Chiverengero Chinosuruvarisa Chokubvisa Mimba

VANA vasati vaberekwa vanobvira pamamirioni 50 kusvikira kumamirioni 60 vanoparara gore rimwe nerimwe kupfurikidza nokubvisa mimba. Unogona kunzwisisa chiverengero ichecho here? Kwaizova kwakafanana nokuparadzanya chiverengero chose chavagari vemo cheZvitsuwa zveHawaii vhiki rimwe nerimwe!

Zviverengero chaizvoizvo zvakaoma kuunganidza nemhaka yokuti hurumende zhinjisa hadzichengeti zvinyorwa zvokungwarira zvokubvisa mimba. Uye uko kubvisa mimba kwakaganhurirwa kana kuti kusiri kwapamutemo, nyanzvi dzinogona bedzi kupinza mungozi kufungidzira. Asi chimiro chokubvisa mimba kwenyika yose chinoratidzika sechimwe chinhu chakafanana neichi:

MuUnited States, kubvisa mimba muitiro wokuvhiya wechipiri unozivikanwa navose zvikurusa, unotevera kuvhiiwa kwokubviswa matonziro. Gore negore, kubvisa mimba kunopfuura mamirioni 1,5 kunoitwa. Voruzhinji vari pachena vavakadzi havana kuroorwa—4 muvane 5. Vakadzi vasina kuroorwa vakagumisa mimba dzavo kakawanda nekaviri kupfuura kubereka kwavakaita, nepo, paavhareji, vakadzi vakaroorwa vakabereka kakawanda nekane gumi kupfuura kubvisa mimba kwavakaita.

MuCentral neSouth America—zvikurukuru chiKaturike—mitemo yokubvisa mimba inoganhurira zvikurusa munyika. Hunyanguvezvo, kubvisa mimba kusiri kwapamutemo kunowanda, kuchipa ngozi dzakakomba dzoutano kuvakadzi. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi veBrazil vakabvisa mimba dzinenge mamirioni mana gore rakapera. Vanopfuura 400 000 vavo vaitofanira kutsvaka kurapwa nokuda kwezvinetso. MuLatin America chinenge chikamu chimwe chezvina chemimba dzose chinogumiswa.

Mhiri kweAtlantic munyika yeAfrica, mitemo yakakombawo. Kuvadziko nenzufu zvinozivikanwa navose, zvikurukuru pakati pavakadzi varombo vanotsvaka yamuro yavanachiremba vasiri vapamutemo.

MuMiddle East mose, nyika zhinji dzine mitemo yakakomba yakanyorwa, asi kubvisa mimba kuchiri kutsvakwa zvakafara uye kunowanwa navakadzi vaya vanokwanisa kubhadhara miripo yakakwirira.

Huzhinjisa hweEurope yokuMadokero hunobvumira kubvisa mimba kwakati, Scandinavia ichiva yakasununguka zvikurusa. National Health Service yeBritain yakachengeta chinyorwa chokubvisa mimba chifo chaapo muitiro wacho wakanyoreswa pamutemo muna 1967. Yakaona kupetwa kwechiverengero chokubvisa mimba pamwe chete newedzero mukubereka kusiri kwapamutemo, hosha dzinopfuudziranwa muvatano, uhure, uye vhiringidziko zhinjisa dzokubereka.

Eastern Europe munguva ino iri kuwana chinjo huru, ndozviri kuitawo mitemo yokubvisa mimba imomo. Mune yaichimbova Soviet Union, kubvisa mimba kunofungidzirwa pamamirioni 11 gore negore, pakati pechiverengero chikurusa munyika yose. Nembinjiri dzinoshaikwa uye migariro yemari yakashata, mukadziwo zvake munzvimbo iyeyo angabvisa mimba dzinovambira panhanhatu kusvikira kupfumbamwe munduramo yake.

MuEastern Europe mose kombamiro inowanzonangidzirwa kurusununguko. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iRomania, uko yaichimbova hurumende yakaramba nomutoo wokushingaira kubvisa mimba uye yakarambidza kudzivisa kuva nemimba kuti ikurudzire wedzero yechiverengero chavagari vemo. Vakadzi vaigombedzerwa kubereka mupimo wavana vanenge vana, uye pakazosvika 1988, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa nherera dzeRomania dzakanga dzichifashukira nepwere dzakasiiwa. Nokudaro, sezvo hurumende yokuchinja ya 1989 yakabvisa idzi ganhuriro pakubvisa mimba, vana 3 ve 4 vari vose vanobviswa, mwero mukurusa weEurope.

Asia ine chiverengero chikurusa chokubvisa mimba. People’s Republic of China, nomuitiro wayo unokurudzira mhuri kuva nomwana mumwe bedzi uye kubvisa mimba kwokugombedzerwa, ine chiverengero chikurusa chokubvisa mimba, ichishuma mamirioni 14 pagore. MuJapan, vakadzi vanoshongedza twumifananidzo twunoitwa namabwe namafasikoti nezvimudhori mukuyeuka vana vavo vakabviswa. Voruzhinji vane funganyo huru pamusoro pamapiritsi okudzora kubereka, uye kubvisa mimba ndiwo mutoo mukuru wokuronga mhuri.

MuAsia mose, uye zvikurukuru muIndia, ruzivo rwokurapa rwakaparira mugariro wakaipa nokuda kwavanoshingairira maruramiro avanhukadzi. Unyanzvi hwakadai seamniocentesis uye ultrasound hunogona kushandiswa kuwana rudzi rwomwana panhambo dzokutangisisa dzemimba. Tsika yokuMabvazuva yanguve ichikoshesa vanakomana kupfuura vanasikana. Naizvozvo uko yose iri miviri miitiro yokuziva rudzi rwomwana uye kubvisa mimba inowanwa nyore nyore, vana vasati vakwana vechikadzi vari kubviswa muzviverengero zvikuru, mwero yokubereka isingawiriranisi vanhurume/vanhukadzi. Sangano ravanorwira maruramiro avanhukadzi zvino riri munzvimbo inopokanidza, kutaura idi, yokuda maruramiro avanhukadzi okubvisa vana vasati vakwana vechikadzi.

Izvo Amai Vanonzwa

Sezvinoitika kune mimwe miitiro yokurapa, kubvisa mimba kune mwero wakati wengozi namarwadzo. Mukati mokuva nemimba muromo wenhumbu, kana kuti chibereko, wakavhara zvakasimba kuti uchengete mwana zvakakotsekana. Kukudza nokupinzwa kwezvishandiso kunogona kuva kunorwadza uye kunokuvadza. Kubvisa mimba kwokukweva mwana kungatora maminiti 30 kana kuti anopfuura, umo vakadzi vakati vangatambura mukati mako marwadzo ane mwero kusvikira kumakuru uye kuva nechinyamunhari. Nokubvisa mimba nesaline, marwadzo okubereka nguva isati yasvika anoparirwa, pane dzimwe nguva kupfurikidza neyamuro yeprostaglandin, mushonga unotanga marwadzo okubereka. Kufunyana kungagara kwamaawa kana kuti kunyange mazuva uye kungava kunorwadza uye kunokuvadza mundangariro.

Zvinetso zvapakarepo zvinoparirwa nokubvisa mimba zvinobatanidza kubuda ropa, kuvadziko kana kuti kuparuka kwomuromo wechibereko, kubooka kwechibereko, kugwamba kweropa, rusemo rwomutindivadzo, berevere, fivhiri, kutonhorwa, uye kurutsa. Ngozi youtachiona yakakwirira zvikuru kana mativi omucheche kana kuti placenta zvikasarira mumimba. Kubvisa mimba kusakakwana kunozivikanwa, uye kuvhiya ipapo kungava kuri madikanwa kubvisa chisaririra chinoora chakasara kana kuti kunyange kubvisa chibereko chose. Fundo dzehurumende muUnited States, Britain, uye yaichimbova Czechoslovakia dzinokarakadza kuti kubvisa mimba kunowedzera zvikuru bviro dzomunguva yemberi dzokusabereka, mimba yomuchubhu, kupfupfudzika, kubereka nguva isati yasvika, uye hurema.

Aichimbova mukuru wokuvhiya weUnited States C. Everett Koop akataura kuti hakuna munhu akanga aita “fundo pakuita kwendangariro kana kuti kuva nemhaka kwomukadzi akabvisa mimba uye zvino anoda zvikurukuru mwana uyo waasingagoni kuva naye.”

Fundo dzokubvisa mimba dzinofanira kuve dzakabatanidza mumapoka adzo okudzora maKristu akachena maduku ayo anoramba ari akachena nokuda kwokuremekedza upenyu nemitemo yaMwari. Fundo dzakadaro dzaizove dzakawana kuti ivava vanofarikanya ukama hwakanaka zvikuru, kuzviremekedza kukuru, uye rugare runogarisa rwendangariro.

Icho Mwana Asati Aberekwa Anonzwa

Kunonzwika sei kumwana asati aberekwa kuva akachengetwa zvakakotsekana mukudziya kwenhumbu yaamai vake dzokonokei nokukurumidza ova anodenhwa nesimba rinouraya? Tinogona bedzi kufungidzira, nokuti nhau yacho haisati ichizotongotaurwa zvakananga.

Kubvisa mimba kuzhinjisa kunoitwa mumavhiki 12 okutanga oupenyu. Panosvika iyi nhambo mwana asati aberekwa mudukusa anofema uye anomedza, uye mwoyo wake unorova. Anogona kugonya zvigunwe zvake zvidukusa, kupfumbata tsiva, kuvhinyinguka munzvimbo yake yemvura—uye anorwadziwa.

Vana vasati vakwana vazhinjisa vanomwaurwa munhumbu ndokweverwa muchirongo nepombi yevacuum ine muromo wakapinza. Muitiro wacho unonzi vacuum aspiration. Kukweva kune simba (kunowanziridza nekane 29 simba revacuum yokuchenesa yapamba) kunomwaura kamuviri. Vamwe vacheche vanobviswa kupfurikidza nokukudza uye kupara, banga rine hocheko rinopara mukati mechibereko, richicheka-cheka mwana kuva zvidimbu.

Vana vasati vakwana vakura kupfuura mavhiki 16 vangafa nomutoo wokubvisa mimba nesaline, kana kuti muchetura womunyu. Nariti refu inobaya shupa, inobvisa imwe yemvura yeshupa, ndokuitsiva nemvura yomunyu inoitwa kuti ive nesimba guru. Sezvo mwana anomedza uye kufema, achizadza mapapu ake asina kusimba nemvura dzine chepfu, anopfiripfitika uye anopfauna. Muuyo wokupisa womuchetura unopisa ganda rapamusoro, uchirisiya riri mbishi uye rafinyana. Uropi hwake hungavamba kubuda ropa. Rufu runorwadza rungasvika mumaawa, nepo panhambo nenhambo apo marwadzo okubereka anovamba zuva rimwe kana kuti anopfuura gare gare, mwana mupenyu asi ari kufa anosunungukwa.

Kana mwana akura zvikurusa zvokusagona kuurawa neiyi mitoo kana kuti yakafanana, chisarudzo chimwe chinosara—kuvhiya chibereko, kuvhiya kune donzo rakasiana, kugumisa upenyu panzvimbo pokuhuponesa. Nhumbu yaamai inovhiiwa, uye dzinenge nguva dzose mwana mupenyu anobudiswa. Angatochema. Asi anofanira kusiiwa kuti afe. Vamwe vanourawa noune kupfurikidza nokudzipa, kunyudza mumvura, uye mudzimwe nzira.

Izvo Chiremba Anonzwa

Kwamazana amakore vanachiremba vakagamuchira mipimo inoratidzirwa mumhiko yaHippocrates anokudzwa, iyo inoti murutivi: “Handisati ndichizopa murimo unouraya kuna ani zvake, kunyange kana ukakumbirwa, kana kuti kupangira munhu kushandisa murimo unouraya, uye hakuna mukadzi wandichazobvisa mimba, asi ndichashandisa unyanzvi hwangu hwokurapa ndisina mhaka uye nenzira inokudzwa.”

Kurwisana kwakadini kwetsika kwakanangana navanachiremba vanogumisa upenyu huri munhumbu? Dr. George Flesh anokurondedzera neiyi nzira: “Kubvisa mimba kwangu kwokutanga, sachiremba ari kupedza rovedzo nomugari wapachipatara, hakuna kundiparira kutambudzika kwendangariro. . . . Kusagutsikana kwangu kwakavamba pashure pokuita mazana mazhinji okubvisa mimba. . . . Neiko ndakachinja? Pakutanga mukurapa kwangu, vaviri vakaroorana vakauya kwandiri ndokukumbira kubvisa mimba. Nemhaka yokuti chibereko chomurwere chakanga chakaomarara, ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kuchikudza kuti ndiite muitiro wacho. Ndakamukumbira kudzoka pashure pevhiki, apo chibereko chaizove chapfava zvikuru. Vaviri vakaroorana vakadzoka ndokundiudza kuti vakanga vachinja mirangariro yavo. Ndakasunungusa mwana wavo mwedzi minomwe gare gare.

“Makore akati gare gare, ndakatamba naJeffrey muduku muduhwino pakirabhu yetenisi uko vabereki vake neni taiva mitezo. Akanga achifadza uye akaisvonaka. Ndakatyiswa kufunga kuti mhinganidzo younyanzvi bedzi yakanga yandidzivisa kugumisa upenyu hunobvira hwaJeffrey. . . . Ndinodavira kuti kumwaura mwana asati akwana, mutezo nomutezo, pakungokumbira kwaamai bedzi chiito choushati icho nzanga isati ichifanira kubvumira.”

Mumwe mukoti uyo akarega kubetsera kubvisa mimba akazivisa pamusoro pebasa rake mukiriniki yokubvisa mimba: “Rimwe ramabasa edu rakanga riri rokuverenga nhengo. . . . Kana musikana akaenda kumba nenhengo dzomuviri dzichiri muchibereko chake, panogona kuva nezvinetso zvakakomba. Ndaitora nhengo dzacho ndokunzvera nokungwarira kuva nechokwadi chokuti paiva namaoko maviri, makumbo maviri, dumbu, musoro. . . . Ndine vana vana. . . . Pakanga pane rwisano huru pakati poupenyu hwangu hwebasa noupenyu hwangu hwomunhu oga yandakanga ndisati ndichigona kuyananisa. . . . Kubvisa nhumbu ibasa rakaoma.”

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MuAsia, uko vanarume vanodiwa, vanachiremba vanobvisa zviuru zvavana vasina kukwana vechikadzi

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Photo: Jean-Luc Bitton/Sipa Press

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Mutori wenhau pakuratidzirwa kwokuramba kubvisa mimba achitora mifanikiso mwana asina kukwana wamavhiki 20 anobviswa pamutemo

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Photo: Nina Berman/Sipa Press

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Kuratidzirwa kwokuda kubvisa mimba muWashington, D.C., U.S.A.

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Photo: Rose Marston/Sipa Press

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MuUnited States, vakadzi 4 muvane 5 vanotsvaka kubvisa mimba havana kuroorwa