo, koma kuchokera kufumbi.’ (3) ‘Ndipo m’vesi 21, 22 timapeza kuti Hava anapangidwa osati kuchokera kunyama, koma ndi imodzi ya nthiti za Adamu monga chinthu choyambira.’

Kapena munganene kuti: ‘(Pambuyo pa kuvomerezana monga pamwambapa . . . ) Ena amanena kuti mawu a Baibulo onena za Adamu anali nthano chabe. Koma ngati zimenezo ziri zowona, kodi zikutsogolera ku malingaliro otani?’ (1) ‘Eya, wonani zimene zanenedwa pano pa Aroma 5:19: “Pakuti monga ndi kusamvera kwa munthu mmodzi [Adamu] ambiri anayesedwa ochimwa, chomwecho ndi kumvera kwa munthu mmodzi [Yesu Kristu] ambiri adzayesedwa olungama.” Mofananamo, 1 Akorinto 15:22 imati: “Pakuti monga mwa Adamu onse amwalira, chotero mwa Kristu onse akhalitsidwa ndi moyo.” Koma ngati kwenikweni kunalibe “munthu mmodzi” wotchedwa Adamu, pamenepo mwamunayo sanachimwe konse. Ngati sanachimwe ndi kupitirizira choloŵa cha uchimo kwa mbadwa zake, pamenepo panalibe kufunikira kwakuti Kristu apereke moyo wake kaamba ka anthu. Ngati Kristu sanaperekedi moyo wake mmalo mwathu, pamenepo palibe chiyembekezo cha moyo pambuyo pa zaka zathu zochepa. Zimenezo zikatanthauza kuti kwenikweni Chikristunso chiribe tanthauzo.’ (2) ‘Komabe, m’Chikristu muli malamulo amakhalidwe abwino amene angathe kupezeka kuli konse. Kodi kuli kotheka kuti magwero a ziphunzitso zabwino za chowonadi ndi kuwona mtima akhale kanthu kena kamene kwakukulukulu kali konyenga?’ (Wonaninso tsamba 25-27, pamutu waukulu “Adamu ndi Hava.”)

‘Komatu anthu ophunzira kwambiri amachikhulupirira’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Nzowona, komabe ndafikira pa kuzindikira kuti ngakhale anthu amene amanena kuti amachikhulupirira angatsutsane mwamphamvu ndi ena amene amakhulupirira chisinthiko. (Tchulani zitsanzo kuchokera pankhani ya pa tsamba 100.) Chotero, tiyenera kudzipendera tokha umboniwo kuti titsimikizire mbali imene tiyenera kukhulupirira—chisinthiko kapena chilengedwe.’

Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Zimenezo nzowona. Ndipo komabe ndafikira pa kuzindikira kuti pali anthu ena ophunzira kwambiri amene samachikhulupirira.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Kodi nchifukwa ninji pali kusiyanako? Iwo onse ngozoloŵerana ndi umboni wofananawo. Kodi cholinga chikaloŵa m’nkhaniyo? Mwinamwake.’ (2) ‘Kodi mungatsimikizire motani kuti mukhulupirire? Eya, kuwona kagulu konse (ndipo osati kusuliza anthu), kagulu kamene mumakhulupirira kakakhala kowona mtima kwambiri—ka okhulupirira kuti munthu analengedwa ndi Mulungu ndipo chotero amalingalira kukhala athayo kwa iye, kapena ka awo amene amanena kuti anangokhalako mwa iwo okha ndipo motero ali ndi thayo kwa iwo eni?’ (3) ‘Chotero, pamenepa ife tifunikira kudzipendera umboniwo kuti tiwone ngati chilengedwe kapena chisinthiko chimapereka mayankho okhutiritsa koposa a moyo.’