Ibitabo byakoreshejwe mu Gatabo k’Iteraniro ry’Umurimo
6-12 NYAKANGA
UBUTUNZI BWO MU IJAMBO RY’IMANA | KUVA 6-7
“Ubu noneho ugiye kwirebera ibyo nzakorera Farawo”
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Mose
Abisirayeli bamaze kubona ibimenyetso Mose yakoraga baramwizeye. Icyakora igihe bamenyaga ko Farawo yatanze itegeko ry’uko babongerera imirimo y’uburetwa, bitotombeye Mose acika intege maze atakambira Yehova (Kv 4:29-31; 5:19-23). Icyo gihe Yehova yaramukomeje amubwira ko yari agiye kugaragaza ibisobanuro by’izina rye mu buryo bwuzuye nk’uko yari yarabisezeranyije Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo. Ibyo Yehova yari kubikora acungura Abisirayeli akabagira ishyanga rikomeye maze akabatuza mu gihugu k’isezerano (Kv 6:1-8). Nyamara ibyo na byo ntibyatumye Abisirayeli bumvira Mose. Icyakora bamaze kubona icyago cya kenda, batangiye kumwumvira, ku buryo nyuma y’icyago cya cumi yabashyize kuri gahunda, akabavana muri Egiputa bameze nk’ingabo “zigiye ku rugamba.”—Kv 13:18.
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Mose
Ari imbere ya Farawo muri Egiputa. Mose na Aroni bahanganye n’imana zo muri Egiputa. Farawo yiyambaje abatambyi be bakoraga iby’ubumaji bari bayobowe na Yane na Yambure, kugira ngo imana z’Abanyegiputa zose zihangane na Yehova (2Tm 3:8). Igitangaza cya mbere Aroni yakoreye imbere ya Farawo abitegetswe na Mose, cyagaragaje ko Yehova arusha imbaraga imana zo muri Egiputa, nubwo Farawo yinangiye (Kv 7:8-13). Noneho bigeze ku cyago cya gatatu, abatambyi bakora iby’ubumaji ba Farawo baravuze bati: “Bikozwe n’urutoki rw’Imana!” Abo batambyi na bo bafashwe n’ibibyimba ku buryo batashoboraga kugera imbere ya Farawo kugira ngo bahangane na Mose.—Kv 8:16-19; 9:10-12.
Ibyago byatumye bamwe bakunda Yehova abandi barushaho kwinangira. Mose na Aroni bamenyeshaga Farawo buri cyago kigiye kuba kugeza ibyago icumi birangiye. Ibyo bavugaga byose byarabaga bityo bikagaragaza ko Mose yari ahagarariye Yehova. Izina rya Yehova ryaramamaye cyane muri Egiputa, bituma Abisirayeli n’Abanyegiputa bamwe bakunda Yehova naho Farawo, abajyanama be n’abambari be bose, barushaho kwinangira (Kv 9:16; 11:10; 12:29-39). Abanyegiputa ntibatekereje ko ibyababagaho byaterwaga n’uko barakaje imana zabo, ahubwo bamenye ko ari Yehova wari wagaragaje ko imana biringiraga nta mbaraga zari zifite. Ibyago ikenda byarangiye Mose ari umuntu “ukomeye cyane mu gihugu cya Egiputa,” imbere y’abagaragu ba Farawo n’imbere y’abantu bose.”—Kv 11:3.
Gucukumbura ibintu by’agaciro byo mu Ijambo ry’Imana
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Ishoborabyose
Yehova yakoresheje izina rye ry’icyubahiro ari ryo “Imana Ishoborabyose” (ʼEl Shad·daiʹ), igihe yabwiraga Aburahamu ko azabyara Isaka. Yakoresheje iryo zina kugira ngo afashe Aburahamu kwizera ko ashobora gusohoza iryo sezerano. Nyuma yaho, iryo zina ryagiye rikoreshwa rigaragaza ko Imana yari guha umugisha Isaka na Yakobo, bari abaragwa b’isezerano Imana yagiranye na Aburahamu.—It 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; 48:3.
Nyuma yaho Yehova yabwiye Mose ati: “Nabonekeye Aburahamu na Isaka na Yakobo ndi Imana Ishoborabyose [beʼElʹ Shad·daiʹ], ariko ku bihereranye n’izina ryanjye Yehova, sinigeze mbimenyekanishaho” (Kv 6:3). Icyakora ibyo ntibigaragaza ko abo bakurambere batari bazi Yehova, kuko iryo zina bari bararikoresheje kenshi kandi n’abandi babayeho mbere yaho bararikoreshaga (It 4:1, 26; 14:22; 27:27; 28:16). Igitabo k’Intangiriro kivuga iby’abo bakurambere, gikoresha iryo zina “Ishoborabyose” inshuro 6 gusa, mu gihe izina “Yehova” ribonekamo inshuro 172 mu mwandiko w’Igiheburayo w’umwimerere. Abo bakurambere bari bariboneye ko Imana ifite uburenganzira bwo kwitwa “Ishoborabyose” kandi ko ibikwiriye rwose. Icyakora bari batarasobanukirwa mu buryo bwuzuye icyo izina bwite ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova, risobanura. Hari inkoranyamagambo isobanura Bibiliya yagize iti: “Mbere yaho Imana yabwiraga abo bakurambere izina ryayo mu gihe yabamenyeshaga amasezerano azasohora nyuma yaho, ishaka kubizeza ko Yahweh ari Imana ishobora gusohoza ayo masezerano. Igihe Imana yibwiraga Mose ari ku gihuru yamuhaye ibisobanuro byimbitse kandi bikomeye kurushaho, imwereka ko ibisobanuro by’izina Yahweh bari basanzwe bazi, byari bikubiyemo ububasha ifite bwo gusohoza amasezerano yayo kandi ko yari kubana na bo muri icyo gihe na nyuma yaho.”
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Mose
Mose yashohoje inshingano ye nubwo atari yifitiye ikizere. Mose yashatse kwanga inshingano yitwaje ko atazi kuvuga. Yari yarahindutse, atakiri wa wundi wo mu myaka 40 mbere yaho, wari warihaye inshingano yo gucungura Abisirayeli. Yakomeje kubwira Yehova ko atari ashoboye iyo nshingano yari amuhaye, amusaba ko yayiha undi. Nubwo ibyo byarakaje Yehova, ntiyamutereranye ahubwo yamuhaye Aroni ngo amufashe. Bityo rero, Mose yabereye Aroni nk’Imana kuko Mose yari ayihagarariye, Aroni na we amubera umuvugizi. Igihe Mose yajyaga kubonana n’abakuru b’Abisirayeli na Farawo, Imana yabwiraga Mose ibyo ishaka, Mose akabibwira Aroni kugira ngo Aroni na we abibwire Farawo (uwo Farawo yari yarasimbuye uwo Mose yari yarahunze mu myaka 40 mbere yaho) (Kv 2:23; 4:10-17). Nyuma yaho Yehova yavuze ko Aroni yari “umuhanuzi” wa Mose. Ubwo rero nk’uko Mose yari umuhanuzi w’Imana cyangwa yayoborwaga n’Imana, ni na ko Aroni na we yagombaga kuyoborwa na Mose. Nanone Imana yabwiye Mose ko yamugize “Imana imbere ya Farawo.” Ibyo bishatse kuvuga ko yamuhaye ububasha buruta ubwa Farawo ku buryo atagombaga gutinya uwo mwami wa Egiputa.—Kv 7:1, 2.
13-19 NYAKANGA
UBUTUNZI BWO MU IJAMBO RY’IMANA | KUVA 8-9
“Farawo wari umwibone yashohoje umugambi wa Yehova atabizi”
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Kwinangira umutima
Yehova yagiye yihangana ntarimbure abantu n’amahanga yagombaga kurimbuka (It 15:16; 2Pt 3:9). Hari abo yihanganiraga bakagarura agatima maze akababarira (Ys 2:8-14; 6:22, 23; 9:3-15), ariko abandi bo barushagaho kwinangira umutima, bakarwanya Yehova n’ubwoko bwe (Gut 2:30-33; Ys 11:19, 20). Nta muntu Yehova abuza kwinangira. Ni yo mpamvu Bibiliya ivuga ko Yehova ‘areka abantu bakinangira’ cyangwa akareka ‘imitima yabo ikinangira.’ Ubwo rero iyo igihe kigeze akarimbura abantu binangiye, bituma agaragaza ko afite imbaraga nyinshi n’izina rye rikamamara.—Gereranya na Kv 4:21; Yh 12:40; Rm 9:14-18.
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Ubugome
Hari n’igihe Yehova atuma abantu babi basohoza umugambi we. Nubwo barwanya Imana, ishobora kubakumira kugira ngo badatuma abagaragu bayo bateshuka ku budahemuka bwabo kandi ishobora gutuma ibikorwa by’abo bantu babi bigaragaza ko Imana ikiranuka.—Rm 3:3-5, 23-26; 8:35-39; Zb 76:10.
Urugero rwa Farawo rurabigaragaza neza. Yehova yakoresheje Mose na Aroni atuma Farawo arekura Abisirayeli bari abacakara muri Egiputa. Imana si yo yatumye Farawo aba umugome ahubwo yaramuretse akomeza kubaho kandi iramureka agaragaza ko ari umugome kandi ko akwiriye gupfa. Mu Kuva 9:16 hagaragaza impamvu Yehova yabikoze hagira hati: “Ariko icyatumye nkureka ugakomeza kubaho, ni ukugira ngo nkwereke imbaraga zanjye, no kugira ngo izina ryanjye ryamamare mu isi yose.”
Yehova yagaraje ko afite imbaraga nyinshi igihe yatezaga Abanyegiputa ibyago icumi, hanyuma akarimburira Farawo n’ingabo ze mu Nyanja Itukura (Kv 7:14–12:30; Zb 78:43-51; 136:15). Na nyuma y’imyaka myinshi amahanga yari akibivuga kandi izina ry’Imana ryamamaye mu isi yose (Ys 2:10, 11; 1Sm 4:8). Iyo Yehova ahita arimbura Farawo ntiyari kubona ubwo buryo buhebuje bwo kugaragaza imbaraga ze ngo yiheshe ikuzo kandi arokore ubwoko bwe.
Gucukumbura ibintu by’agaciro byo mu Ijambo ry’Imana
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Ibibugu
Yehova yateje Abanyegiputa icyago cya kane cyari kigizwe n’udusimba kandi icyo cyago ni na cyo cya mbere kitageze ku Bisirayeli bari batuye i Gosheni. Icyakora, ntituzi neza utwo dusimba utwo ari two kuko ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe ritadusobanura neza (Kv 8:21, 22, 24, 29, 31; Zb 78:45; 105:31). Iryo jambo ry’Igiheburayo ʽA·rovʹ ryagiye rihindurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Hari Bibiliya zarihinduyemo ibibugu, ibivumvuri, isazi n’imibu.
Ijambo “ikibugu,” rikubiyemo ubwoko bw’amasazi atandukanye. Hari ubwoko bw’ibibugu binyunyuza amaraso y’abantu cyangwa ay’inyamaswa. Hari n’ubwoko bw’ibibugu bushobora gutera indwara zikomeye. Ubwo rero, icyago k’ibibugu Yehova yateje Abanyegiputa cyarabashegeshe cyane ku buryo hari n’aho cyahitanye abantu n’amatungo.
Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibikubiye mu gitabo cyo Kuva
Kuva 8:26, 27—Kuki Mose yavuze ko ibitambo by’Abisirayeli byari ‘ikizira’ ku Banyegiputa? Muri Egiputa hari inyamaswa nyinshi zasengwaga. Ku bw’ibyo, kuvuga ibihereranye n’ibitambo byari gutuma amagambo ya Mose arushaho kugira ireme kandi akemeza Abanyegiputa kureka Abisirayeli bakajya gutambira Yehova igitambo.
20-26 NYAKANGA
UBUTUNZI BWO MU IJAMBO RY’IMANA | KUVA 10–11
“Mose na Aroni bagaragaje ubutwari”
Jya wigana Yesu, wigishe ushize amanga
6 Nanone kandi, tekereza ukuntu Mose yagaragaje ubushizi bw’amanga igihe yavuganaga na Farawo, umutegetsi abantu batabonaga ko ahagarariye imana, ahubwo babona ko ari we mana, akaba umuhungu w’imana zuba yitwa Ra. Birashoboka ko, nk’uko byari bimeze ku bandi ba Farawo, uwo Farawo na we yasengaga ishusho ye. Icyo Farawo yavugaga cyabaga ari itegeko ridakuka. Kubera ko Farawo yari afite ububasha, ari umwibone kandi adakurwa ku izima, ntiyemeraga ko hagira undi muntu umubwira icyo akwiriye gukora. Uwo ni we muntu Mose wari umushumba woroheje yagiye imbere kenshi, atatumiwe kandi atishimiwe. None se ni iki Mose yari agiye kumuhanurira? Yari agiye kumuhanurira iby’ibyago icumi bya kirimbuzi? Ni iki se yari kumusaba? Yari gusaba Farawo kureka abantu babarirwa mu mamiriyoni bari abagaragu be bakava mu gihugu cye! Ese Mose yari akeneye kugira ubushizi bw’amanga? Yego rwose!—Kub 12:3; Heb 11:27.
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Mose
Yagombaga kugira ubutwari n’ukwizera kugira ngo age imbere ya Farawo. Iyo Yehova adaha Mose na Aroni imbaraga n’umwuka we, ntibari gusohoza inshingano itoroshye yari yabahaye. Sa n’ureba mu ngoro ya Farawo wari umwami w’ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi bwariho icyo gihe. Tekereza Farawo wari umwibone kandi wumvaga ko ari imana, yicaye muri iyo ngoro y’akataraboneka agaragiwe n’abajyanama be, abasirikare bakomeye, abarinzi n’abagaragu. Nanone hari abayobozi b’amadini, abatambyi bakoraga iby’ubumaji n’abandi bantu bakomeye barwanyaga Mose. Abo bantu bose bari kumwe na Farawo bari abantu bakomeye kandi bari bifatanyije na we mu gushyigikira imana z’ibinyoma zo muri Egiputa. Mose na Aroni ntibagiye kureba Farawo inshuro imwe gusa ahubwo bagiye kumureba inshuro nyinshi, ariko buri gihe akinangira umutima kuko yari yariyemeje gukomeza gukandamiza abo Baheburayo yari yaragize abacakara. Igihe Mose na Aroni batangazaga icyago cya munani, barabirukanye bava imbere ya Farawo. Bamaze gutangaza icyago cya kenda bwo, Farawo yababwiye ko nibongera kumureba mu maso azabica.—Kv 10:11, 28.
Gucukumbura ibintu by’agaciro byo mu Ijambo ry’Imana
Abahamya barwanyije imana z’ibinyoma
11 Igihe Abisirayeli bari muri Egiputa, Yehova yatumye Mose kwa Farawo, aramubwira ati: “Jya kwa Farawo, kuko naretse umutima we n’imitima y’abagaragu be ikinangira, kugira ngo nkorere ibi bimenyetso imbere ye, no kugira ngo namwe muzabwire abana banyu n’abuzukuru banyu ukuntu nahanishije Abanyegiputa ibihano bikomeye; mubabwire n’ibimenyetso nakoreye muri bo, kandi muzamenya rwose ko ndi Yehova” (Kv 10:1, 2). Abisirayeli b’indahemuka, bari kuzabwira abana babo ibitangaza Yehova yakoze. Abana babo na bo, bari kuzabibwira abari kuzabakomokaho, bigakomeza bityo uko ibihe byari kugenda basimburana. Ibyo byari gutuma ibyo Yehova yakoze bihora byibukwa. Muri iki gihe na bwo, ababyeyi bafite inshingano yo kubwira abana babo ibyo Yehova yabakoreye.—Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 6:4-7; Imigani 22:6.
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Abisirayeli bava muri Egiputa
Yehova yakoresheje imbaraga ze zitangaje acungura Abisirayeli kandi izina rye rishyirwa hejuru. Bamaze kwambuka Inyanja Itukura, Mose n’Abisirayeli baririmbiye Yehova maze Miriyamu mushiki wa Mose wari umuhanuzikazi afata ishako, abagore bose basohokana na we bafite amashako babyina. Abagabo barateraga abagore bakikiriza (Kv 15:1, 20, 21). Icyo gihe iby’abanzi babo byari birangiriye aho. Bibiliya ivuga ko igihe basohokaga muri Egiputa, nta muntu cyangwa inyamanswa byari kubagirira nabi ndetse nta n’imbwa yari kubamokera (Kv 11:7). Nubwo iyo nkuru yo mu Kuva itavuga ko Farawo yarimbukanye n’ingabo ze mu nyanja itukura, muri Zaburi 136:15 ho havuga ko Yehova ‘yakunkumuriye Farawo n’ingabo ze mu Nyanja Itukura.’
27 NYAKANGA–2 KANAMA
UBUTUNZI BWO MU IJAMBO RY’IMANA | KUVA 12
“Icyo Pasika itwigisha ”
“Uzagira umunezero musa”
4 Yesu yapfuye ku itariki ya 14 Nisani, mu mwaka wa 33. Muri Isirayeli, itariki ya 14 Nisani wari umunsi bizihizagaho Pasika kandi ukaba umunsi w’ibyishimo byinshi cyane. Buri mwaka, kuri uwo munsi abagize umuryango basangiraga ifunguro ryabaga rigizwe n’umwana w’intama utagira inenge. Muri ubwo buryo, bibukaga uruhare amaraso y’umwana w’intama yagize mu gucungura abana b’imfura b’Abisirayeli, igihe marayika urimbura yicaga abana b’imfura bo muri Egiputa ku itariki ya 14 Nisani 1513 Mbere ya Yesu (Kuva 12:1-14). Umwana w’intama baryaga kuri Pasika washushanyaga Yesu, uwo intumwa Pawulo yavuzeho ati ‘Pasika yacu yatambwe, ni Kristo’ (1 Abakorinto 5:7). Kimwe n’amaraso y’umwana w’intama wa Pasika, amaraso ya Yesu yamenwe atuma benshi babona agakiza.—Yohana 3:16, 36.
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Pasika
Hari ibintu byakorwaga kuri Pasika y’Abayahudi byasohoreye kuri Yesu. Kimwe muri ibyo bintu ni amaraso Abisirayeli basize ku mazu yabo. Ibyo byatumye abana babo barokoka igihe umumarayika yarimburaga abana b’imfura bo muri Egiputa. Pawulo yavuze ko Abakristo basutsweho umwuka ari itorero ry’abana b’imfura (Hb 12:23), anavuga ko Kristo yabacunguje amaraso ye (1Ts 1:10; Ef 1:7). Nta muntu wagombaga kuvuna amagufwa y’umwana w’intama waribwaga kuri Pasika. Ibyo bihuje n’uko hari ubuhanuzi bwari bwaravuze ko nta gufwa rya Yesu ryagombaga kuvunwa kandi ibyo ni ko byagenze igihe yapfaga (Zb 34:20; Yh 19:36). Ubwo rero, Pasika Abayahudi bamaze ibinyejana byinshi bizihiza, yari kimwe mu bintu byasabwaga n’Amategeko byari igicucu k’ibintu bizaza byerekezaga kuri Kristo, “Umwana w’Intama w’Imana.”—Hb 10:1; Yh 1:29.
“Uzababere urwibutso”
13 Uko ab’igihe kimwe bari kuvaho hakaza abandi, ababyeyi bari kujya bigisha abana babo amasomo y’ingenzi arebana na Pasika. Rimwe muri yo ni uko Yehova arinda abagaragu be. Abana bamenyaga ko Yehova ari Imana iriho koko, yita ku bagize ubwoko bwayo kandi igira icyo ikora kugira ngo ibarengere. Yabigaragaje ubwo yarindaga abana b’imfura b’Abisirayeli, “igihe yatezaga ibyago Abanyegiputa.”
14 Buri mwaka, ababyeyi b’Abakristo ntibasubiriramo abana babo inkuru ivuga ibya Pasika. Ariko se, waba wigisha abana bawe isomo tuvana muri iyo nkuru ry’uko Imana irinda abagize ubwoko bwayo? Ese wereka abana bawe ko wemera udashidikanya ko na n’ubu Yehova arinda abagize ubwoko bwe (Zab 27:11; Yes 12:2)? Ese iyo ubibasobanurira, mugirana ikiganiro gishimishije aho kumera nk’ubaha disikuru? Jya ukora uko ushoboye kose kugira ngo ibyo na byo ubyigishe abagize umuryango wawe kuko bizatuma barushaho kwiringira Yehova.
Gucukumbura ibintu by’agaciro byo mu Ijambo ry’Imana
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Pasika
Ibyago Yehova yateje Abanyegiputa, cyanecyane icya cumi cyahitanye abana b’imfura, byagaragaje ko yakojeje isoni imana zabo z’ibinyoma (Kv 12:12). Muri Egiputa, imfizi y’intama yari yarerejwe imana y’Abanyegiputa yitwaga Ra. Ubwo rero, gusiga amaraso y’umwana w’intama wa Pasika ku nkomanizo z’imiryango byari ukwandagaza iyo mana rwose. Nanone ikimasa cyari cyarerejwe imana yitwaga Osirisi. Ubwo rero, kwica imfura z’ibimasa byari gukoza isoni cyane iyo mana. Ikindi kandi abantu babonaga ko Farawo yari nk’umwana w’imana yitwaga Ra. Ubwo rero kwica umwana w’imfura wa Farawo byari kugaragaza ko Farawo n’iyo mana ye nta bubasha bari bafite rwose.
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Ikoraniro
Ikintu kihariye cyarangaga “amakoraniro yera” ni uko icyo gihe nta muntu wagombaga gukora umurimo uruhanyije. Urugero, igihe Abisirayeli bizihizaga Umunsi Mukuru w’Imigati Idasembuwe, umunsi wa mbere n’umunsi wa karindwi yitwaga “amakoraniro yera.” Kuri iyo minsi Yehova yarabategetse ati: “Ntimukagire umurimo mukora muri iyo minsi, uretse gutegura ibyo buri muntu wese arya” (Kv 12:15, 16). Icyakora mu gihe cy’“amakoraniro yera” abatambyi babaga bahugiye mu gutambira Yehova ibitambo (Lw 23:37, 38), kandi ntibabaga bishe iryo tegeko Yehova yatanze. Icyo igihe Abisirayeli ntibagombaga kugikoresha biruhukira cyangwa birangaza, ahubwo bagombaga kugikoresha bakora ibikorwa bituma begera Imana. Nanone bateraniraga hamwe ku Isabato ya buri cyumweru kugira ngo bige ibyerekeye Yehova kandi bamusenge. Icyo gihe babasomeraga Ijambo ry’Imana kandi bakaribasobanurira, nk’uko byagiye bikorwa mu masinagogi nyuma yaho (Ibk 15:21). Ubwo rero, ubwo ku Isabato no mu ‘makoraniro yera’ nta mirimo iruhanyije bagombaga gukora, icyo gihe bagombaga kugikoresha basenga kandi batekereza ku Muremyi wabo no ku migambi ye.