“Ngatizvivakirei Timene Guta”
Yakanyorwa nomunyori waMukai! muGermany
NDOKWECHOKWADI neinenge 50 muzana kuti unogara muguta. Mukuwirirana nedzimwe fungidziro, inodokuva hafu yavagari vomunyika vanodaro. Mamwe manyuko anotaura kuti “pamwero wazvino uno, panozosvika gore ra 2000, maguta achatofanira kukwana inopfuura 75 muzana yavagari vemo veSouth America.” Anotiudzawo kuti mukati menhambo imwe cheteyo yenguva, chiverengero chavanhu vanogara mumaguta eAfrica chichapeta nekanopfuura kaviri.
Kunyange kana usingagari muguta, sezvinobvira unoshanda mune rimwe, unoenda kundotenga ikoko, kana kuti zvimwe panenge panhambo nenhambo unoshandisa betsero dzenzvimbo nemibato izvo guta rinogovera. Munhu ari wose anotapurwa namaguta. Upenyu hwedu hwaizova hwakasiana sei tisinawo!
Guta Rinonzi Enoki
Kuvakwa kwamaguta kunodzokera shure kunguva yekare kare. NezvaKaini, mwana wokutanga ati amboberekwa, tinorava kuti “akabatikana mukuvaka guta ndokutumidza zita reguta nezita romwanakomana wake Enoki.” (Genesi 4:17, NW) Kupfurikidza nokuvaka guta, zvimwe duku zvikuru pakuyerwa nemipimo yazvino uno, Kaini akagadza muenzaniso kuzvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.
Musikirwo wohunhu wokufambidzana wakaita kuti vanhu vade kuva pamwe chete. Ikoku kwave kusati bedzi kuri nokuda kwoushamwaridzani asi nokuda kwepfungwa yechengeteko nedziviriro, zvikurukuru mumazana amakore akapfuura apo nzanga dzaiwanzodenhwa. Zvisinei, izvozvi handizvo zvikonzero bedzi zvakaparira vanhu kutanga kuvaka maguta.
The World Book Encyclopedia rinotaura kuti pane zvinhu zvina zvikuru zvave zvichiparira kuitwa kwamaguta. Izvo ndeizvi “(1) fambiro mberi dzoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu [michina inofambiswa neinjini dzestimu, simba ramagetsi, kurukurirano], (2) mhoteredzo inooneka yakanaka [zvimwe zvinhu inzvimbo, mwaka, nzizi nokudaro mugove wemvura], (3) kurongwa kwamagariro avanhu [chiremera, hurumende], uye (4) kukura kwechiverengero chavagari vemo.”
Maguta akaita kuti kutengeserana kuve nyore nokuunganidzwa kwavashandi munharaunda imwe. Naizvozvo, mumaguta akawanda tinoona kubudirira kwedzimba dzomutengo wakaderera dzavashandi nemhuri dzavo. Nhasi, nezvokufambisa zvavose nezvavanhu zvinowanika nyore nyore, daro harisati richidzivisa tarisiro inobudirira yezvokutengeserana neyezvamatongerwe enyika. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, maguta anogona kuparadzira pesvedzero yawo mumaruwa amasabhabhu.
Mamwe maguta ekare akanga akasanobatanawo namabasa orudzidziso. Genesi 11:4 (NW), inoti: “Ivo [vanhu vanorarama chinguvana pashure paMafashamo ezuva raNoa] zvino vakati: ‘Uyai! Ngatizvivakirei timene guta uyewo shongwe ine musoro wayo uri mumatenga [kubatira nokuda kwokunamata kworudzidziso], uye ngatizviitire timene zita rakakurumbira, nokuda kwokutyira kuti tingapararira pamusoro pose papasi.’”
Mativi amagariro avanhu, orudzidziso, ezvokutengeserana, uye omugariro wapasi pamwe chete neezvamatongerwe enyika zvakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwamaguta. Panguva imwe cheteyo, maguta ave ari simba gurusa kwamazana amakore mukupesvedzera nzanga yazvino uno sezvatinokuziva uye akatapura isu tose.
Akasiana bva Akafanana
The New Encyclopædia Britannica inoti “nzvimbo dzokugara dzakagadzwa dzomunhu dzapakuvamba zvikurusa dzinowanwa mumipata yakaorera yenzvimbo dziri pedyo nedzinopisa dzenzizi dzeNire, Tigrisi, Yufratesi, Indus, uye dzeYellow.” Chokwadi, nhangaruvanzi dzamaguta omuzana ramakore rechi 20 dzakanga dzakasiana zvikuru namamwe adzo omunguva yazvino uno omumahombekombe enzizi.
Mumazana amakore akapfuura voruzhinjisa zvikurusa vavanhu vaigara munharaunda dzomumaruwa. Guta guru bedzi muEngland mugore ra 1300, somuenzaniso, rakanga riri London, uye chiverengero chavagari vemo chavasingapfuuri zviuru 40 chakanga chakaderera zvikuru ne 1 muzana yechiverengero chavagari vemo chose chenyika. Pakazosvika 1650 inodokuva 7 muzana yamaNgezi ose yaigara muLondon. Pakazosvika mavambo ezana ramakore rechi 19, guta rakanga richisvika chiratidzo chemirioni. Nhasi, vasingasviki vapfumbamwe muzana vavagari veBritain vanogara munharaunda dzomumaruwa. Vamwe vose vasara vakatsikinyidzana munzvimbo dzomumataundi, vamwe vana mamirioni manomwe mumadhorobha makuru eGreater London moga.
Sechiratidzo chetambanuko iyo maguta akakura nayo nokubudirira, muna 1900, London rakanga riri guta bedzi munyika yose rine chiverengero chavagari vemo chavane mirioni imwe. Zvino kune maguta anopfuura 200 ane vagari vemo vanopfuura mirioni imwe. Nyanzvi dzezvomugariro wapasi dzinotaura nezvamadhorobha makuru zvikuru, ndaza yamaguta akabatana akadai seiro rinowanwa munzvimbo yeRuhr muGermany, umo nharaunda iri muRwizi rwaRuhr, kubvira muDuisburg kusvikira kuDortmund, inoumba inodokuva nzanga imwe inopfuurira.
Pasinei hapo nemisiano, maguta ekare noomunguva yazvino uno ane chimwe chinhu chaanacho ose—zvinetso. Uye zvinetso hazvina kutongova zvakawanda kudai kana kuti zvikuru kwazvo sezvazviri nhasi. Maguta ari munhamo huru. Kana ‘kuzvivakira timene guta’ kwakatongodzidzisa rudzi rwomunhu chinhu chipi nechipi, zvimwe kunofanira kuve kwakatidzidzisa kuti, mumigariro isakakwana uye sokunoitwa navanhu vanokanganisa, kuvaka maguta hakusati hako kuri nzira yakaisvonaka yokugutsa nayo zvinodikanwa zvedu.