Asi Ndicho Chaichoicho Here?
ICHO mumwe munhu anogona kuita, mumwe munhu anogona kuita chenyengedzo. Chaunoona chichigoverwa chingaratidzika kuva chaichoicho chaunoda, asi ndicho chaichoicho here? Padzimwe nguva, mishonga mikurusa yakashandiswa kudzivisa kunyengedza. Mumwe mutengesi wapahotera wechiGermany muzana ramakore rechi 14 akaturikwa nokuda kwokutengesa waini yakaderera seRüdesheimer chaiyoiyo. MuBritain, mukati mamakore 140 pamberi pa 1832, vanopfuura vanhu vane 300 vakaturikwa ndokuurawa nokuda kwokunyengedza. Muna 1597 vapfuri vezvinhu zvendarama vakarovererwa padanda nomunzeve nokuda kwokuita zvenhema ndiro yendarama.
“Rushingairo rwokuunganidza rwakaparira paradhiso nokuda kwavatengesi vasina kutendeseka,” anodaro Mark Jones, akashanda nokuratidzira kweBritish Museum Fake? The Art of Deception. Kunyange vanhu vanozivisisa vanova vanyajambwa. Munhu Akaderera we“chisaririra” akanyengerwa ndokunyengedza gadziriro yesayenzi kwamakore. “Madhayari” aHitler akapa chipupuriro chakajeka kumano avanyengedzi kuti vanyengedze kunyange avo vanofanira kuziva zviri nani zvikuru.
“Nzvimbo inowedzera zvikuru nokuda kwokunyengedza nhasi,” anodaro Mark Jones, “ndiyo . . . yokunyengedza kukurusa kwezvinhu zvinodudzwa mazita echiratidzo.” Kwakarangarirwa, somuenzaniso, kuti makomupiyuta eApple yokunyengedza ane 10 000 kusvikira ku 15 000 akatengeswa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe muUnited States muna 1987. Nyengedzo yamamirioni $165 munyengedzo yemidziyo inoonekera yeWaterford, Ireland yakafumurwa pamisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. “Mifananidzo yemidziyo inoonekera yakaisvokurumbira yakanga ichibudiswa pafekitari mumusha uri kure weFrance,” yakadaro The Sunday Times muBritain.
Ichi chizvarwa chinochochora zvinhu zvoumbozha. “Nhasi,” anodaro Vincent Carratu, nyanzvi yehondo mukurwisana navanyengedzi, munyengedzi wezvokutengeserana “achabudisa zvizoro zveChanel zvenyengedzo, mangwana achachinjira kuhembe dzemitambo dzeFila, tevere gare gare iye achaodhesa zvokutambisa tenisi zvenyengedzo zveDunlop.” Zvipi nezvipi zvinodiwa nomutengi, munyengedzi anoita. Asi, Boka Rinorwisana Nokunyengedza reBritain rinonyevera kuti, “kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru . . . wachi yomurongedzeri ano‘tengesa’ inotengwa ne[$500] iyo inokosha chaizvoizvo [$50] bedzi.”
Nyengedzo Dzinotyisidzira Upenyu
Anti-Counterfeiting News inoratidzirawo chimwe chinetso, ngozi yezvinhu zvakaderera: “Zviitwa zvine ngozi nezvine mwero wakaderera zvinopa tyisidziro chaiyo kukotsekano yomutengi.” Yakakomba sei iyi tyisidziro? Trademark World inopa iyi mienzaniso: “Kuputsika kwendege kune gumi nekana uye zvimwe nzufu mbiri dzakarondwa kusvikira kumativi okubhururuka enyengedzo.” Dare Ravatengi Ramarudzi reBritain rakaratidzira kuti zviuru zvamapuragi amagetsi ane mwero uri pasi pomupimo namasirinda amabhureki emotokari okunyengedza ane zvitsivo zvendande zvakaderera zvakapinda sei mune zvokutengeserana. “Izvozvi zvose,” rakadaro, “zvinogona kupa ngozi kumutengi.”
Zvikurukuru vane mwoyo mikukutu ndaavo vanobudisa mirimo yokunyengedza. “Kusvikira ku 70% yemirimo inotengeswa mumativi eAfrica ndeyokunyengedza,” rinodaro Boka Rinorwisana Nokunyengedza muBritain. Somuenzaniso, mushonga unodonhedzerwa mumaziso unowanwa muNigeria, hauna muvhenganiswa une ukoshi hwomushonga uye wakagadzirwa nemvura ine tsvina. Yaigona kudai yakaparira upofu. “Kana vanhu vachizotsamira pa‘mishonga inorwisa utachiona’ isina mishonga inorwisa utachiona,” rakadaro Sangano Routano Renyika muna 1987, “kunosungirwa kuva nenzufu nokudaro kunyengedza ndiko mhondi hurusa.”
Kunyange mari yamapepa yebhangi yaunobata nayo ingava nyengedzo. Pamisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, mugore rimwe bedzi, mamirioni ane $550 mumari yamapepa yamadhora okunyengedza akabvutwa munyika yose. Mari yamapepa yokunyengedza ye $100 [Z$500] yakaparadzirwa muIreland yakanga iri yevara rakakwirira “zvokuti 155 [ya]kapfuudzwa mumabhangi makuru ose,” inodaro The Irish Times.
Chii chaungaita kuti uzvidzivirire umene panyengedzo? Imwe nyanzvi yenhau dzavatengi inotaura kuti “taviridziro yakanakisisa panyengedzo ndiyo mutengi anoziva.” Inowedzera, kuti: “Kana chichibvumikisa kuva chakanyanyonaka zvokusagona kuva chechokwadi, ipapo zvimwe chakadaro.”
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]
“Chisaririra” chePiltdown chakanga chiri nyengedzo yakanyengedza nyanzvi dzesayenzi kwamakore