Kudzidza Kunovambira Munhumbu
KUNA Aristotle uropi hwomwana pakuberekwa hwaiva tabula rasa, chiredhi chisina kunyorwa. Anopfuura makore ane zviuru zviviri gare gare, vazhinji vakanga vachiri kuhurangarira zvinotipfuurei izvozvo zvishomanene. “Apo mwana anenge achangobva kuberekwa,” purofesa wezvokurapa wapaUniversity of Pennsylvania akanyora muna 1895 kuti, “akatingwarei zvishoma zvikuru kupfuura kabhichi.” Ngano haina kubvuma uye yakati mwana akadzidza munhumbu uye ane zivo yezvinoitika kunze kwayo. Zvino sayenzi inoti vose vari vaviri Aristotle napurofesa havana kururama uye kuti nyanzvi dzengano dzakarurama.
Uropi hune mavambo maduku, asi hunoorora sei pakukwana kwahwo! Kukura kwahwo kunovamba mukati mevhiki rechitatu renhumbu sechivanzarikwa chitete chamasero chinonzi neural plate. Nyanzvi yokuvhiiwa kwetsinga Richard M. Restak anotiudza zvahunova pakukwana kwenhumbu: “Asi kubvira pamavambo iwawo asingavimbisi pachakura mutezo unoisvoshamisa zvikuru munzvimbo yose inozivikanwa.” Zvimwe maitiro acho anovamba namasero 125 000 ndokuwedzera pamwero we 250 000 paminiti imwe. Restak anowedzera, kuti: “Pakupedzisira achawanziridzika mukuva tsinga dzina mabhirioni ane zana rimwe ari hwaro hwemishando yose youropi.”
Uropi zvahunokura, kochekedzano dzinoumbwa pakati petsinga dzahwo. Pakuzosvika pavhiki rorusere, idzi kochekedzano, dzinonzi synapses, dzinokura uye nokukurumidza dzinosvika mumamirioni sezvadzinogamuchira mishando yakawandisisa youropi hwomwana achigere kuumbika. Ndipowo panguva ino—pakupera kwomwedzi wechipiri wenhumbu—apo “chinhu chiri chose chichawanwa mumunhu akura zvizere . . . chasimbiswa,” mukuwirirana nebhuku rinorumbidzwa rinonzi A Child Is Born. Mativi ake ose omuviri ava munzvimbo, uye haasati arizve mwana achigere kuumbika. Mwero womwana achigere kuumbika woukuru nokukwana kwoudzame zvavamba. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzokupfupfudza pamuviri dzinotsunga kutiudza kuti haasati ari mupenyu.
Kupfakanyika kwapakuvamba-vamba kwomwana achigere kuumbika kunovamba pamavhiki manomwe nehafu. Pakuzosvika mavhiki 13 kuravidza kworurimi kwoshanda, uye gare gare kana shuga ikawedzerwa kumvura dzeshupa, mwero wokumedza unopeta nakaviri. Asi kana chimwe chinhu chinovava chikawedzerwa, mwana achikuumbika anodzivisa kumedza kwake nokukurumidza ndokufinyanisa chiso kuratidzira kusafara kwake. Pakuzosvika mavhiki 15 ne 16, kufema, kuita munhikwi, kuyamwa, kumedza, kushama n’ai, kufamba kwameso—uye mavhiki anotevera kurara kweREM—zvose izvozvi zviri kuitika. “Kutambanuko yakaganhurirwa,” Restak anoti, “mwana achigere kuumbika anokwanisawo kunzwa, kuona, kuravidza, kunhuhwidza, uye kunzwa ari munhumbu.” Asi achiri asati ari chisikwa chipenyu, nyanzvi dzokupfupfudza pamuviri dzinotisimbisira kudaro.
Mwana achangobva kuberekwa anoyeuka zvinhu zvaakaratidzirwa kwazviri munhumbu—kurova kwomwoyo waamai vake, somuenzaniso. Airara mukunzwika ikoko, aimukira makuri, aizorora makuri, aipfakanyika mumutinhimira wako. Kwakanga kuri shamwari yenguva dzose, kuchipa kunzwa kworunyararo nechengeteko. Vanzveri vanobvumikisa masimba ako anonyaradza mukunzvera munzvimbo yokusunungukira. Vana vakaratidzwa kukutapwa kwokurova kwomwoyo wohunhu vakachema zvishoma uye vakabudirira zviri nani zvikuru kupinda avo vasinakwo. Nomutoo unofadza, “nhumbu nokumwe kunzwika zvinonyaradza (kuvacheche vanosagarisika) bedzi apo vanoratidzirwa pamwero inoenzanisirwa neyoyo inowanwa munhumbu.”
Uropi hwomwana achigere kuumbika hahusati huchinobatanidzwa bedzi nemibato iri kunze kwenhumbu asi hunocherekedzawo nokuyeuka zvinhu zviri kuitika kunze. “Vivaldi ndimumwe wavarongi venziyo anodiwa zvikuru wavana vachigere kuberekwa,” anodaro Dr. Thomas Verny. “Mozart ndimumwe. Pari pose apo imwe yenziyo dzavo dzinokwamatata yakaridzwa parekodhipureya, anoshuma kudaro Dr. Clements, mwero yomwoyo yavana vachigere kuberekwa yakatsiga uye kubanha kwakaderera nomutoo wakasiana. . . . Zvimiro zvose zverock, kune rumwe rutivi, zvakasunda vana vazhinjisa vachigere kuberekwa kuva vanonyanduka.”
Dr. Anthony DeCasper, nyanzvi yendangariro paUniversity of North Carolina, akagadzira chitsunwa chisingatsigiri muviri chinodzora mwero wesundo yokuyamwa kwomucheche. Kupfurikidza nokuchinja mitoo yake yokuyamwa, mucheche anodzidza kusarudza mitinhimira yakatepwa yaanoda kunzwa—mamwe manzwi nenhau, somuenzaniso. Mwana achangobva kuberekwa awa rimwe kana kuti maviri akakwanisa kusarudza inzwi rababa vake, avo vakanga vataura kwaari mumashoko mapfupi anonyaradza apo iye akanga achingunoveri mudumbu. Mwanayo haana bedzi kungosarudza inzwi iroro kuti ateerere asi akaitawo chiito mundangariro ndokunyarara kuchema, achinzwa akakotsekana. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, aisarudza inzwi raamai vake kuti ariteerere, pamwe chete nokurova kwomwoyo wavo, zvose zviri zviviri zvazvo zvaakanga akura achirovedzana nazvo munhumbu.
Mune kumwe kunzvera, DeCasper akaita kuti vakadzi vane mimba 16 varave zvinonzwika nhau yavana inonzi The Cat in the Hat. Vakairava kaviri zuva riri rose kwamavhiki matanhatu nehafu okupedzisira enhumbu dzavo. Chinguvana pashure pokunge vana vaberekwa, vakabatanidzwa nomudziyo wokuyamwa, uye nhau mbiri dzakatepwa dzakavaridzirwa, The Cat in the Hat uye The King, the Mice and the Cheese. Kupfurikidza nomwero wavo wokuyamwa, vacheche muchinoitika chiri chose vakasarudza The Cat in the Hat sechisarudzo chavo chokuteerera, nhau yavakanzwa vari munhumbu. Vakaisarudza vaisarudzazve panzvimbo peyokuti The King, the Mice and the Cheese, yavakanga vasina kunzwa vari munhumbu. Vana vezera ripi neripi vanoita zvimwe chetezvo, nguva dzose vanoda kunzwa vanzwazve nhau yavo yavanoda, panzvimbo pokunzwa imwe itsva.
DeCasper akagumisa kuti: “Kunoratidzika sokunge kuti zvisarudzo zvokuteerera pashure pokuberekwa zvinopesvedzerwa nezvinonzwiwa pamberi pokuberekwa.” Dr. Restak, uyo akashuma pamusoro pouku kuwana, anoti: “Mwana anodzidza ari munhumbu, anoziva inzwi raamai vake, kunyange kukwidza nokuderedza kwavo inzwi nebhuku rimene ravari kurava.” Mhedziso yake: “Vana vachigere kuberekwa, namamwe mashoko, vanokwanisa kudzidza mano okuteerera vari munhumbu mwedzi yakati vasati vaada zvomenemene kana kuti vangakarirwa kuashandisa.”
Mwana adzidza zvakawanda munhumbu. Ashongedzerwa zvakanaka pakupedzisira kuti adzidze. Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidzira kuti kunyange mwana ari munhumbu uropi hunoshamisa. Achingunoveri imomo, anowana kukwana kuzere kwamasero etsinga. “Pakuberekwa, uropi huchangobva kuberekwa hune masero etsinga akawanda okuumba nawo kochekedzano anopfuura husati huchizombova nawo zvakare,” mukuwirirana nenyanzvi dzamasero etsinga. Kubvira pamavambo pahwo uhu upenyu hutsva huri munhumbu hwave hwakabatikana zvikuru kwemwedzi misere mukuita aya mabhirioni amasero etsinga uye kuita mabhirioni ekochekedzano pakati pawo, kuchiita kuti kupfakanyika, kufema, kuyamwa, kumedza, kuravidza, kuita weti, kunzwa, kuona, kudzidza, uye kuyeuka zvibvire. Ko munhu upi noupi akangwara anogona sei kutaura kuti ichi chisikwa hachisiri chipenyu?
Masayendisiti mazhinji namabhirioni avamwe nomutoo une mufungo vanodavira kuti upenyu hunovamba munhumbu pakunambwa. Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Mind, Dr. Restak anoti: “Mavambo echokwadi uye chinoitika chinokosha zvikurusa muupenyu hwedu nomutoo wakajeka ndicho chinhambo chokunambwa kwedu. MaChina anobvuma ikoku kupfurikidza nokuverenga zera kubvira pachinhambo ichecho; mwana anorangarirwa kuva ane zera regore rimwe pakuberekwa.”
Nhasi, vazhinji vanoda kudavira kuti vana havafaniri kurangarirwa soupenyu, munhu, kutozosvikira pakuberekwa, asi Shoko raMwari haribvumirani. Kana mwana achipfupfudzwa noune, murau waMwari ndouyu: ‘Upenyu nokuda kwoupenyu.’ Iwowu unosimbiswa pana Eksodho 21:22, 23: “Kana varume vakabatana matsimba nomumwe nomumwe uye vakakuvadza chaizvoizvo mukadzi ane nhumbu uye vana vake vanobuda asi hapana kuvadziko inouraya inoitika, iye achatemerwa kuvadziko pasina kundikano mukuwirirana neizvo mwene womudzimai angaisa paari; uye iye anofanira kuipa kupfurikidza navaruramisiri. Asi kana kuvadziko inouraya ikaitika, ipapo imi munofanira kupa mweya nokuda kwomweya [kana kuti, “upenyu nokuda kwoupenyu,” King James Version].”
Apo mwana anenge achiri munhumbu, Jehovha anomurangarira kuva munhu mupenyu. Kuti ikoko kudaro kwakajeka mumibato yako yose munhumbu. Sayenzi zvino yoziva kuti mativi ake ose omuviri anovapo uye anoshanda pakupera kwomwedzi wechipiri, kuti iye wonzwa, wodzidza, uye woyeuka. Zvamazvirokwazvo ndangariro yomwana achangobva kuberekwa haisati iri ‘chiredhi chisina kunyorwa’ sokutaura kwakaita Aristotle, uyewo mwana haasati achiziva ‘zvishomanene kupinda kabhichi’ sokutaura kwakaita purofesa wapayunivhesiti. Ane gadziriro yose yetsinga dzokunzwa yaachazova nayo nokusingaperi, uye akagadzirira kuona zviono zvitsva zvose nemibvumo nokunzwa izvo zvino zvinomupoteredza. Agadzirira kuenda! Kana kuti agadzirira here?
Amai vanogona kuita zvakawanda nokuda kwegarikano yomwana ari munhumbu mavo, kana kuti vanogona kuita kuvadziko kwaari. Mifungo yake inogona kumutapura, nokuda kwezvakanaka kana kuti nokuda kwezvakashata. Hakusati kuri kuti mwana achigere kuumbika achafunga mifungo yaamai; asi mifungo yaanofungisisa pamusoro payo inoparira mirangariro, uye mwana achigere kuumbika anotapurwa nemigariro yendangariro inoparirwa nemifungo iyeyo, kunyange ingava yechengeteko, yoruteramo, uye yorunyararo kana kuti yefunganyo, rutyo, uye hasha. Zvakatoipisisa, hosha dzinotapukira dzingapfuudzirwa kumwana dzichibva kuna amai kupfurikidza nomune ravakuru. Hosha dzinopfuuridzirwa muvatano, kunyange AIDS, dzinogona kupfuuridzirwa. Vanamai avo mukati mokuva nenhumbu vanoshandisa fodya, marijuana, zvinwiwa zvinodhakisa, morphine, cocaine, heroin, nemimwe mirimo vangasununguka vana vakapindwa muropa nemirimo, vane ndangariro dzakakangaidzika, uropi hwakakuvadzwa, miviri yakaumbika zvisina kufanira, inotapurwa nesituroko, pfavi, nemimwe miuyo inotyisa.
Mwana ari munhumbu haana kudzivirirwa kunyika iri kunze sezvaichimbofungwa navazhinji. Achingunoveri mudumbu, angave achitarisirwa norudo kana kuti achiitwa nyajambwa noutsinye. Kurapwai kunomumirira kana angosia nhumbu? Kudzidza kwake kunovambira munhumbu, asi zvinoitika zvake zvokudzidza zvichavei paanopinda munyika ino. Nomutoo wokukarira, vabereki vane rudo vakaroorana nomufaro vachaita kuti zvinoitika izvozvo zvive zvakanaka.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 14]
“Mutezo unoisvoshamisa zvikuru munzvimbo yose inozivikanwa”
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 14]
Mavhiki masere, uye mativi ake ose ava munzvimbo
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 15]
Ko munhu upi noupi akangwara anogona sei kutaura kuti ichi chisikwa hachisiri chipenyu?
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 17]
Masayendisiti mazhinji anodavira kuti upenyu hunovamba pakunambwa
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 16]
Mavhiki masere, masendimita 4 muurefu, uye mativi ake ose omuviri ava munzvimbo
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Photo: Lennart Nilsson for A Child Is Born - 1976 ed./Dell Publishing Co. (also page 2)