Bvunzurudzo muMexico—Yakaitika Sei?
FUNGIDZIRA kuti uri pamberi pedare rorudzidziso rinoda kukugombedzera kudavira icho rudzidziso irworwo runodzidzisa. Hauzivi kuti ndiani ari kukupomera kana icho uri kupomerwa. Panzvimbo pokuudzwa, uri kugombedzerwa kugovera chikonzero chokusungwa kwako, kuti utsanangure icho unodavira kuva pomero inorwisana newe, uye kuti utaure uyo ari mupomeri.
Ngwarira mapindurire ako—ungabvuma chimwe chinhu chausina kupomerwa nezvacho ndokuita kuti mamirire ezvinhu zvako ave akaipisisa! Ungagonawo kubatanidza vanhu vakanga vasina chinhu chokuita nepomero iri kuunzwa kwauri.
Kana ukasabvuma, ungatambudzwa kupfurikidza nokuita kuti mvura yakawanda igombedzerwe kupinda napahuro pako. Kana maoko ako namakumbo zvingasungwa zvakasimba zvikuru nenzira inoenderera mberi patafura rokutambudzira kutozosvikira kurwadza kwakomba. Zvinhu zvako zvatobvutwa nedare, uye sezvingabvira zvikurusa hausati uchizotongozviwanazve. Chinhu chiri chose chinoitirwa muchivande. Kana ukawanwa une mhaka, ungadzingwa munyika yako kana kutopiswa uri mupenyu.
Muzana rino ramakore rechi 20, ungakuwana kwakaoma kunzwisisa chiito chorudzidziso chinotyisa saichochi. Asi mazana amakore anoverengeka apfuura, utsinye hwakadaro hwakaitika muMexico.
“Kutendeutsa” Vanhu Vakaberekerwamo
Apo iyo zvino yava Mexico yakakundwa navaSpania muzana ramakore rechi 16, kukundwa kworudzidziso kwakaitikawo. Kutendeutsa kworudzidziso vanhu vakaberekerwamo kwakanga kuri kushoma kupfuura kutsiviwa kwamagamuchidzanwa nemiitiro, sezvo vaprista vashomanene veKaturike vaizvibatikanisa vamene nokudzidzisa Bhaibheri. Vakanga vasingazvinetsi nokudzidza mutauro wavagari vemo kana kuvadzidzisa chiLatin, umo dzidziso yorudzidziso yaiwanwa.
Vamwe vaifunga kuti muKura anofanira kuwana murayiridzo wakakwana worudzidziso. Asi vamwe vakanga vane mufungo mumwe chetewo saFriar Domingo de Betanzos, uyo, mukuwirirana naRichard E. Greenleaf mubhuku rake rinonzi Zumárraga and the Mexican Inquisition, “aidavira kuti muKura anofanira kunyimwa murayiridzo muchiLatin nokuti ikoko kwaizotungamirira kukuziva kwake kuti mufundisi akanga asingazivi sei.”
Bvunzurudzo Dzinorwisana Navanhu Vemo
Kana vaMexico vakaberekerwamo vasina kugamuchira rudzidziso rutsva, vairangarirwa savanamati vezvidhori uye vaitambudzwa zvakakomba. Somuenzaniso, mumwe wavo akawana pamhene kurohwa kwakakomba kune zana rimwe nokuda kwokunamata zvidhori zvake zvechihedheni, izvo iye akanga aviga pasi pechidhori chechiKristudhomu muchiito chakanyandurwa chokunamata kwe“chiKristu.”
Kune rumwe rutivi, Don Carlos Ometochtzin, mambo wokuTexcoco uye muzukuru wamambo wavaAztec, Netzahualcóyotl, akadenha chechi namashoko. Greenleaf anoti “Don Carlos akanga atsamwisa zvikurukuru Chechi nemhaka yokuve akaparidzira kuvanhu vakaberekerwamo pamusoro pokusazvidzora kwavafriar.”
Apo Friar Juan de Zumárraga, mubvunzurudzi panguvayo, akaziva pamusoro paikoku, akarayira kusungwa kwaDon Carlos. Achipomerwa pamusoro pokuva ano“dzidzisa dzidziso dzokuwa pakutenda,” Don Carlos akapisirwa padanda rokutambudzira pana November 30, 1539. Vamwe vagari vemo vakawanda vakarangwa vachipomerwa uroyi.
Bvunzurudzo Dzinorwisana Nevokudzimwe Nyika
Vokudzimwe nyika vanogara muMexico vairamba kugamuchira rudzidziso rwechiKaturike vakapomerwa kuva vanoramba kutenda, vateveri vaLuther, kana vateveri vechiJudha. Mhuri yaCarvajal yechiPutukezi yakanga iri mumwe muenzaniso waikoku. Vachipomerwa kushandisa rudzidziso rwechiJudha, vanodokuva vose vavo vakatambudzwa neBvunzurudzo. Tongero yakatevera yakaitirwa mumwe mutezo weiyi mhuri inoratidzira kutyisa kwacho: “Anonzi Doña Mariana de Carvajal [ini ndino]shurikidza kuti . . . apiwe garrote [mudziyo wokudzipa] kutozosvikira afa nenzira yomuzvarirwo, uye ipapo kuti iye apiswe mumwoto unopfuta kutozosvikira ava marota uye pasina kunyange yeuko inosara pamusoro pake.” Ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika.
Panguva ipi neipi apo wokuimwe nyika aityisidzira simba romufundisi, aiunzwa kuzotongwa. Mumwe murume ainzi Don Guillén Lombardo de Guzman akapomerwa nezvokuda kusunungura Mexico. Zvisinei, pomero yakaunzwa neHofisi Tsvene nokuda kwokusungwa kwake nokutongwa yakanga iri nokuda kwokuva muzivi wenyeredzi nomuwi pakutenda wesekete raCalvin. Mukati mokupfigirwa kwake mutorongo akapenga. Pakupedzisira akapiswa ari mupenyu padanda pana November 6, 1659.
Bhuku rinonzi Inquistion and Crimes, rakanyorwa naDon Artemio de Valle-Arizpe, rinorondedzera nhambo iyoyo: “Vakasunga vapomerwi mhaka, vachivasungirira padanda nechisungo chedare muhuro. . . . Mwoto mikuru mitsvene yokutenda yakavamba kubvira muchamupupuri chomwoto noutsi. Don Guillén . . . akazvidonhedza kamwe kamwe uye chisungiso chakanga chakamubata mumutsipa chakamudzipa, muviri wake uchinyangarika pashure pacho murubwinyo runotyisa rwokupfuta kwamarimi omwoto. Akasiya upenyu huno pashure pamakore gumi namanomwe okutambura kunononozeka nokunopfuurira mutorongo dzerima dzeHofisi Tsvene. Mwoto mikuru yakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, kupfuta kushava kwamarimi omwoto kuchiderera uye apo iwo akadzima, murwi bedzi wakajeka wamanyechunyechu wakasara uchibvira usiku.”
“Hofisi Tsvene” Inogadzwa
Sezvatocherekedzwa, vaMexico vakawanda vakaberekerwamo nevokudzimwe nyika vairangwa, uye vamwe vaiurawa nokuda kwokutsoropodza kana nokuda kwokusagamuchira rudzidziso rutsva. Ikoku kwakaparira bvunzurudzo yakatangwa navafriar uye gare gare namabhishopi. Zvisinei, Mubvunzurudzi Mukuru wokutanga muMexico, Don Pedro Moya de Contreras, akabva kuSpania muna 1571 kuti andogadza zviri pamutemo Dare reHofisi Tsvene reBvunzurudzo ikoko. Iri dare rakarega kushanda muna 1820. Nokudaro, kubvira muna 1539, kwakanga kune makore ane mazana matatu okunetswa, kutambudzwa, uye rufu nokuda kwaavo vakanga vasingagoverani dzidziso dzechiKaturike.
Apo mumwe munhu aipomerwa, aitambudzwa kutozosvikira abvuma. Dare raimukarira kuramba miitiro yake inorwisana nechiKaturike ndokugamuchira zvitendero zvechechi. Mupomerwi aisunungurwa bedzi kana iye akabvumikisa kusava kwake nemhaka, kana mhaka yake isati yaigona kubvumikiswa, kana, pakupedzisira, kana akabvuma ndokupfidza. Muchinoitika chapashure, kutaura kwake kuti iye airamba mhaka yake uye aivimbisa kururamisa zvaakaita zvairaviwa pamhene. Zvisinei, iye airasikirwa nezvinhu zvake uye akanga achifanira kubhadhara muripo mukuru. Akawanwa ane mhaka, aiendeswa kuzviremera zvenyika kundorangwa. Ikoku kwaiwanzoguma nokuva kwake anopisirwa padanda, achiri mupenyu kana zvimwe pashure pokunge aurawa chinguvana vasati vadaro.
Nokuda kwokuitwa kwapamhene kwetongero, auto-da-fé huru yaiitwa. Kuzivisa kwapamhene kwaizoitwa muguta rose kuzivisa munhu ari wose nezvezuva nenzvimbo yokuungana. Zuva iroro vakashurikidzwa vaibuda mutorongo dzeDare reHofisi Tsvene vakapfeka sambenito (rudzi rwenguvo isina maoko), vakabata kanduro pakati pezvanza zvavo, tambo yakapoteredza muhuro mavo, uye coroza (ngowani ine musoro mutete-tete) mumusoro wavo. Pashure pokunge mhaka dzinorwisana nokutenda kweKaturike dzaraviwa, chirango chinosarudzwa nokuda kwanyajambwa mumwe nomumwe chaizoitwa.
Munzira iyi vakawanda vaishurikidzwa nokurangwa muzita rorudzidziso. Utsinye nokusashivirira zvavafundisi zvaioneka kumapoka aicherekedza vanyajambwa vachifira padanda rokutambudzira.
Kushora chiKristu Kwakananga
Kristu Jesu akatuma vadzidzi vake kundotendeutsira vanhu kuchiKristu chechokwadi. Akarayira, kuti: “Endai naizvozvo, mudzidzise marudzi ose, muvabhapatidze muzita raBaba, neroMwanakomana, neroMweya Mutsvene; muvadzidzise kuchengeta zvose zvandakakurayirai imi.”—Mateo 28:19, 20.
Zvisinei, Jesu haana kutongoratidzira kuti vanhu vanofanira kutendeutswa kupfurikidza nokugombedzera. Panzvimbo pezvo, Jesu akati: “Ani nani usingakugamuchiriyi, kana kunzwa mashoko enyu, kana muchibva paimba iyo kana paguta iro, muzuze guruva riri patsoka dzenyu.” (Mateo 10:14) Rutongeso rwokupedzisira rwaava vanhu runosiyirwa kuna Mwari Wamasimbaose, Jehovha, pasina kupindira chaikoiko kunoitwa navaKristu.
Nenzira yakajeka, ipapoka, pari pose apo Bvunzurudzo yakanga ichiitwa munyika, yakanga ichiitwa mukushora kwakananga nheyo dzechiKristu.
Mamirire eshiviriro yorudzidziso ayo zvino akatekeshera muMexico anobvumira vanhu kushandisa rusununguko pamusoro penzira yavanonamata nayo Mwari. Asi mazana amakore einonzi Bvunzurudzo Tsvene achiripo sepeji yakashata munhau yeChechi yeKaturike yeMexico.