Ubuzima Inyuma yo Gupfa—Bibiliya Ibuvugako Iki?

“Ur’umukungugu, kand’umukungugu ni wo uzosubiramwo.”—ITANGURIRO 3:19.

1, 2. (a) Ni ivyiyumviro bitandukanye ibihe bihari ku vyerekeye ubuzima bw’inyuma yo gupfa? (b) Ni igiki dukeneye kwihweza kugira ngo tumenye ico Bibiliya yigisha ku vyerekeye ubugingo?

“INYIGISHO y’ukubabazwa kw’ibihe bidahera ntijanye n’ukwemera ko Imana ifitiye urukundo ibiremwa. . . . Kwemera ko ubugingo buzohanwa ibihe bidahera kubera amakosa y’imyaka mikeyi, ata kubuha akaryo ko kwikosora, ni ukurenga amategeko ajanye n’ubwenge.” Ukwo ni ko umufilozofe wo mw’idini y’Abahindu yitwa Nikhilananda yavuze.

² Abantu benshi muri iki gihe, cokimwe n’uwo Nikhilananda, ntiboroherwa n’inyigisho y’ivy’ukubabazwa ibihe bidahera. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, hari abandi bagorwa no gutahura iciyumviro nka kimwe c’ugushikira Nirivana n’uguhuza n’ibidukikije. Mbere no mu bavuga yuko ivyo bemera bishingiye kuri Bibiliya, hari ivyiyumviro bitandukanye ku vyerekeye ubugingo ico ari co n’ukuntu bibugendera iyo dupfuye. Mugabo, Bibiliya vy’ukuri yigisha iki ku vyerekeye ubugingo? Kugira ngo tubitore, turakeneye kwihweza insobanuro z’amajambo y’Igiheburayo n’ay’Ikigiriki yahinduwe ngo “ubugingo” muri Bibiliya.

Ico Bibiliya Ivuga ku Bugingo

3. (a) Ni ijambo irihe ryahinduwe ngo “ubugingo” mu Vyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo, kandi insobanuro yaryo y’ishimikiro ni iyihe? (b) Itanguriro 2:7 hemeza gute yuko ijambo “ubugingo” rishobora kuvuga umuntu wese uko ari?

³ Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwe ngo “ubugingo” ni neʹphesh, rikaba riboneka incuro 754 mu Vyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo. None neʹphesh risobanura iki? Nk’uko bivugwa n’igitabu nyizamvugo The Dictionary of Bible and Religion, “ubusanzwe ryerekeza ku kiremwa cose uko kiri, ku muntu wese uko ari.” Ivyo biremezwa n’ukuntu Bibiliya idondora ubugingo mw’⁠Itanguriro 2:7 hagira hati: “Uhoraho Imana abumba umuntu mu mukungugu wo hasi, amuhumekera mu mazuru impwemu y’[“ubuzima, wa muntu arahava aba ubugingo buzima,” NW].” Urabona yuko umugabo wa mbere ‘yahavuye akaba’ ubugingo. Ni ukuvuga ko Adamu atari afise ubugingo; yari ubugingo—nka kurya nyene umuntu acitse umuganga aba ari umuganga. Ijambo “ubugingo” rero aha ridondora umuntu wese uko ari.

4. Ni ijambo irihe ryahinduwe ngo “ubugingo” mu Vyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu, kandi ni iyihe nsobanuro y’ishimikiro iryo jambo rifise?

⁴ Ijambo ryahinduwemwo ngo “ubugingo” canke “umushaha” (psy·kheʹ) riseruka incuro zirenga ijana mu Vyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu. Cokimwe na neʹphesh, iryo jambo kenshi ryerekeza ku muntu wese uko ari. Nk’akarorero, rimbura amungane akurikira: “Ubugingo bwanje buradugaraye.” (Yohana 12:27, NW) “Ubugingo bwose buterwa n’ubwoba.” (Ivyakozwe 2:43, NW) “Ubugingo bwose nibugamburukire abakuru.” (Abaroma 13:1, NW) “Muremeshe ubugingo budendebutse.” (1 Ab’i Tesalonike 5:14, NW) “Hārokokeye abantu bakeya, bashika [“ubugingo,” NW] umunani, bākirijwe mu mazi.” (1 Petero 3:20) Biragaragara ko ijambo psy·kheʹ, cokimwe na neʹphesh, ryerekeza ku muntu wese uko ari. Nk’uko bivugwa n’incabwenge imwe Nigel Turner, iryo jambo “risigura igifise ibikiranga ko ari umuntu, umuntu we ubwiwe, umubiri w’inyama ufise rûaḥ [impwemu] Imana yawuhumekeyemwo. . . . Igishimikirwako ni umuntu ubwiwe wese uko ari.”

5. Mbega ibikoko vyoba ari ubugingo? Sigura.

⁵ Birashimishije kubona muri Bibiliya ijambo “ubugingo” ridakoreshwa gusa ku bantu. Rirakoreshwa no ku bikoko. Nk’akarorero, mu kudondora ukugene ibiremwa vyo mu mazi vyaremwe, Itanguriro 1:20 havuga yuko Imana yategetse iti: “Mu mazi ni hasegenyuke isegenya ry’[“ubugingo buzima,” NW].” Ku musi w’irema ukurikira na ho, Imana yavuze iti: ‘Isi n’izane [“ubugingo buzima,” NW], nk’ukw amoko ya[bwo] ari: ibitungano n’ivyikwega hasi n’ibikōko vyo mw isi, nk’ukw amoko yavyo ari.’—Itanguriro 1:24; gereranya no muri Guharūra 31:28.

6. Twovuga iki ku buryo Bibiliya ikoresha ijambo “ubugingo”?

⁶ Ni co gituma ijambo “ubugingo” nk’uko rikoreshwa muri Bibiliya ryerekeza ku muntu canke ku gikoko cabure ku buzima umuntu afise canke igikoko gifise. (Raba uruzitiro aho haruguru.) Insobanuro Bibiliya iha ubugingo ni iyoroshe, ifashe, kandi ntiremerejwe na ya mafilozofiya agoye itahura akabamwo n’imiziririzo y’abantu. Kubera ko ari ukwo ibintu bimeze, ikibazo tutoteba kwibaza ni iki: Dukurikije Bibiliya, ubugingo bibugendera gute iyo umuntu apfuye?

Abapfuye Ntaco Bazi

7, 8. (a) Ivyanditswe bihishura iki ku kuntu abapfuye bamerewe? (b) Tanga uturorero two muri Bibiliya twerekana yuko ubugingo bushobora gupfa.

⁷ Uko abapfuye bamerewe kuratomoye mu Musiguzi 9:5, 10, aho dusoma ngo: “Abapfuye nta co baba bakizi, . . . [nta] gikorwa cank’inama cank’ukumenya cank’ubgenge i kuzimu.” Urupfu rero ni ukutabaho. Umwanditsi wa zaburi yanditse yuko igihe umuntu apfuye, “[yi]subirira mw ivu ryiwe; uwo musi nyene imigabo yiwe igashira.” (Zaburi 146:4) Abapfuye ntaco bazi, ntaco bakora.

⁸ Igihe Imana yasomera urubanza Adamu, yamenyesheje iti: “Ur’umukungugu, kand’umukungugu ni wo uzosubiramwo.” (Itanguriro 3:19) Imbere y’uko Imana ibumba Adamu imukuye mu mukungugu wo hasi hanyuma ikamuha ubuzima, Adamu ntiyariho. Aho Adamu amariye gupfa, yasubiye kumera gutyo nyene. Igihano yahawe kwari ugupfa—ntikwari ukwimurirwa mu kandi karere. None ubugingo bwiwe vyabugendeye gute? Kubera ko muri Bibiliya ijambo “ubugingo” kenshi ryerekeza gusa ku muntu, ni co gituma igihe tuvuze ko Adamu yapfuye tuba tuvuze yuko ubugingo bwitwa Adamu bwapfuye. Ivyo vyoshobora kwumvikana nk’ibitangaje ku muntu yemera ko ubugingo budahwera. Ariko rero, Bibiliya imenyesha iti: “Ubugingo bucumura—bwo ubwabo buzopfa.” (Ezekiyeli 18:4, NW) Mu Balewi 21:1 (NW) haravuga ivy’ “ubugingo busandavye” (“ikiziga,” Jerusalem Bible). Abanaziri na bo babwiwe kutegera “ubugingo bupfuye” (“umuvyimba,” Lamsa).—Guharūra 6:6, NW.

9. Bibiliya ishaka kuvuga iki igihe ivuga ko ubugingo bwa Rakeli “bwariko burasohoka”?

⁹ Ariko none twovuga iki ku bivugwa mw’⁠Itanguriro 35:18 (NW) ku biraba rwa rupfu rubabaje rwa Rakeli, urwashitse igihe yariko aribaruka umuhungu wiwe w’ubuheta? Aho tuhasoma duti: “Igihe ubugingo bwiwe buriko burasohoka (kuko yapfuye) amwita Benoni; mugabo se wiwe amwita Benyamini.” Uwo murongo woba none ushaka kuvuga ko Rakeli yari n’ikintu camubamwo camuvuyemwo aho apfiriye? Eka data! Ibuka yuko ijambo “ubugingo” rishobora kandi kwerekeza ku buzima umuntu afise. Ngaho rero “ubugingo” bwa Rakeli bwashaka gusa kuvuga “ubuzima” bwiwe. Ni co gituma iyo mvugo ngo “ubugingo bwiwe buriko burasohoka” izindi Bibiliya ziyihindura ngo “ubuzima bwiwe buriko burayongēra” (Knox), “arikw aracīkāna” (Bibiliya Yera), na “ubuzima bwiwe buriko buramuvamwo” (Bible in Basic English). Nta cerekana ko hari igihimba co muri Rakeli c’ikiyoberane cabandanije kubaho aho apfiriye.

10. Ni mu buryo ki ubugingo bwa wa muhungu yazurwa w’umupfakazi ‘bwagarutse muri we’?

¹⁰ Birasa na kwa kuzuka kw’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, kuvugwa muri 1 Abami ikigabane ca 17. Ku murongo wa 22, dusoma yuko Eliya yasengeye kuri uwo mwana w’umuhungu, “Uhoraho yumvira Eliya, ubugingo bw’uyo mwana bumugarukamwo, arahēmbūka.” N’aha nyene ijambo “ubugingo” risobanura “ubuzima.” Gutyo, Bibiliya imwe, New American Standard Bible, isomwa uku: “Ubuzima bw’uwo mwana bumugarukamwo arahembuka.” Egome, bwari ubuzima, si ikintu kinaka c’igitutu cagarutse muri uwo muhungu. Ivyo birahuye n’ivyo Eliya yabwiye nyina w’uyo muhungu, ati: “Eh’umwana wawe [umuntu wese uko ari] ni muzima.”—1 Abami 17:23.

Impwemu yo Tuyivugeko Iki?

11. Ni kuki ijambo “impwemu” ridashobora kuba ryerekeza ku gice kinaka gitandukanye n’umubiri w’umuntu kibandanya kubaho iyo apfuye?

¹¹ Bibiliya ivuga yuko igihe umuntu apfuye, ‘impwemu yiwe imuvamwo, akisubirira mw’ivu ryiwe.’ (Zaburi 146:4) None ivyo vyoba bisobanura yuko hari impwemu itandukanijwe n’umubiri igenda bugende hanyuma ikabandanya kubaho inyuma y’ugupfa kw’umuntu? Ivyo ntivyoshoboka, kuko umwanditsi wa zaburi abandanya avuga, ati: “Uwo musi nyene imigabo yiwe igashira” (“ukwiyumvira kwiwe kwose kurahera,” The New English Bible). None iyo mpwemu ni iki, kandi ni gute ‘iva’ mu muntu kirya gihe apfa?

12. Amajambo y’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki yahinduwemwo “impwemu” canke “umushaha” muri Bibiliya afise iyihe nsobanuro?

¹² Muri Bibiliya amajambo yahinduwe ngo “impwemu” canke ngo “umushaha” (Mu Giheburayo, ruʹach; mu Kigiriki, pneuʹma) asobanura canecane “impemu.” Ni co gituma aho guhindura ngo ‘impwemu yiwe imuvamwo,’ impinduro ya R. A. Knox ikoresha imvugo ngo “impemu ziva mu mubiri wiwe.” (Zaburi 145:4) Ariko ijambo “impwemu” ririmwo vyinshi atari gusa uguhema. Nk’akarorero, mu kudondora rya hona ry’ubuzima bw’abantu n’ubw’ibikoko igihe ca ya Segenya yakwira isi, mw’⁠Itanguriro 7:22 (NW) havuga hati: “Ikintu cose cakoreshwa n’impemu z’inguvu [canke, impwemu; mu Giheburayo, ruʹach] zitanga ubuzima ziciye mu mazuru yavyo, ni ukuvuga ivyari i rusi vyose, birapfa.” Urumva rero ko ijambo “impwemu” rishobora kwerekeza ku nguvu y’ubuzima ikorera mu biremwa bizima vyose, ni ukuvuga abantu n’ibikoko, igafashwa n’uguhema.

13. Ni mu buryo ubuhe impwemu isubira ku Mana igihe umuntu apfuye?

¹³ Igihe mu Musiguzi 12:7 havuga yuko iyo umuntu apfuye “umushaha [u]subira ku Mana yawutanze” haba none hashaka kuvuga iki? Ivyo vyoba bivuga yuko umushaha utembera butembere ugaca mu kirere ugashika aho Imana iri? Nta kintu nk’ico kirimwo ngaho. Kubera ko umushaha canke impwemu ari inguvu y’ubuzima, “[u]subira ku Mana” mu buryo bw’uko kuri uwo muntu icizigiro cose c’ukuronka ubuzima muri kazoza kiba gisigaye ku Mana gusa. Imana ni yo yonyene ishobora kugarukana impwemu, ari yo nguvu y’ubuzima, igatuma umuntu yongera kuba muzima. (Zaburi 104:30) Ariko ivyo Imana yoba ifise umugambi wo kubikora?

“Azozuka”

14. Yezu yavuze iki yongera akora iki kugira ngo ahumurize yongere yirure bashiki ba Lazaro aho bamariye kubura musaza wabo?

¹⁴ Mu gisagara gitoyi c’i Betaniya, nko ku birometero bitatu mu buseruko bwa Yeruzalemu, Mariya na Marita bari batuntuye kubera urupfu rwa musaza wabo Lazaro rwashitse giturumbuka. Yezu yarifatanije na bo muri uwo mubabaro, kubera yuko yakunda cane Lazaro na bashiki biwe. Yezu yari gushobora gute kwirura abo bavukanyikazi? Ntiyobiruye mu kubabwira inkuru zimwezimwe zigoragoretse, ariko hobaye mu kubabwira ukuri. Yezu yavuze gusa ati: “Musazawe azozuka.” Yezu yaciye rero aja ku mva, hanyuma azura Lazaro—agarurira ubuzima umugabo yari amaze imisi ine apfuye!—Yohana 11:18-23, 38-44.

15. Marita yakiriye ate ivyo Yezu yamubwiye n’ivyo yakoze?

¹⁵ Marita yoba yaratangajwe n’ivyo Yezu avuze vy’uko Lazaro ‘yozutse’? Biboneka yuko bitamutangaje, kubera ko yishuye ati: “Ndazi kw azozuka mw izuka ryo ku musi w’iherezo.” Yari asanzwe yizera izuka ryasezeranywe. Maze Yezu yamubwiye ati: “Ni jewe kuzuka n’ubu[zima]. Ūnyizera n’iyo [“yopfa,” NW], azobaho.” (Yohana 11:23-25) Igitangaro c’ugusubizwa muzima kwa Lazaro carakomeje ukwizera kw’uwo mugore, congera gituma abandi bagira ukwizera. (Yohana 11:45) Ariko, neza na neza ijambo “izuka” risobanura iki?

16. Ijambo “izuka” risobanura iki?

¹⁶ Ijambo “izuka” rihinduwe mw’ijambo ry’Ikigiriki a·naʹsta·sis, urudome ku rundi rikaba risobanura ngo “ugusubira guhagarara.” Abahinduye Ikigiriki bagishira mu Giheburayo, ijambo a·naʹsta·sis barihinduye mu majambo asobanura “ihembuka ry’uwapfuye.” (mu Giheburayo techi·yathʹ ham·me·thimʹ).a Gutyo rero, izuka ririmwo ukuvyura uwapfuye akava mu kutagira ubuzima ari rwo rupfu—ni ukugarura no ukwongera kuvyutsa ivyari bigize ubuzima bwa nya muntu.

17. (a) Ni kuki ukuzurwa kw’abantu kutazoba ingorane kuri Yehova Imana na Yezu Kirisitu? (b) Ni isezerano irihe Yezu yatanze ku biraba abari mu mva z’icibutso?

¹⁷ Kubera ko Yehova Imana afise ubwenge butagira urugero akaba afise ukwibuka kutagira agasembwa, arashoboye kuzura umuntu bitagoranye. Kwibuka ivyari bigize ubuzima bw’abapfuye—nk’uturanga twa kamere-muntu yabo, kahise kabo bwite, hamwe n’utuntu twose tugize akaranga kabo—si ingorane kuri we. (Yobu 12:13; gereranya na Yesaya 40:26.) Vyongeye, nk’uko ivyabaye kuri Lazaro bivyerekana, Yezu Kirisitu arafise umutima wo kuzura abapfuye, kandi arabishoboye. (Gereranya na Luka 7:11-17; 8:40-56) Kukaba nkako, Yezu Kirisitu yavuze ati: “Igihe kija kuza, ah’abari mu mva [“z’icibutso,” NW] bose bazokwumvira ijwi ryiwe [rya Yezu], bakazivamwo.” (Yohana 5:28, 29) Egome, Yezu Kirisitu yasezeranye yuko abo Yehova yibuka bose bazozurwa. Biratomotse yuko, nk’uko Bibiliya ibivuga, ubugingo bupfa, kandi umuti w’urupfu ni izuka. Mugabo hariho abantu amamiliyaridi babayeho hanyuma barapfa. Ni ba nde muri bo bibukwa n’Imana, bakaba barindiriye izuka?

18. Ni ba nde bazozurwa?

¹⁸ Abigenjeje neza ari abasavyi ba Yehova bazozurwa. Ariko hari abandi bantu amamiliyoni bapfuye batarerekana yuko bokwisunga canke batokwisunga ingingo zigororotse z’Imana. Bashobora kuba batari bazi ivyo Yehova asaba, canke bakaba barabuze umwanya uhagije wo kugira amahinduka akenewe. N’abo bandi nyene Imana irabibuka, kandi rero bazozuka, kuko Bibiliya isezerana iti: “Hazoba ukuzuka kw’abagororotsi n’abagabitanya.”—Ivyakozwe 24:15.

19. (a) Ni ibiki intumwa Yohani yeretswe vyerekeye izuka? (b) Ni ibiki “bitererwa muri ca kiyaga caka umurimo,” kandi iyo mvugo isobanura iki?

¹⁹ Intumwa Yohani yareretswe ibintu bitangaje vyerekeye abazutse bahagaze imbere y’intebe y’icubahiro y’Imana. Mu kubidondora, yanditse ati: “Ikiyaga kigarukana abapfuye bo muri co, urupfu n’i kuzimu [“Hadesi,” NW] bigarukana abapfuye bo muri vyo, bacirwa imanza zikwiranye n’ivy’umuntu wese yakoze. Rupfu na Kuzimu [“Hadesi,” NW] batererwa muri ca kiyaga caka umuriro. Ico kiyaga caka umuriro ni co rupfu rwa kabiri.” (Ivyahishuriwe 20:12-14) Iyumvire ico ivyo bisobanura! Abapfuye bose bibukwa n’Imana bazokurwa muri Hadesi ari yo Sheoli, imva rusangi abantu bajamwo. (Zaburi 16:10; Ivyakozwe 2:31) Maze “Rupfu na Kuzimu” bizotererwa mu citwa “[i]kiyaga caka umuriro,” ikigereranya uguhona buhere. Imva rusangi abantu bajamwo ntizoba ikiriho.

Icizero Ciza Ntangere!

20. Abantu amamiliyoni ubu bapfuye bazozukira ahantu hameze gute?

²⁰ Abantu amamiliyoni nibazurwa mu gihe c’izuka, ntibazogarukanwa mu buzima kw’isi y’agahinga gusa. (Yesaya 45:18) Bazokwikangurira ahantu hagizwe neza vy’akaroruhore, kandi bazosanga barateguriwe uturere two kubamwo, ivyambarwa, n’ibifungurwa vy’umusesekara. (Zaburi 67:6; 72:16; Yesaya 65:21, 22) Ivyo bintu vyose bizotegurwa na ba nde? Birumvikana ko hategerezwa kuzoba hariho abantu baba mw’isi nshasha imbere y’uko izuka ryo kw’isi ritangura. Ariko ni ba nde?

21, 22. Ni icizero ntangere ikihe abari mu “misi y’iherezo” barindiriye?

²¹ Iranguka ry’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya ryerekana ko turi mu “misi y’iherezo” ry’ivy’iyi si.b (2 Timoteyo 3:1) Vuba cane rero Yehova Imana agiye guhagurukira ivy’abantu bagira, maze arandure ubukozi bw’ikibi kuri iyi si. (Zaburi 37:10, 11; Imigani 2:21, 22) Ico gihe none bizogenda gute ku bariko bakorera Imana badahemuka?

²² Yehova ntazohonereza hamwe abagororotsi n’abanyakibi. (Zaburi 145:20) Ntaho arigera agira ikintu nk’ico, kandi ntaco azogira igihe azohanagura ububi bwose kw’isi. (Gereranya n’​Itanguriro 18:22, 23, 26.) Nkako, igitabu ca nyuma ca Bibiliya kiravuga ivy’ “ishengero ryinshi, ata woshobora kuriharūra, bo mu mahanga yose n’imiryango yose n’amoko yose n’indimi zose,” bavuye muri “wa mubabaro mwinshi.” (Ivyahishuriwe 7:9-14) Egome, isinzi rinini rizorokoka umubabaro mwinshi isi mbi y’ubu izorangiriramwo, hanyuma bakazokwinjira mw’isi nshasha y’Imana. Ngaho, abantu bagamburuka barashobora kuzokwungukira vyuzuye ku bintu vy’igitangaza Imana yatunganije ngo ikize abantu icaha n’urupfu. (Ivyahishuriwe 22:1, 2) Gutyo, iryo ‘shengero ryinshi’ ntibizokwigera biba ngombwa ngo bapfe. Umve ico cizero ciza ntangere!

Ubuzima Butabazwamwo Urupfu

23, 24. Ukwiye gukora iki niba ushaka kubaho ibihe bidashira mw’Iparadizo kw’isi?

²³ Twoshobora none kwizera ko ico cizigiro c’agatangaza kizoranguka? Neza cane! Yezu Kirisitu ubwiwe yarerekanye yuko hogize igihe abantu babaho ata kwigera bapfa. Imbere gatoyi yuko azura umukunzi wiwe Lazaro, Yezu yabwiye Marita ati: “Ūriho wese anyizera, nta ho azokwigera apfa gushitsa ibihe bidashira.”—Yohana 11:26.

²⁴ Woba wipfuza kubaho ibihe bidashira mw’Iparadizo kw’isi? Woba wipfuza gusubira kubona abawe? Intumwa Yohani avuga ati: “Isi irikw irashirana n’ivyifuzo vyayo, arik’ūkor’ivy’Imana igomba yamah’ibihe bidashira.” (1 Yohana 2:17) Ubu ni co gihe co kwiga ivyo Imana igomba no kwiyemeza kubaho ubikurikiza. Maze, uri kumwe n’abandi bantu mamiliyoni bamaze gutangura gukora ivyo Imana igomba, urashobora kubaho ibihe bidashira mw’Iparadizo ngaha kw’isi.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

Woba Uvyibuka?

◻ Insobanuro y’ishimikiro y’amajambo yakoreshejwe mu ndimi z’intango yahinduwemwo ijambo “ubugingo,” ni iyihe?

◻ Ubugingo bibugendera gute iyo umuntu apfuye?

◻ Nk’uko Bibiliya ibivuga, umuti w’urupfu ni uwuhe?

◻ Ni icizero ntangere ikihe kirindiriye intahemuka zo muri iki gihe?

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 25]

“Ubugingo” nk’Ubuzima bw’Ikiremwa

Hari igihe ijambo “ubugingo” ryerekeza ku buzima umuntu afise canke igikoko gifise. Ivyo nta co bihindura ku nsiguro Bibiliya iha ubugingo ishaka kuvuga umuntu canke igikoko. Tubitangire akarorero: Tuvuga yuko umuntu ari muzima, bigasobanura ko ari umuntu muzima. Twoshobora kandi kuvuga yuko afise ubuzima. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, umuntu muzima ni ubugingo. Yamara igihe ari muzima, “ubugingo” bwoshobora kuvugwa ko ari ikintu afise.

Nk’akarorero, Imana yabwiye Musa iti: “Abantu bose [“barondera ubugingo bwawe,” NW] bapfuye.” Birumvikana ko abansi ba Musa bariko barondera ubuzima bwiwe. (Kuvayo 4:19; gereranya na Yosuwa 9:24; Imigani 12:10.) Yezu yakoresheje iryo jambo mu buryo busa n’ubwo igihe yavuga ati: “Umwana w’umuntu [ya]zanywe no . . . gutanga ubugingo bgiwe kw incungu ya benshi.” (Matayo 20:28; gereranya na 10:28.) Aho hose ijambo “ubugingo” risobanura “ubuzima bw’ikiremwa.”

[Ifoto ku rup. 25]

Ibi vyose ni ubugingo

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Umununi: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C./Dean Biggins

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Yezu yaratanze ikimenyamenya c’uko umuti w’urupfu ari izuka

[Ifoto ku rup. 28]

“Ūriho wese anyizera, nta ho azokwigera apfa gushitsa ibihe bidashira.”—Yohana 11:26