“Guta Rizere Nedzvinyiriro”
APO muporofita weBhaibheri Ezekieri akanongedzera kuguta “rizere nedzvinyiriro,” akanga asingazivi chinhu pamusoro pezvinetso zvinotambudza maguta anhasi. (Ezekieri 9:9, An American Translation) Uyewo mashoko ake akanga asiri nzira yakavandika yokudeya kutaura nayo izvi zvinetso. Hunyanguvezvo, izvo akanyora zvaizova rondedzero yakarurama yamaguta omuzana ramakore rechi 20.
Bhuku rinonzi 5000 Days to Save the Planet rakati: “Akaoma uye achishaiwa zvibereko, maguta edu azova akaipa zvokusagona kugarwa maari uye akaipa zvokusagona kutarira paari. . . . Zvivako zvinodzora nomutoo unowedzera maguta edu zvakavakwa nokurangarirwa kuduku kana kuti kwete kwaavo vanofanira kugara ndokushanda mazviri.”
Maidi Asinganyengeri Pamusoro Pamaguta
Maguta mapfumbamwe, ari mumativi akasiana-siana enyika, akarondedzerwa namapepanhau namagazini sezvinotevera. Unogona kuratidzira guta rimwe nerimwe nezita raro rakarurama here?
Guta A, riri muLatin America, rinocherekedzwa nokuda kwepwere dzaro dzinohaiwa kundouraya nomwero wakakwirira wokuponda kukuru. Rinozivikanwawo somusha wesangano rinotengesa mirimo.
Guta B i“guta rakaipisisa mu[United States] nokuda kwoumbavha hwomumigwagwa.” Mukati memwedzi miviri yokutanga ya 1990, kuuraya “kwakanga kwawedzera ne 20 muzana kubvira panhambo imwe cheteyo” makei akapera.
“Vanhu vana mamirioni anoverengeka pagore vanotamira kunzvimbo dzamaguta dzeSouth America, Africa, uye Asia . . . , vachitamira kupfungwa yavo yokufungidzira yenyika yakapikirwa.” Vasingaiwani, vakawanda vanogombedzerwa kugara muurombo, vachigombedzerwa kupemha kana kuti kuba kuti vararame. Hafu yavagari vemo veGuta C reAfrica neGuta D reAsia—pamwe chete ne 70 muzana yeGuta E reAsia—sezvinoshumwa vane dzimba dzokugara dzomwero wakaderera.
“Nepo [Guta F] riri pakati penzvimbo huru dzomumaguta dzakakotsekana zvikurusa muNorth America, kushaika kwamabasa kunowedzera, mwero unokwira woutsotsi noruvengo rwamadzinza zvakaita kuti vagari vemo vawo vashamisike pamusoro porutivi rwakaipa rworubudiriro. Utsotsi . . . hwakaodza mwoyo vagari vomuguta. Denho dzevatano dzakawedzera ne 19% . . . Kuponda kwakawedzera neinodokuva 50%.”
“Zuva rimwe nerimwe vanhu vane 1 600 vanotamira ku[Guta G reLatin America] . . . Kana [iro] rikapfuurira kukura paiyi nhano vanhu vane mamirioni 30 vachagara ikoko panosvika kupera kwezana ramakore. Vachaparapatika nomuguta zvishoma nezvishoma zvikuru mumotokari dzina mamirioni gumi neimwe, vachibatwa mukutsikinyidzana kwemotokari kwamaawa panguva yakati . . . Kushatiswa kwemhepo . . . rune zana kupfuura mwero unogamuchirika. . . . Makumi mana muzana avagari vose vanotambura nechirwere chisingarapiki chebronchitis. . . . Mukati memaawa emotokari dzakawandisa mwero woruzha pakati peguta unokwira kusvikira pakati pemwero mikurusa yoruzha ye 90 ne 120; mwero mikurusa yoruzha 70 inorangarirwa kuva isingatsungiririki.”
“Zuva rimwe nerimwe matani 20 etsvina yembwa anonhongwa mumigwagwa nomunzira dzokufamba dzemigwagwa dze[Guta H reEurope]. . . . Mukuwedzera kumutengo nechinetso, chimwe chinhu chakakomba zvikuru chakawadzanyurwa. Tsvina yembwa ndiwo manyuko ehosha inoparirwa nechisaririra chinonzi Toxocara canis. Hafu yenzvimbo dzokutambira dzavana namabhokisi ejecha zve[guta] zvakawanwa kuva zvakashatiswa netumazai tudukusa tusingapwanyiki zvikurusa twechisaririra, utwo tunopinda mumisha turi pazvitsiko zveshangu napachao pezvipfuyo zvomumba. . . . Runeto, kurwadzwa kwomudumbu, rusemo, zvinetso zvomwoyo netsinga ndizvo zviratidzo zvokutanga zvehosha.”
“Kunyange zvazvo [Guta I reAsia] richioneswa nhamo nezvinetso zvedhorobha rakanyanyobudirira munyika yakabudirira zvishoma—urombo, utsotsi, kushatiswa kwezvinhu—rakavamba kuzvisimbisa rimene serimwe ramadzimbahwe omuzana ramakore rechi 21.”
Anosiiwa kana kuti Mugariro Wenguva Dzose Here?
Wave uchikwanisa kuziva aya maguta namazita awo akakodzera here? Zvichida kwete, nemhaka yokuti hapana nechimwe chezvinetso zvinonongedzerwa kwazviri zviri zvechienzi kuguta rimwe ripi neripi. Panzvimbo pezvo, iwo chiratidzo cheizvo zviri zvisina kururama nerinodokuva guta riri rose roukuru hupi nohupi munyika yose.
Guta A, mukuwirirana neSüddeutsche Zeitung rezuva nezuva reGermany iMedellín, Colombia. Chiverengero chokuponda chakaderera kubva pa 7 081 muna 1991 kusvikira ku 6 622 “bedzi” muna 1992. Zvisinei, El Tiempo rezuva nezuva reColombia rinoshuma kudaro, mukati megumi ramakore akapfuura, vanhu vanodokuva 45 000 vakafa ikoko kupfurikidza nemitoo yamasimba masimba. Mapoka emanisiparati akasiana-siana naizvozvo munguva ino ari kuedza zvakaoma kuderedza utsotsi ndokuvandudza mukurumbira waro.
Kuziviswa kwakaitwa neThe New York Times kweGuta B seNew York City zvichida kunosvika sechisati chiri katyamadzo kuvanhu vakashanyira ikoko mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya uye zvamazvirokwazvo zvikurusa kwete nokuda kwavagari vemo varo.
Nhamba dzinopiwa nemagazini yeGermany inonzi Der Spiegel pamusoro pechiverengero chavanhu chinogara mumigariro yourombo muNairobi, Kenya (C), Manila, Philippines (D), uye Calcutta, India (E) dzinoratidza kuti vanhu vakawanda vanobatwa mudzimba dzisina kunaka dzokugara muna aya maguta matatu oga kupfuura vanogara munyika dzose dzakapfuma dzeEurope dzakadai seDenmark kana kuti Switzerland.
Guta F—Toronto, Canada—rakarondedzerwa muna 1991 nemagazini yeTime munyaya inenge inotinyengedzei zvishoma kupfuura iya yayakabudisa makore matatu pamberi payo. Mushumo wokutanga, waiva nomusoro unoti “Pakupedzisira, Guta Rinoshanda,” wakarumbidza guta rino“orora anodokuva munhu ari wose.” Yakanokora mashoko mushanyi seakataura, kuti: “Iyi nzvimbo ingagona kudokuva inondiita ndidavirezve ukoshi hwamaguta.” Kunosuruvarisa kutaura, kuti “guta rinoshanda” sezvinooneka zvino riri kuva nyajambwa wezvinetso zvakafanana zvinoonesa nhamo mamwe maguta ari kushata.
Kunyange zvazvo ichitaura nezveGuta G se“rimwe ramaguta akanaka zvikurusa neazvino uno munyika dzeAmerica, uye rimwe raakaoma kunzwisisa zvikurusa,” hunyanguvezvo magazini yeTime inobvuma kuti iri iGuta reMexico ravakapfuma, chokwadi, uye ravashanyi.” Munguvayi, mukuwirirana neWorld Press Review, varombo vanobatana pamwe chete “mune dzimwe dzedzimba dzakatsikinyidzana dzine 500 dzedzimbahwe” mudzimba “dzakavakwa namarara enzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, makatoni amakadhibhodi, mapati emigweje yemotokari dzakapwanyika, uye zvivakiso zvinobiwa.”
Guta H rinoziviswa namagazini yevhiki nevhiki yeFrance inonzi L’Express seParis, iyo, mukuwirirana neThe New Encyclopædia Britannica, “kwamazana namazana amakore, kupfurikidza nomuitiro usina kutongokwanisa kutsanangurwa nomutoo unobudirira, . . . rakaratidzira kwezvo isingadzivisiki kumamirioni kupote nyika.” Zvisinei, mukutarisana nezvinetso zvakakomba imwe yekwezvo ye“Gay Paree” yakapera.
NezveGuta I, Time inoti: “Raichimborangarirwa mune zvenyengano naMadokero sedzimbahwe rinozorodza, rinofadza reyaichimbova Siam, ‘Venice yokuMabvazuva,’ guta risingakarirwi rengirozi netembere dzendarama itaundi rinokura razvino uno reAsia.” Kunyange ngirozi dzaro netembere dzaro zvakakundikana kudzivisa Bangkok, Thailand, pakuva, zvimwe kwechinguvana, “dzimbahwe renyika rebasa rouhure.”
Kusanonzvera Maguta
Makore gumi akapfuura munyori wenhau akacherekedza kuti kunyange zvazvo maguta makuru achiratidzika kuva “ane njodzi dzakafanana, rimwe nerimwe rine mativi aro rimene, nokudaro nzira chaiyo yokuparapatikira kupukunyuka.” Muna 1994, maguta achiri kuparapatika, rimwe nerimwe nenzira yaro rimene.
Handi munhu ari wose anofunga kuti kuparapatikira kupukunyuka kwakarasika. Aichimbova meya weToronto, somuenzaniso, akaratidza kuva netariro, achiti: “Handifungi kuti guta riri kuputsika. Riri kudenhwa, asi ndinofunga kuti tinogona kupedza ichi chinetso.” Chokwadi, mamwe maguta akanangana nenzira inobudirira, kana kuti zvimwe akaderedza, zvimwe zvezvinetso zvawo. Asi ikoku kwakada kunopfuura zvikurusa kuvawo zvako netariro.
January akapfuura munyori wenhau Eugene Linden akanyora, kuti: “Jambwa renyika rakamonerwa nejambwa ramaguta ayo.” Chipi kana chipi chingava muuyo, maguta akaumba nyika yedu, uye anopfuurira kuita kudaro. Uyewo, kunyange ari ekare kana kuti azvino uno, akatitapura somunhu mumwe nomumwe—zvichida kupfuura zvatingafungidzira. Ndokusaka kupukunyuka kwawo kwakabatanidzwa nomutoo wakaoma kunzwisisa nokwedu.
Kusanonzvera maguta, ipapoka, hakusati kuchingovawo hako nokuda kwedonzo rokukudziridza zivowo zvayo. Chinokosha zvikuru, kuchatisvinudzira kumugariro une ngozi umo nyika zvino inozviwana imene iri. Pasinei hapo nezvinetso zvakakomba zvenyika—zvinooneka zvakajeka muparapatiko yamaguta edu—zvose hazvisati zviri zvisina tariro!
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 6]
“Jambwa renyika rakamonerwa nejambwa ramaguta ayo.”—Munyori Eugene Linden
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Kufamba gutaneguta kungava nyore,asi kupedza zvinetso zvawo hakuzi