Munhu Nemhuka Zvinogona Kugara Murugare Here?
“Ndakanzwa sokunge kuti ndakanga ndiri pachikumbaridzo cheparadhiso; munhu nemhuka zviri mutsinhirano inovimbika.” Nokudaro Joy Adamson akarondedzera chiono murutivi moRwizi rwaUra rweKenya sezvo iye akaona mhatsa yeshiri nemhuka zvichiuya kuzonwa mvura. Rutivi runofadza chose rwechiono chacho rwakanga rwuri rwemhuka dzigere murugare pedyo naye—shumbakadzi yakura zvizere!
Pakanga pane chimwe chinhu chechienzi zvikuru pamusoro peiyi shumbakadzi, Elsa, iyo mamirioni akazoziva kupfurikidza nebhuku rinonzi Born Free, rakanyorwa naJoy Adamson here? Nyangwe, yakanga ichingovawo zvayo shumbakadzi. Musiano wakanga uri wokuti yakanga yadzidza kugara murugare navanhu.
Gare gare, apo bhaisikopo rinonzi Born Free rakaitwa, chiverengero chakati cheshumbakadzi dzakapingudzwa chakashandiswa kuratidzira Elsa. Imwe yainzi Mara. Pakutanga yakanga ichinyumwira, uye pakupedzisira yakava ine udyire zvikuru, isati ichada kushaya shamwari dzayo itsva dzohunhu. Kuiteramisa, murume waJoy, George Adamson, akaswededza tendi rake pedyo nedanga raMara. Pakupedzisira, akatamisira tendi rake mukati chaimo medanga! “Kwemwedzi mitatu yakatevera,” akanyora mubhuku rake rinonzi Bwana Game, “nguva dzose yairara mu[tende rangu], kazhinji kazhinji yakazvambarara pauriri huri murutivi rwohuvato hwangu uye padzimwe nguva pahuri. . . . Haina kutongondisakisa kufunganya pamusoro pechengeteko yangu ndimene.”
“Mumwe wemitambo yedu inoisvodiwa,” vakanyora kudaro VaAdamson, “wakanga uri wokuti ini ndizvambarare pasi ndakavandika shure kwegwenzi rouswa. Mara aindironda nokunyangira kukuru, dumbu rakaderera pasi mumuitiro wakafanira weshumba uye tevere paizova nokusvetuka kwakamwe kamwe uye aimhara pamusoro pangu. Nguva dzose aidzora nzara dzake dzinotyisa uye aisatongondikuvadza.”
Imwe shumbakadzi yaitamba rutivi rwaElsa yakanzi Girl. Apo bhaisikopo rakapera, Girl akadzorerwa musango, uko akava namauta ndokubereka handa mbiri. Vaviri veshamwari dzaAdamson vakawana mutanga. Adamson akanyora, kuti: “Nechivimbo chinoisvoshamisa nomugariro wakanaka Girl akabvumidza varume vavirivo, vakanga vachizvipinza mungozi yakati kuti, kusvika [mita kana kuti kupfuura] pedyo nenzvimbo yokuberekera . . . Kuzvidzora kwaGirl kwakanga kuri kwakatanhamara zvikuru sezvo [mumwe wavarumevo] akanga ari muenzi chaiye kwaari.” Kana ari Adamson, Girl akatomubvumidza kunyange kubata handa dzake, nepo dzimwe shumba dzakatandaniswa.
Kupingudza Shumba Inorura
Mavara anosiana pashumba neshumba. Nepo Joy Adamson akanga achipfuya Elsa, mberi kumaodzanyemba muNorthern Rhodesia (zvino Zambia), murindi wemhuka, Norman Carr, akanga achiita zvimwe chetezvo nehandarume mbiri. Imwe yehanda, Big Boy, yakanga ine ushamwari zvikuru. Imwe yacho, Little Boy, yakanga yakakombamira kukurundumwara. Pamusoro peyechipiri, Carr akanyora zvinotevera mubhuku rake rinonzi Return to the Wild:
“Apo Little Boy anenge ari mune mumwe weiyi migariro, ndinotonona parutivi pake sezvaanondidzvovera, ndiri kure kwakati kuti nenzara dzake idzo ane bviro zvikuru yokushandisa mukukwaranzura kwokurura nenzara dzinopinza sechisvo dzina [masendimita mashanu] mukureba. Nomutoo wokushivirira ndinoedza kumurezva kupfurikidza nokutaura naye nomutoo wokumunyaradza sezvandairamba ndichiswedera pedyo zvikuru; uye pakupedzisira apo ndakasvika pedyo iye achiri kudzvova asi nomutoo wakaderera wokutsunga. Zvandinoisa ruoko rwangu pamapfudzi ake azerwe namakushe ndokupuruzira chipfuva chake, iye nomutoo unooneka anofaranuka sokunge kuti tsandanyama dzake dzakaomarara dzapera simba. . . . Anoisa musoro wake pamadya angu, achindikokera kumupuruzira.”
Musumo yebhuku raCarr, Earl weDalhousie, uyo akanga ari mudzori mukuru mukuru wenyika, anorondedzera chinoitika chaakaona apo shumbadzo dzakanga dzava namakore anopfuura maviri uye kudzungaira kusingatarisirwi pabani riri pedyo nomusasa waCarr. Carr akaridza muridzo, uye aya ndiwo matsanangurire anoita Earl davidzo yacho: “Dzakauya dzichisvetuka kumuridzo watenzi wadzo ndokukwizira misoro yadzo ine simba paari, panguva imwe cheteyo dzichidzvova kwaziso yadzo yomufaro bva inotyisa. Chidakadaka chadzo nokuda kwake zvirokwazvo chakanga chisina kuderera.”
Shumba dzinotya munhu nomutoo womusikirwo uye kazhinji kazhinji dzinotsvaka kumunzvenga. Uku kuita kworuzivo rwokuberekwa narwo kunowanwa mushumba nedzimwe mhuka nomutoo wakarurama kunorondedzerwa muBhaibheri. (Genesi 9:2) Pasinakwo munhu aizova nyajambwa asina taviridziro. Bva, zvimwe mhuka dzinova dzinodya vanhu.
“Asingawanzova Enguva Dzose”
Imwe nyanzvi pane iyi nyaya, Roger Caras, inotsanangura, kuti: “Pakati paanenge marudzi ose ekatsi huru panoratidzika kuva panooneka chiverengero chakati kuti chamamwe asingawanzova enguva dzose anotsvaka munhu sechokudya. Iwo haawanzova enguva dzose . . . Munhu anogona zvikurukuru kusanogara zvikurusa murugare ne[katsi huru].”
Mhuka zhinji hadziratidziki kuva dzinoziva munhu apo anogara akavandika mumotokari. Neiyi nzira vanhu vanogona kutora mifananidzo yapedyo yeshumba. “Asi,” rinonyevera kudaro bhuku rinonzi Maberly’s Mammals of Southern Africa, “ngozi yakati kuti inoparirwa kana ukazarura suo rako, kana kuti kuedza kubuda kusvika pedyo neshumba, nokuti dzinocherekedza kuvapo kwomunhu, uye kuoneka kwokukurumidza kunowedzera katyamadzo yorutyo rungasakisa denho mukuzvidzivirira kunofungidzirwa. . . . Mukunangana chaizvoizvo neshumba musango mune ngozi duku kupinda kuoneka kwakamwe kamwe kwokubuda mumotokari pamberi payo!”
Zvakadiniko Neingwe?
Ingwe dzinova dzinodya vanhu hadzisiwo dzenguva dzose. Jonathan Scott anotsanangura mubhuku rake rinonzi The Leopard’s Tale: “Isina kunetswa uye iri muutano hwakanaka, ingwe chisikwa chine nyadzi, chinonyara chinoratidzira rutyo rwukuru rwomunhu. Kana ikananganwa nayo inowanzotiza nokuda kwenzvimbo yokuvanda inowanikwa iri pedyosa.”
Scott akapedza mwedzi ari muMasai Mara Game Reserve yeKenya achifunda mafambiro eingwekadzi yaakatumidza kuti Chui. Chui pashoma napashoma akarovedzana nokuvapo kwemotokari yaScott, uye pane imwe nhambo handa dzake, inonzi Dark naLight, dzakakwira chaizvo ndokunzvera motokari yake. Scott anodavira kuti shure kwechitarisiko chenyadzi cheingwe kune muitiro unobvira woushamwari.
Vamwe vakawana rutivi rwoushamwari rwomugariro weingwe. Somuenzaniso, Joy Adamson akapfuya handa yeingwe iri nherera yaakadana kuti Penny. Pashure pokunge asunungurwa kupinda musango, Penny akaita mauta ndokubereka handa. Apo shamwari dzake dzohunhu dzaiva pedyopo, Penny aizviratidzira amene ndokuvakuchidzira kuuya kuzoona handa dzake dzichangobva kuberekwa. Pamutanga, dzigere pedyo namai vanodada, Adamson akarondedzera chiono chinofadza: “Akananzva maoko edu apo handa dzakaomerera pakati pamakumbo ake emberi, dzose dzichifara zvikuru. Chitendero chavose ndechokuti ingwe dzine ngozi zvikurusa kupfuura mhuka dzose dzomuAfrica, uye ingwekadzi dzine vana vaduku dzinotyisa zvikurukuru.” Asi Adamson akataura kuti chinoitika chake naPenny chingabvumikisa kuti “zvizhinjisa zvezvitendero zvinogamuchirwa inhema.”
Imwe ingwekadzi ine “kuzvibata kwakanaka,” inonzi Harriet, yakagovera Arjan Singh wokuchamhembe kweIndia chinoitika chinotova chakatanhamara zvikuru. Singh akapfuya Harriet kubvira pahuhanda ndokumurovedza kuti azvidzivirire amene musango riri pedyo nepurazi rake. Sorutivi rwerovedzo, Singh padzimwe nguva aikusvudzira ingwe kudenha. “Apo ndakahwatama pasi ndokuikusvudzira kudenha,” anotsanangura kudaro mubhuku rake rinonzi Prince of Cats, “akauya kwandiri ndokubonderana misoro . . . , asi apo akandisvetukira akava nechokwadi zvikuru chokuti akapfuura napamusoro, achidzunha pamusoro wangu ndokudzika pasi nomusana wangu, asingatongobudisi nzara kuti dzikwaranzure mapfudzi angu asine chinhu.”
Mutoo weingwe wokutamba neimbwa yaSingh Eelie wakanga uchishamisawo. Singh anotsinhira kuti “bhaisikopo rinoratidza [ingwe] igere namagaro ayo uye ichirwisa apo imbwa inoidenha—asi haiiti kutamburira kwokuwisira mudenhi pasi. Makumbo ayo makuru anokwira kune rumwe rutivi rwomutsipa waEelie, pamusoro pake achidzika nokune rumwe rutivi nounyoro sezvipukutiso.”
Uhu ukama hwoushamwari pakati pomunhu, imbwa, uye ingwe hwakapfuurira pashure pokunge Harriet abva pamusha kundoronda upenyu hwomusango riri pedyopo. “Kana mumwe munhu akataura kuti ingwe hadzifaniri kuvimbwa nadzo,” anotaura kudaro Singh, “ndinongodikanirwa hangu kufunga bedzi nezvenguva zhinji Harriet aiuya ku[purazi rangu] pakati pousiku uye achindimutsa nounyoro kuti tikwazisane sezvandairara pamhene.”
Pakupedzisira, Harriet akaita mauta ndokubereka handa mbiri. Apo mutanga wake wakatyisidzirwa namafashamo, ingwe yakatakura handa mumuromo mayo ndokudziunza imwe panguva imwe kunzvimbo yakakotsekana yomusha waSingh. Apo mafashamo akaderera, Harriet akakwira muigwa raSingh, kumukuchidzira kumudzorera kuyambuka rwizi ndokudzokazve sezvaaitora handa dzake imwe panguva imwe kuenda kumutanga mutsva wenzvimbo itsva yomusango.
Nzou yeAfrica
Kwakataurwa kuti nzou yeAfrica inopenga zvikuru zvokusagona kupingudzwa. Vanhu vazhinji, zvisinei, vakabvumikisa maidi kuva chimwe chinhu. Muenzaniso mumwe ndihwo ukama hunoorora huri pakati penzou nhatu dzeAfrica nomuAmerica anonzi Randall Moore. Nzou dzakanga dziri rutivi rweboka remhuru dzakatapwa muKruger National Park yeSouth Africa ndokutumirwa kuUnited States. Mukufambira mberi kwenguva dzakarovedzwa nokuda kwomutambo wesekasi uye dzakaita zvakanaka kwazvo. Apo mwene wadzo akafa, Moore akapiwa nhatu ndokudzidzorera kuAfrica.
Hadzi mbiri, dzinonzi Owalla naDurga, dzakapinzwa muPilanesberg Reserve yeBophuthatswana muna 1982. Panguvayo munhangawo wakanga une chiverengero chakati kuti chemhuru dzenzou dziri nherera dzakanga dziri mumugariro wakashata uye dzaida tarisiro inoitwa nehadzi dzakura. Ko Owalla naDurga vakarovedzwa musekasi vaizokwanisa kutarisira iri basa here?
Pashure pegore, Moore akagamuchira mishumo yokuti nzou dzake dzakanga dzagamuchira nherera dzose 14 uye kuti dzimwe nherera dzaizopinzwa mumunhangawo. Pashure pokusavapo kwamakore mana, Moore akadzokera kundozvionera amene. Achikarira kutsvaka kurefu muPilanesberg Mountains, akakatyamadzwa, nokukurumidza pashure pokusvika kwake, kuona Owalla naDurga pakati peboka guru. “Murangariro wangu wokutanga, usati uri woruzivo rwokuzviwanira,” akanyora kudaro mune rinonzi Back to Africa, “wakanga uri wokumhanyira kwadziri, kudzimbundira ndokudzirumbidza. Ndakatsiva kuchidziro iyeyo nokusvika kune mufungo zvikuru.”
Kutanga, Owalla naDurga vaitofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuvapo kweshamwari yadzo yekare. Dzakanzvera ruoko rwake rwakatambanudzwa nemisinga yadzo. “Owalla,” anonyora kudaro Moore, “akamira akandipfuura sokunge kuti aimirira murairo unotevera. Dzimwe dzasara dzeboka dziri mumafuro akaomeswa dzakaungana pamwe chete. Ndakaraira. ‘Owalla . . . SIMUDZA musinga neTSOKA!’ Owalla nokukurumidza akasimudzira tsoka yake yemberi kumusoro mumhepo ndokugonyanisa musinga wake wakananga kudenga muchimiro chokukwazisa chakatanhamara chamazuva iwawo omutambo wesekasi wava kure. Ndianiko uyo akatanga kutaura kuti nzou haitongokanganwi?”
Makore matatu gare gare, muna October 1989, yeuko yaOwalla yakapiwa mumwe muedzo. Nguva ino Moore akasarudza kuedza chimwe chinhu chaakanga asina kumboita chifo chokupinza nzou mumunhangawo kare makore manomwe. Owalla akateerera murairo wake wokuzvambarara pasi ndokumubvumira kutasva pamusana pake. Vaoni veterevhizheni muSouth Africa vakafadzwa nokumuona achimutasva pakati pedzinopfuura nzou dzomusango dzine 30. “Ndakaita ikoku,” Moore anotsanangura kudaro mubvunzurudzano naMukai!, “kwete sechiito chokuparidzira asi nokuda kwokuti ndakanga ndichida kuziva ukuru hwechisungo noungwaru zvinobvira kunzou.” Nherera dzePilanesberg dzakabudirira mukutarisira kwoungwaru kwaOwalla naDurga.
Chokwadi, zvinoitika zvoushamwaridzani pakati pomunhu nemhuka nhasi hazvisati zviri zvenguva dzose; zvinoda kudziridzo yokungwarira. Hwaizova ushingi hwoufuza zvamazvirokwazvo kuti munhuwo zvake atsunge kupinda musango ndokuedza kusvika shumba, ingwe, uye nzou. Asi kunyange ushamwaridzani hwakadaro pakati pemhuka navanhu husingawanzowaniki zvikuru, zvakadiniko nomunguva yemberi? Huchava hwenguva dzose here?
[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 8]
Shumba Dzinogona Kupingudzwa!
“UYAI mutore mifananidzo yangu neshumba dzangu,” akadaro Jack Seale, mutarisiri weHartebeespoortdam Snake and Animal Park muSouth Africa. Nomutoo wokutya, ndakamutevera kudanga reshumba, ndichikarira kuti aizondibvumira kutora mifananidzo ndiri kunze kwefenzi inotaviridzira.
Danga racho rakanga rakachena, rine mimvuri yakawanda yemiti yakapoteredza. Shumba pfumbamwe dzine utano hwakanaka nokukurumidza dzakaziva murovedzi wadzo sezvaakapinda mudanga nomubetseri. Shumba dzakaita kuhon’a kwoushamwari ndokufamba-famba mukunyanduka.
“Pinda mukati,” Jack akadaro. Ndakanyepedzera kunge ndisiri kunzwa. “Pinda mukati,” akadzokorora nenzwi guru. Kuti vagozvidzivirira vamene kushumba, zvavaingova nazvo bedzi zvaiva zvimiti! Hana yangu yakarova nomutoo wokukurumidza sezvandairwisa umbwende, pakupedzisira ndichikwira kupinda mukati. Nokukurumidza ndakavamba kutora mifananidzo nekamera yangu apo Jack aipuruzira shumba dzake dzaanotarisira dzinoisvoshamisa. Rusununguko rwakadini rwandakanzwa apo isu tose takanga tava kunze takakotsekana! Asi ndaisadikanirwa kuve ndakatya.
“Chikonzero nei tichipinda nezvimiti,” Jack anotsanangura pashure pacho, “ndechokuti shumba dzine chidakadaka uye dzinopa kuruma kworudo. Tinotambanudza zvimiti kuti dzigone kuzvitsenga panzvimbo pamaoko edu.” Jack neboka rake reshumba vakanga vachangobva kudzoka kubva kuEtosha National Park muNamibia. Neiko akanga aenda nadzo kure kwakadaro musango? Akatsanangura, kuti:
“Dzakashandiswa kuita bhaisikopo rinodzidzisa pamusoro peizvo nyanzvi dzesayenzi dziri kuita mukudzora wedzero yechiverengero cheshumba musango reNamibia. Asi shumba dzangu dzinoda upenyu hwadzakakura dzichirovedza muno. MuNamibia, nokukurumidza padzakaona rori rangu, dzakakwira mariri. Pakanga pasina chinetso chokudziita kuti dzidzokere kumusha.”—Yakagoverwa.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Courtesy Hartebeespoortdam Snake and Animal Park
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]
Randall Moore, aine nzou dzake dzaanotarisira musango romuAfrica