AIDS Yakapararira Zvakadini muAfrica?
Yakanyorwa nomunyori waMukai! muAfrica
SEZVINGABVIRA wakanzwa kudeya kutaura. Kwakanga kuchityisa. Mamirioni munyika yeAfrica angawana AIDS. Gadziriro yomunhu yedziviriro dzomuviri dzingaputsika, dzichisia dziviriro dzomuzvarirwo dzomuviri dzakazarukira vhozhokero yehosha dzinotyisa. Sezvakaitika kudenda rokuzvimba mwambabvu iro rakarovanya Europe muzana ramakore rechi 14, rufu noruparadziko pamwero usingaenzanisirwi zvingatevera.
Ipapo pakava nokutindika kwechinguvana muhuwandu hwenhau pamusoro peAIDS. Manyuko enhau akazadzwa, uye vanhu vakapera simba nezvekudeya kutaurwa kwezuva roruparadziko. Raizova rakapararira kudaro chaizvoizvo here? Chaizvoizvo kupararira kwechokwadi kwedenda reAIDS muAfrica kwakadini?
“Hakuna munhu anoziva kuti nhamba dzomunguva yemberi dzichava dzakadini,” anodaro munzveri weAIDS Dr. Andre Spier. Asi haana tariro. “Chiverengero chichava huwandu hwakati kuti uye chinoparadza zvikuru kunzanga yose.” Nomutoo wakafanana, pamusangano weAIDS wamarudzi ose wa 1988 muStockholm, Sweden, Dr. Lars Kallings akadeya kutaura kuti “mumakore akati kuti bedzi . . . [ku]chava nechiverengero chezvitunha chinotyisa.”
Anopfuura “makore akati kuti” apfuura chifo chokudeya kutaura ikoko. Zvino kuzhinji kwokudeya kutaura kwacho kwakarurama mukuzivisa zviri mberi. Zvaimbova zviverengerowo zvazvo kare zvino zvakava zviverengero chaizvoizvo zvavanhu vakafa. Uye zvakaipisisa zvichigere kusvika.
Vakafa Navari Kufa
Murakatira worufu noruparadziko uri kubatanidza mativi mazhinji enyika dzeAfrica dzokumaodzanyemba kweSahara. “Munzvimbo dzomumaguta dzakati kuti,” unodaro mushumo wazvino uno mumagazini yesayenzi inonzi Nature, “AIDS zvino yava chisakiso chikuru chokufa muvakuru uye chimwe chezvisakiso zvikuru zvokufa kwavana.” Mune rimwe guta romuAfrica, vaprista vanoomerwa kuti vagonane namakumi amariro ane chokuita neAIDS avanofanira kuitisa.
Muna October 1991 misoro yehurumende dzeCommonwealth iyo yakasangana muHarare, Zimbabwe, yakapiwa chiziviso chakanyorwa chinozivisa zviri mberi pamusoro peAIDS muAfrica. Kwakaziviswa kuti pakati pe 50 ne 80 muzana yemibhedha yose yomuzvipatara mune dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica munguva ino yakanga ine varwere veAIDS. Pamusoro peUganda yakatapurwa zvikurusa, nyanzvi yeAIDS Dr. Stan Houston yakazivisa kuti AIDS yakatouraya vanhu vakawanda muUganda kupfuura vakaurawa mumakore ose 15 apfuura ehondo yavagari vemo munyika iyoyo.
Kunokatyamadza zvakaenzana ndiko kuwana kwavanachiremba nenyanzvi dzesayenzi muAbidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Kwenhambo inopfuura mwedzi inoverengeka, zvitunha zvose pamamochari maviri makurusa omuguta zvakanzverwa. Muuyo wakavei? Magazini inonzi Science, yaiva nomushumowo, yakazivisa kuti AIDS yakawanwa kuva “chisakiso chikuru chorufu” pakati pavarume vakura muAbidjan. Magaziniyo inowedzera kuti nhamba dzakanokorwa “zvimwe dzakaderedza kuuraya kwechokwadi kunoparirwa noutachiona hweHIV [Human Immunodeficiency Virus].”
Kunyange WHO (World Health Organization), iyo inotarisira kupararira kwenyika yose kwehosha, inobvuma kuti ikoku kunongova bedzi rutivi ruduku runomirira rutivi rukuru zvikuru rwuchiri rwakavandika. Mukuwirirana nemagazini inonzi New Scientist, WHO “inopwiswa kuti nyika zhinji dzeEast neCentral Africa dzakangoshuma bedzi chinenge chikamu chimwe chegumi chezvirwere zveAIDS . . . Kushuma hakuna kukwana uye hakuna kururama nokuti kunzveresesa hakuna kukwana.”
Utachiona Hwakavanzika
Chinhu chinotyisa pamusoro peAIDS inhambo refu youtachiona inotangira zviratidzo chaizvo zvomuviri zvokuratidzika zvizere kweAIDS. Nokuti kusvikira kumakore ane gumi, mutakuri akatapurwa angachengeta HIV inouraya mumuviri wake. Angaratidzika uye anganzwa ari mutano. Kutoti nyajambwa akanzverwa nokuda kwehoshayo, haazotongozivi kuti iye akanangana nechirwere chinouraya—kutozosvikira zviratidzo zvaoneka! Ndichochi chikamu chinoratidzika kuva chine utano, bva chakatapurwa, chechiverengero chavagari vapasi chiri kuparadzira AIDS nomutoo wokusaziva.
Kunzverwa kwemwero youtachiona hweHIV kunozivisa tambanuko iyo denda rinouraya zvino riri kupararira nesimba kusvikira kwairi muAfrica. Magazini inonzi African Affairs, somuenzaniso, inoratidzira kuti “nzvimbo inogarwa navazhinji zvikuru muLake Victoria . . . inoshuma kupararira kukuru kwe[HIV] . . . , kuvambira panzvimbo ipi neipi kubvira pa 10 kusvikira ku 18 muzana nokuda kwavakura vanorangarirwa kuva vari mungozi yakaderera kana kuti yapakati napakati kusvikira ku 67 muzana nokuda kwaavo vane chiverengero chikuru chezvikomba zvevatano.” Nomutoo wakafanana, magazini inonzi Nature yakakarakadza kuti “muchiverengerowo zvacho chavagari vapasi chavakura, kutapura kwakapararira nomutoo wakatsiga chifo cha 1984, kuchisvika 20-30% munzvimbo dzomuguta dzakatapurwa zvakaipisisa.” Chimbofunga hako—chinenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chechiverengero chavagari vapasi vakuru chinoshurikidzirwa rufu mukati mamakore ane gumi!
Hurumende navatungamiriri, vaichimbozengurira kuzivisa tambanuko yeAIDS, zvino vari kuva vanosvinurira tyisidziro izere yedendaro. Aichimbova purezidhendi weAfrica akapa kuramba kwake kurwisana neAIDS—pashure pokunge mwanakomana wake amene afa nayo. Mumwe mutungamiriri wehurumende pamisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi akanyevera kuti kwakanga kuna vanhu vakatapurwa neHIV vane 500 000 munyika yake. Vazhinjisa vaivava havana kuziva kuti vakanga vachirwara nomutoo unouraya uye vakanga vachiparadzira denda kupfurikidza netsika yavo yamadiro.
“Vaudzei Zvakaitika Muno”
Chiverengero muzana chavanhu vanotapurwa noutachiona hweHIV zvainokura nomutoo wakatsiga, chiverengero icho pakupedzisira chinorwara zvikurusa ndokufa chichawedzera nomutoo unokatyamadza. Somuuyo vachasia nhamo nokusuruvara. Pamuganho weUganda neTanzania wakatapurwa zvikuru neAIDS, kwakaitika kuna Khamlua ane zera ramakore 59. Chifo cha 1987 iye akaviga 11 vavana vake navazukuru—vose vari vanyajambwa veAIDS. “Budisirai zvichemo zvangu munyika,” anodanidzira kudaro, amomoterwa nengwavaira. “Vaudzei zvakaitika muno.”
Nemhaka yemitoo imene iyo AIDS iri kuparadzirwa nayo, zvakaitika kuna Khamlua muAfrica zvinotyisidzira kuitika muna mamwe mativi akawanda enyika. ‘Asika,’ ungabvunza kudaro, ‘neiko Africa iri kutambura nhamo nokutambura kukuru zvikuru kwavanhu?’
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 3]
Munyika dzichiri kubudirira, “pakuzosvika muna 1993, AIDS ichava chisakiso chimwe chikurusa chenzufu.”—The World Today, England