Vechiduku Vanobvunza Kuti . . .

AIDS—Ndiri Pangozi Here?

MAGAZINI yeNewsweek yakataura kuti chiziviso chacho ‘chakakatyamadza nyika.’ Pana November 7, 1991, mumhanyi akakurumbira weUnited States Earvin “Magic” Johnson akaudza vatsikiriri kuti akanga abatira utachiona hweAIDS. Pashure pouku kubvuma kunokatyamadza, nhare dzakanga dzakabatikana zvikuru namashoko eAIDS. Zvimwe zvipatara zvakazadzwa nezvikumbiro zvokunzverwa AIDS. Vamwe vanhu vakatoderedza mufambiro wavo wamadiro—zvimwe kwechinguvana.

Zvichida tapuro huru yeiyi ziviso yakanga iri pavanhu vaduku. Mutungamiriri wamabasa outano pane imwe yunivhesiti akati: “Vadzidzi vanorangarira shoko rokuti ‘kwakaitika kwaari, kungagona kuitika kwandiri’—kwenguva pfupi. . . . Nokuda kwavadzidzi vazhinjisa, chakaitika kuna Magic Johnson hachisati chichireva kuti vanoita chinjo mumufambiro wavo. Vachiri kufunga kuti vanogona ‘kukuita vasingatapurwi.’”

Bhaibheri rakaporofita kuti nguva dzedu dzaizoratidzirwa na“matenda,” ndiko kuti, kupararira nokukurumidza kwehosha dzinotapukira. (Ruka 21:11, NW) AIDS inogona zvirokwazvo kunzi denda. Kwakatora makore masere—kubvira muna 1981 kusvikira kuna 1989—kuti zvirwere zvokutanga 100 000 zveAIDS zvizivikanwe muUnited States. Asi kwakatora makore maviri bedzi kuti zvirwere zvechipiri 100 000 zvishumwe!

Mukuwirirana neU.S. Centers for Disease Control, ichi chiverengero chinoodza mwoyo “chinosimbisa mwero unowedzera nokukurumidza wedenda re[AIDS] muUnited States.” AIDS idenda renyika yose, zvisinei, rinoparira nzufu dzakawanda norusuruvaro muAfrica mose, Asia, Europe, uye Latin America. Nenzira ine mufungo, Dr. Marvin Belzer weChildren’s Hospital muLos Angeles anoidza AIDS kuti “chinetso chinotyisidzira zvikurusa chakatarisana nepwere muma 1990.”

Hosha Ine Unyengeri

Chii chaizvo chiri iyi hosha inotyisidzira, uye neiko ichiuraya zvikuru? Vanachiremba vanodavira kuti AIDS inotanga apo chinhu chidukusa—utachiona hunonzi HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)—hunopinda muropa. Hwangova imomo bedzi, utachiona hunotanga basa rokutsvaka nokuparadza mukurwisana namamwe amasero machena eropa omuviri, mubetseri wamaT cells. Aya masero anoita basa guru mukubetsera muviri kudzivisa hosha. Utachiona hweAIDS, zvisinei, hunoatadzisa kushanda, huchiparadza gadziriro yokusatapurwa nehosha.

Nguva yakati ingapfuura munhu ane utachiona asati arwara. Vamwe vangasava nechiratidzo kwaangasvika makore gumi. Asi pashure penguva yakati zviratidzo zvinenge zvedzihwa zvinotanga—kurasikirwa nouremu nokusava nechishuvo chezvokudya, fivhiri, uye manyoka. Sezvo gadziriro yokusatapurwa nehosha inopfuurira kuparadzika kwayo, nyajambwa anova anotapurwa nezvirwere zvakawanda—mabayo, meningitis, rurindi, kana kuti marudzi akati ekenza—zvinonzi zvebanza nemhaka yokuti zvinoshandisa banza rakaparirwa nedziviso yakaderera yanyajambwa.

“Ndinorwadziwa nguva yose,” anodaro mumwe nyajambwa weAIDS wamakore 20 okukura. Hosha yacho yakaparira maronda muura hwake nomumugaratsvina. AIDS yakagara kwenguva refu inoreva zvinopfuura kusagadzikana namarwadzo, zvisinei; nokuti vanodokuva vanyajambwa vayo vose, inoreva rufu. Chifo cha 1981 utachiona hwacho hwakapararira kuvanopfuura vanhu vane mirioni muUnited States moga. Vanopfuura 160 000 vakatofa. Nyanzvi dzinodeya kutaura kuti panozosvika gore ra 1995, chiverengero chavanyajambwa chichapetwa nakaviri. Pari zvino hakuna mushonga unozivikanwa weAIDS.

Pwere Dziri Pangozi

Kusvikira zvino, chikamu chiduku bedzi chezvinoitika zveAIDS chakashumwa—chisingasviki 1 muzana muUnited States—chinobatanidza vachiri kuyaruka. Naizvozvo, ungasaziva iwe pachako nezvepwere dzipi nedzipi dzakafa nehosha yacho. Ikoku hakusati kuchireva kuti pwere hadzisi pangozi! Chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chavanyajambwa vose veAIDS muUnited States vari mumakore avo omuma 20. Sezvo kuchitora makore anoverengeka kuti zviratidziro zvive zvinooneka, vazhinjisa vaava vanhu vakatapurwa zvikuru apo vakanga vachiri mumakore okuyaruka kwavo. Kana miitiro yazvino uno ikapfuurira, zviuru zvepwere dzakawanda zvichava varwere veAIDS.

Mukuwirirana neU.S. Centers for Disease Control, utachiona hunouraya hunovanda “muropa, muurume, uye muzvinoyerera zvomumuromo wechibereko zvavanhu vakatapurwa.” HIV naizvozvo inopfuudzwa kupfurikidza no“kuva nevatano—yomumuromo wechibereko, yokushure, kana kuti yomukanwa—nomunhu ane chirwere.” Voruzhinjisa zvikuru vakabatira chirwere chacho nouyu mutoo. AIDS inogonawo kupfuudzwa kupfurikidza “nokushandisa kana kuti kubaiwa nenariti yejekiseni kana kuti chibatiso chejekiseni chakashandiswa nomunhu kana kuti nokuda kwomunhu ane chirwere.” Kupfuurirazve, “vamwe vanhu vakatapurwa kupfurikidza nokugamuchira kuisirwa ropa” rakashatiswa neHIV.—Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: Facts, Issues, and Answers.

Vanhu vaduku vakawanda naizvozvo vari pangozi. Zviverengero zvinokatyamadza zvepwere (vamwe vanotaura kuti vakawanda se 60 muzana muUnited States) zvakaedza mirimo isiri pamutemo. Sezvo mimwe yeiyi mirimo ichibairwa, ngozi yechirwere inopfuudzwa nenariti yakashatiswa yakakura. Mukuwirirana nokumwe kunzvera kweUnited States 82 muzana yavadzidzi vechikoro chapamusoro (sekondari) yakashandisa zvinwiwa zvinodhakisa, inenge 50 muzana ichiita kudaro iye zvino. Haubatiri AIDS nokunwa koti yedoro, asi pashure ringakanganisa kusarudza kwako uye ndokukuita kubvire zvikuru kuti upinde mumufambiro une ngozi zvikurusa kupfuura yose—vatano yokusasarura, vatano yavanhu vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yokubereka nayo kana kuti vatano yavanhu vane mitezo yakasiana yokubereka nayo.

Muna 1970 vasingasviki 5 muzana vavasikana vane makore 15 okukura vakanga vava nevatano. Pakazosvika 1988 chiverengero ichocho chakanga chakura kusvikira ku 25 muzana. Pazera ramakore 20, sezvo kunzvera kunoratidzawo, 75 muzana yavanhukadzi uye 86 muzana yavanhurume muUnited States vanova nevatano. Chimwe chiverengero chinotyisa: anenge mumwe muvashanu wavachiri kuyaruka akava nevatano nedzinopfuura shamwari ina. Hungu, pwere dzakawanda dziri kupinda muvatano yapamberi peroorano, uye dziri kutanga dziri duku kupfuura nakare kose.

Chiono chacho chakashata zvakafanana mune dzimwe nyika. Munyika dzeLatin America, vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvina vepwere dzichiri kuyaruka vakapinda muvatano yapamberi peroorano. Munyika dzeAfrica varume vazhinji vakashumwa kuva vakasarudza vasikana vachiri kuyaruka seshamwari dzevatano mukuedza kuzvidzivirira vamene kuutachiona hweAIDS. Muuyo wacho? Kuwanda kwezvinoitika zveAIDS pakati pavasikana vachiri kuyaruka veAfrica.

Kupararira kweAIDS kwakaita zvishoma kumisa uyu muitiro womufambiro unoparadza. Rangarira imwe nyika yeLatin America. Vanopfuura 60 muzana va“vanhu vaduku vanova nevatano vasina kuroorwa vane ngozi huru yokuwana utachiona hweAIDS.” Zvisinei, vasingasviki 10 muzana vanorangarira kuti vari pangozi ivo pachavo. Vanozviudza vamene kuti: ‘Hakusati kuchizoitika kwandiri.’ Asi iyi nyika ine “mwero yakakwirira zvikurusa yechirwere cheHIV munyika dzeAmerica.”—U.S. Centers for Disease Control.

Kunogona Kuitika!

Denda reAIDS rinosimbisa uzvokwadi hwenyevero dzeBhaibheri dzokuti “miuyo” youtere hwevatano “inovava segavakava.” (Zvirevo 5:3-5, NW; 7:21-23) Chokwadika, Bhaibheri rinonongedzera zvikurukuru kukuvadziko yomudzimu neyendangariro. Asi hakufaniri kutishamisa kuti utere hwevatano hunewo chiverengero chekuvadziko dzomuviri dzemiuyo yapashure.

Naizvozvo kunokosha kuti vanhu vaduku vanangane chaizvoizvo nengozi yokubatira AIDS nezvimwe zvirwere zvinopfuudzwa muvatano. Chimiro chendangariro chokuda kuzvigutsa chokuti AIDS ‘haigoni kuitika kwandiri’ chinogona kubvumikisa kuva chinouraya. “Apo unenge wava namakore gumi namashanu kana kuti gumi namatanhatu kana kuti kunyange gumi namanomwe, gumi namasere, gumi namapfumbamwe, kana kuti makumi maviri, unoda kufunga kuti hautapuriki,” akadaro mumwe murume muduku anonzi David. Maidi anobvumikisa zvakasiana, zvisinei. David akabatira utachiona hweAIDS pazera ramakore 15.

Kukutaura zvakajeka, ipapoka: Kana uri kuedza mirimo isiri pamutemo kana kuti kupinda muvatano yapamberi peroorano, uri pangozi! Zvakadiniko, kunyange zvakadaro, nezvokutaura kwokuti munhu anogona kupinda “muvatano yakakotsekana”? Pane nzira chaidzoidzo here dzokuzvidzivirira umene pane iri denda? Nyaya yedu inotevera mune iyi nhevedzano ichakurukura iyi mibvunzo.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 22]

Zvimwe Zvirwere Zvinopfuudzwa Muvatano

AIDS yakava misoro mikuru yenhau. Zvisinei, The Medical Post inonyevera kuti: ‘Canada iri pakati pavane denda ravachiri kuyaruka reSTD [zvirwere zvinopfuudzwa muvatano].’ Canada haisati iri yoga. “Gore rimwe nerimwe mamirioni 2,5 avachiri kuyaruka veUnited States anotapurwa neSTD,” inodaro Center for Population Options iri muUnited States. “Ichi chiverengero chinomirira anenge mumwe muvachiri kuyaruka vatanhatu vari vose vanova nevatano uye mumwe muvashanu vane zvinoitika zvavose zveSTD.”

Njovhera, somuenzaniso, yakambofungwa kuva panzira yokuparara, yakadzokazve mumakore achangobva kupfuura, ichiuraya vanyajambwa vaduku muzviverengero zvikuru. Chinzonono nechlamydia (maSTD akapararira zvikurusa muUnited States) nenzira yakafanana zvakabvumikisa kuva zvinorwisana nenhamburiko dzokuzvibvisa. Uye vachiri kuyaruka vane mwero yakakwiririsa yokutapurwa. The New York Times nenzira yakafanana inoshuma “kuwedzera kwokukurumidza” muchiverengero chavachiri kuyaruka vanotambudzwa nezvirwere zvemitezo yokubereka nayo. Zviuru zvepwere zvinewo utachiona hwamaronda. Mukuwirirana neScience News, “vanhu vane maronda emitezo yokubereka nayo vane banza guru rokutapurwa ne[HIV], iyo inoparira AIDS.”

Center for Population Options inoti: “Nepo vachiri kuyaruka vachiwana mwero yakakwirira yeSTD kupfuura rimwe boka ripi neripi rezera, havawanzokwanisa kuwana kurapwa. Apo vanosiiwa vasina kunzverwa nokurapwa, STD inoparira mwero wakakwirira wehosha dzokuzvimba chibereko, kusazvara, nhumbu dzinobva, uye kenza yechibereko.”

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 20, 21]

Munhu upi noupi anobaira mirimo isiri yapamutemo kana kuti anova nevatano yokusasarura anopinda mungozi yakakomba yokubatira AIDS