Kusanaya Kwemvura Kunoparadzanya muMaodzanyemba eAfrica
YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUAFRICA
VAKAWANDA vakataura kuti iko kwakanga kuri kusanaya kwemvura kwakaipisisa muzana rino ramakore. Vamwe vakatotaura kuti iko kwakanga kwakaipisisa munhau yomumaodzanyemba eAfrica. Uku kusanaya kwemvura kwamakore maviri kwakatapura maodzanyemba eAfrica kwakasiya gwara rengwavaira. “Kwakaipisisa, kwakaipisisa zvikurusa kwazvo kupfuura zvataikarira,” akataura kudaro musoro weOperation Hunger, boka ravanhu reyamuro reSouth Africa. “Shanyo inzendo dzokunzvera muudzame husina kuzivikanwa kare hwenhamo, kutambura kwavanhu nokushayiwa.”
“Haugoni kukudza chinhu chipi nechipi. Ivhu rakafa,” akachema kudaro mumwe murimi womumusha akapera mwoyo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vagari vomumusha vane nzara vakadya dope kana kuti midzi yemiti yomusango. Masangano anomirira anogovera yamuro yezvokudya akakurirwa nechinodikanwa. Mukuwirirana neThe Guardian Weekly, “maodzanyemba eAfrica akarasikirwa nomwero wakakwirira zvikuru wezvirimwa zvawo kupfuura zvakaita Etiopia neSudan mukusanaya kwemvura kunotyisa kwa 1985.”
Kusanaya kwemvura kwakasvitsa vanhu vane mamiriyoni anodokuva 18 pamugumo wokurumwa nenzara. MuAngola njodzi yakanga yakaipisisa munhau yenyika. Kwakafungidzirwa kuti n’ombe dzine miriyoni imwe dzakafa, uye mugore rimwe chete inodokuva 60 muzana yezvirimwa yakaparara. Vanhu vakatapurwa zvikurusa vaisagona kusvikwa kuti vapiwe yamuro. Pakazosvika August 1992, zvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu zvezvirimwa zveZambia zvakaparara, uye kupinzwa kusingakarirwi kwamatani ane miriyoni imwe echibage kwakanga kuri madikanwa. Vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 1,7 vakanga vachirumwa nenzara.
MuZimbabwe, yakambonzi nzvimbo inobereka zvokudya yamaodzanyemba eAfrica, mamiriyoni mana aida yamuro yezvokudya—inodokuva hafu yechiverengero chavagari vemo. Mune imwe nharaunda mumwe mudzidzisi wechikoro akati: “Kune mvura shoma uye hakutongorina migove ipi neipi yezvokudya yasara. Hakuna ruswa rwakasara panyika.”
Mumisha yakati vanhu vaikwira miti kundotanha mashizha okubika ndokudya. Hurumende yaitofanira kuderedza rubatsiro rwayo rwezvokudya kubva pamakirogiramu 15 kusvikira kumakirogiramu 5 pamunhu pamwedzi mumwe. Nyanza huru yeKariba yakaitwa navanhu yakanga iri pamwero wayo wakaderera zvikurusa wayati yambova nawo, uye mvura yaiganhurirwa muBulawayo.
Zviuru zvemhuka mumapurazi emhuka muZimbabwe zvaitofanira kuurawa, sezvo kwakanga kusina mvura yakakwana nokuda kwazvo. Rimwe pepanhau rakashuma, kuti: “Shiri dzakafa dzakadonha mumiti yakaoma, kamba, nyoka, makonzo nezvipembenene zvakanyangarika.”
Mozambique yakanga iri pakati penyika dzakatapurwa nokusanaya kwemvura kwakaipisisa. Nyika yakawana 80 muzana yezvokudya zvayo kubva kuyamuro yamarudzi ose, uye kufungidzira kumwe kwakanga kuri kwokuti vanhu vane mamiriyoni 3,2 vakanga vachirumwa nenzara. Vapoteri vakadirana muMalawi, South Africa, Swaziland, uye Zimbabwe. Asi nokuderera kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru kwokusanaya kwemvura, vapoteri vakawanda vakadzokera.
Vagari vomumaguta kazhinji kazhinji havazivi nezvesimba rokusanaya kwemvura paupenyu hwavanhu vomumaruwa. Mumwe mukuru mukuru anobatanidzwa neyamuro yezvokudya akati: “Kuparadzanya kwakaparirwa nokusanaya kwemvura kunoratidzika kuva kuri kure navanhu vazhinjisa vari munharaunda dzamadhorobha dzakapukunyuka kukomba kweperevedzo yezvokudya nemvura.”
Kunyange zvazvo mvura yakaunza mwero weyamuro kunharaunda dzakawanda, mativi eMozambique, Swaziland, uye South Africa achiri kuda mvura yakawanda. Pasina panikiro tapuro dzouku kusanaya kwemvura dzichanzwiwa kwamakore akati anouya.
Sezvinooneka, ipapoka, chisakiso chimwe chokusanaya kwemvura kushayikwa kwemvura. Asi tapuro dzako dzinokudziridzwa nezvimwe zvinetso zvakafanirwa nokurangarira.
Zvimwe Zvakaoma Kunzwisisa
MuAfrica tapuro yokusanaya kwemvura inowedzerwa zvikuru kupfurikidza nokusaterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Nyika dzakatarisana neperevedzo dzakakomba zvikurusa dzezvokudya ndedzedzo dzakatapurwa nokusaterama kwakadaro. Mienzaniso iAngola, Etiopia, Mozambique, uye Somalia. Hondo dzakavhiringidza kurima ndokugombedzera varimi vakawanda kutiza, vachisiya mapurazi avo asingatarisirwi.
Chinhu chinomutsa gakava mukusanaya kwemvura kushatisa kwavanhu mugariro wakapoteredza pasi nechinotaurwa navamwe kuva muuyo wokudziya kwenyika. Chimwe chinhu iwedzero muchiverengero chavagari vomunyika. Mwero wokukura wegore negore weavhareji muAfrica i 3 muzana, mumwe weyakakwira zvikurusa munyika. Kugonana nemiromo yakawanda yokudyisa, varimi vanorima munda usina kukodzera kurima uye havasiyi chirara kuti ugone kuorerazve.
Kupfuurirazve, masango ari kuparadzwa, zvikurukuru kugobora nzvimbo huru nokuda kwokurima. Mukuwirirana nemagazini inonzi African Insight, makore 20 apfuura 20 muzana yeEtiopia yakanga iri sango; zvino 2 muzana bedzi isango. Pazvinetso zvose zvemhoteredzo zvinotyisidzira pasi, zvimwe zviremera zvinotaura kuti kuparadzwa kwamasango ndiko kwakakomba zvikurusa. Kunotapura zvimiro zvomugariro wokunze uye kunoparira gukuravhu, pamwe chete nokupararira kwenzvimbo dzerenje.
Dzimwe hurumende dzeAfrica dzakachengeta mitengo yezvokudya nezvipfuyo yakaderera kuti dzifarirwe navatengi vomumataundi. Ikoku hakukurudziri varimi, avo vasingakwanisi kurima nomutoo une mhindu. Hurumende yeZimbabwe yakaita chiito kupfurikidza nokuwedzera mutengo wechibage ne 64 muzana uye sekurudziro kuvarimi kuti varime zvakawanda.
Chii Chiri Chigadzikiso?
Nyanzvi dzine zvikarakadzo zvakawanda. Asi padzimwe nguva dzakapa zano nyika dzeAfrica kuti dzigamuchire mitoo yokurima yokuMadokero, iyo isina kubvumikisa kuva yakakodzera mhoteredzo yeAfrica.
Zvigadzikiso zvinoshanda zvinodikanwa nokukurumidza. Mukuru mukuru akakwirira womuAfrica weUN Economic Commission for Africa akati: “Pahwaro hwamabasa ose ezvemari ataona kusvikira zvino, Africa mugore ra 2000 haizati ichizova iri mugomba mairi zvino. Ichava pasi pegomba rakadzika rakasviba.”
Chinodikanwa chiri pamhene kuterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika nomugumo kumasimba masimba nehondo. Batira pamwe nenyika dziri munharaunda yacho inokoshawo.
Mukuwirirana neUN Food and Agriculture Organization, Africa ine bviro yokudyisa katatu chiverengero chayo chavagari vemo chazvino uno. Asi kubereka kwayo zvibereko kwave kuchiderera kwamakumi amakore, uye pamwero wazvino uno wokukura, chiverengero chayo chavagari vemo chingagona kupeta nekaviri mukati mamakore 30.
Yamuro yezvokudya inobva kunyika dzokumwe pasina panikiro yakaponesa vakawanda pakurumwa nenzara. Hunyanguvezvo, yamuro yakadaro pahwaro hwenguva dzose haisati iri chigadzikiso uye ine tapuro yakashata mukuti haikurudziri varimi vomunzvimbomo kurima zvakawanda. Ivo vangasakwanisa kutengesa zvirimwa zvavo pamutengo wakati, uye vanhu vanowanzosarudza zvokudya zvinopinzwa munyika uye vasingachadizve zviyo zvomunzvimbomo.
Chii Chiri Kuitwa?
Nhamburiko dzokusaneta dzavakawanda vanoda zvapachokwadi kubetsera vanhu veAfrica dzinorumbidzwa. Mune dzimwe nharaunda nhamburiko dzakadaro dzakaparira miuyo. MuZimbabwe chikwata chokunzvera chamarudzi ose chakashandisa gadziriro yokusima miti inokura zvakanaka nokukurumidza munharaunda dzakaoma. Pfungwa ndeyokusima iyi miti pamwero mukuru kubetsera kukurira njodzi yehuni, sezvo 80 muzana yavanhu ichishandisa miti sehuni nokuda kwokubika.
Mumusha weCharinge munharaunda yakatapurwa nokusanaya kwemvura yeMasvingo, Zimbabwe, varimi vakakurudzirwa kushandisa matombo sejengetamwando nokuda kwemirivo yavo nemiti yemichero. Somuuyo, vanoda mvura shoma zvikuru, uye zvirimwa zvakakura zvakanaka zvikuru. Varimi vakakwanisa kutengesera vamwe vanoshayiwa zvokudya.
MuSouth Africa imwe kambani huru yakachinja fekitari yayo inochinja marasha kuva mafuta zvokuti inodokuva mvura yose inoshandiswa inoshandiswazve pashure pokunge yacheneswa kwazvo. Kunyange zvazvo kucheneswa kwemvura yomumabasa okugadzira zvinhu kuri kunodhura, South Africa pakupedzisira inoda kuchenesa inenge 70 muzana yemvura yomumabasa okugadzira zvinhu.
MuLuanshya, Zambia, soyabhinzi dzakaziviswa sezvimwe zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Mumwe mushandi weyamuro akati: “Nzufu zhinjisa dzinoparirwa nokushayikwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri dzinoitika muna Kurume naChikumi apo zvokudya zvikuru zvegamuchidzanwa zvinenge zvichiperevedza. Soya, zvisinei, inokohwiwa muna Kubvumbi uye inochengeteka zviri nani kupfuura zvokudya zvikuru zvakadai sechibage namapfunde.”
Kunyange zvazvo nhamburiko dzakadaro dzokukurira zvinetso zvokusanaya kwemvura neperevedzo yezvokudya dzichikosha, munhu, nounyanzvi hwake hwokugadzira zvinhu nefambiro mberi, ave asati achikwanisa kupedza kusanaya kwemvura muAfrica. Mumwe munhu bedzi anonzwisisa zvinetso zvose, uye iye kare kare akadeya kutaura chigadzikiso. Mukutonga kwoUmambo kwaJehovha Mwari kupfurikidza naMambo wake akagadzwa, Jesu Kristu, mashoko omuporofita Isaya achakurumidza kuzadzika chaizvoizvo munyika yose: “Mvura zhinji ichadzutuka murenje, nehova dzemvura musango. Jecha, rinopisa, richashanduka dziva, nevhu, rine nyota, zvitubu zvemvura; paugaro hwamakava, paaivata, pachava nouswa, netsanga nenhokwe.”—Isaya 35:6, 7.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]
Vagari vomumisha vakakwikwidzana nezvipfuyo nokuda kwemvura shoma yakasara mumagangwa
[Kwazvakatorwa]
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