Zvinoita Kuti Titapurwe Nemimhanzi
MIMHANZI nemutauro zvinooneka pavanhu bedzi. Zvakaoma kufungidzira nyika isina chimwe chazvo. “Mutauro nemimhanzi ndizvo zvinhu zvinoratidzika kuva zvinowanikwa pasi pose,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi The Musical Mind (Pfungwa Dzemimhanzi). Ndizvo zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti tigone kutaurirana. Saka zvinogona kunzi, pfungwa dzedu “dzinoteerera, mimhanzi paino“taura” sezvadzinoita pamutauro.
Mimhanzi inotaura sei kupfungwa dzedu uye nei? Kuti tipindure izvi, tinofanira kuongorora: (1) zvinoumba mumhanzi pachazvo uye nzira yazvinoshandiswa nayo neuropi hwedu; (2) magadzirirwe emanzwire edu netsika dzekwatinobva, zvinopesvedzera zvatinoita pamimhanzi; uye (3) mutauro, unogonawo kutapura zvatinoita.
Zvinoumba Mumhanzi
Zvinoita kuti mimhanzi ivepo zvinowanzonzi “zvinoumba mumhanzi.” Zvinoumba mumhanzi izvi zvinobatanidza chuni, kana kuti muririro, wechiridzwa chacho. Somuenzaniso, bhosvo rechiFrench rinorondedzerwa se“rinorira kwazvo,” kana kuti serine mutinhimira une bhesi, serinonzwika zvakasiyana pane hwamanda ine mutinhimira une “simba.” Kunyange zvazvo zvose zvakada kufanana, kana kuti zviri muboka, rezviridzwa zvinofuridzwa, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinobudisa mutinhimira, kana kuti kutsinhirana, kwakasiyana. Ndizvo zvinoita kuti chiridzwa chimwe nechimwe chive ne“muririro” wakasiyana nezvimwe. Vanonyora mimhanzi vanoshandisa miririro iyoyi kuumba mitinhimira yakati kuti vanyandure pfungwa dzemuteereri.
Zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga chatinojairana nacho mutinhimira—zvimwe patinenge tichiri mumimba, tichiteerera kurova kwemwoyo waamai. Zvinonzi zvatinoita pamutinhimira wemimhanzi takarivara zvingapesvedzerwa nekurova kwemwoyo yedu kana kuti kufema kwedu. Ndokusaka, vanhu vakawanda vachifarira mwero wemimhanzi ine mutinhimira uri pakati pe70 ne100 paminiti yega yega—mwero weavhareji yekurova kwemwoyo wemunhu mukuru ane utano hwakanaka. Sezvineiwo izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa mumagazini inonzi Perceptual and Motor Skills (Kunzwisisa Uye Unyanzvi Hwekufambiswa Kwemashoko).
Mitinhimira yakasiyana-siyana inobudiswa nezvinoumba mimhanzi izvi inogona kujeka kana zviridzwa zvakati wandei zvakasiyana-siyana nemutinhimira nenziyo zvazvinobudisa zvaongororwa. Kurira kwemutoriro kunobaya mwoyo kazhinji muchikamu chechipiri chekonzati yaMozart yemutoriro kungamutsa pfungwa nemwoyo zvakadzama. Mutinhimira unosuruvarisa unobuda mumutoriro wevaJapan unonzi shakuhachi ungabaya mwoyo zvinyoro-nyoro. Mutinhimira unozherezheta wetenor yebhosvo (saxophone) unoita kuti rwiyo rwunotsinhirana rwusakurumidze kubuda mupfungwa dzevakawanda. Kunzwika kwemutinhimira wehwamanda mubhendi revaGerman kazhinji kunokonzera mufaro. Nziyo dzemagitare anotsinhirana dzewaltz dzaStrauss dzinoita kuti vateereri vakawanda vade kutamba. Zvakadaro zvinovapo nokuti “mimhanzi inotaura kumunhu wose,” maererano naClive E. Robbins, weNordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Center, muNew York.
Kutsinhirana, Dhisikodhi, Nerwiyo
Kutsinhirana kunobudisa mitinhimira inonakidza, asi dhisikodhi rinobudisa isinganakidzi. Asi waiziva here kuti mitinhimira iyoyi inobetserana mune mimwe mimhanzi? Mumhanzi unonzwika seunotsinhirana zvimwe unotova nedhisikodhi kupfuura zvaungafungidzira. Kushandira pamwe kwekutsinhirana nedhisikodhi kunoita musiyano, kunyange usinganyatsonzwisisiki, asi unoguma wava mupfungwa dzedu. Kunyorova uku kwemimhanzi yerock kunonakidza, nepo mumhanzi une dhisikodhi pachawo hauiti kuti pfungwa dzinzwe zvakanaka uye unokonzera kunzwa kusingafadzi—kazhinji sezvaizoita kupara nzara pachiredhi kana kuti pabhurekibhodhi. Ukuwo, kana mumhanzi wakavakirwa pakutsinhirana chete, unogona kufinha.
Rwiyo ichuni ine madhodhodho akarongwa achitevedzana. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, shoko racho rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki rokuti meʹlos, rinoreva “rwiyo.” Rwiyo, maererano nemaduramazwi, zvinoreva mumhanzi unotapira, chero mutinhimira upi unotapira.
Zvisinei, hakusi kutevedzana kwemutinhimira chero upi neupi kunopa rwiyo rwunotapira. Somuenzaniso, kutora mafemo kwakareba kwemadhodhodho kunokurumidza munhevedzano kungaita kuti rwiyo rwuve rwunoorora asi rwusingatapiri. Ukuwo, madhodhodho okutura mafemo zvishoma munhevedzano anoitwa nokunonokera anogona kubudisa nhapitapi yerwiyo. Musiyano wekurongeka kwemadhodhodho nekutura mafemo unopa rwiyo rwacho mutinhimira unosuwisa kana kuti unofadza. Kufanana nekutsinhirana, rwiyo rwune mokukwidza nemokudzika marwo, rwunoita kuti pfungwa dzedu dzitapurwe nemhaka yokukwira nokudzikira kwemutinhimira—ndiwo manzwikire emadhodhodho emutinhimira wakakwirira kana kuti wakadzikira.
Kana zvabatanidzwa, zvinhu zvose izvi zvinoumba simba rinogona kunyandura kana kuti kunyaradza pfungwa dzedu. Izvi imhaka yenzira dzakasiyana-siyana idzo uropi hwedu hunoshanda nokunzwisisa mumhanzi wacho.
Mimhanzi Neuropi
Vamwe vanoti kutaura nepfungwa zvinoshandira kurutivi rweruboshwe rweuropi kunyanya, asi mimhanzi ichishandira kurutivi rwerudyi rweuropi, rwunonyanyoshanda nemanzwire uye pfungwa. Zvisinei nokuti izvi zvakadaro here kana kuti kwete, zviri pachena kuti mumhanzi unotapura zviito zvekuberekwa nazvo zvevateereri. Magazini inonzi Perceptual and Motor Skills (Kunzwisisa Uye Unyanzvi Hwekufambiswa Kwemashoko) inotaura izvi nenzira iyi: “Mumhanzi une simba rokuumba manzwire uye mafungire nokukurumidza uye nenzira inobudirira. Pfungwa nemanzwire zvaizoda mitsetse yakawanda kurondedzera mubhuku . . . , nemumumhanzi zvinowanzobudiswa neshoko rimwe chete remutinhimira kana kuti chuni.”
Nezvekutsinhirana kuri pakati pekuona nekunzwa uye zvatinoita kuzvose zveizvi, bhuku rinonzi Music and the Mind (Mimhanzi Nepfungwa) rinotaura aya mashoko anonakidza: “Pane ukama hwepedyo pakati pekunzwa nezvinoitwa nepfungwa kupfuura kuona nezvinoitwa nepfungwa. . . . Kuona mhuka yakakuvara kana kuti munhu ari kutambura akanyarara zvake kungaita kuti pfungwa dzomucherekedzi dzisanyanye kuda kuita chimwe chinhu. Asi pazvinongotanga kuchema, kazhinji mucherekedzi anomanikidzirwa zvikuru kuita chimwe chinhu.”
Mimhanzi, Mashoko, Newe
Rimwe boka revanofunga zvakafanana rinoti mumhanzi unogona kutapura vateereri vose zvakafanana. Zvisinei, rimwe boka rinoti zvinoita munhu parwiyo zvinoratidzira zvinenge zvichifungwa nemunhu wacho panguva iyoyo kana kuti chiitiko chakapfuura. Muenzaniso weizvozvi ungava wemumwe munhu anenge afirwa nemudiwa wake paanonzwa rumwe rwiyo, zvichida panzvimbo yokunamatira. Rwiyo rwacho rwungamuyeuchidza zvimwe zviitiko ndokukonzera kusuwa kana kuti kunyange misodzi ingayangaira mumaziso emunhu akafirwa. Vamwe vasiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vangaimba rwiyo irworwo nemwoyo unofara.
Fungawo nezverondedzero dzebhosvo rechiFrench nehwamanda zvataurwa pakutanga. Ungasabvuma kuti bhosvo rechiFrench rinonzwika serinorira kwazvo. Kwauri ringanzwika serine ruzha kana kuti rinotambika, nepo hwamanda ndiyo ingaratidzika seinobaya mwoyo chaiwo. Saka, mumuviri wemumwe nemumwe wedu, mune kunzwa kunogona kuitwa kuti kupfachukire nemumhanzi—kunzwa kwedu pachedu.
Mumhanzi unobatsira kubatanidza mashoko kana kuti vavariro nepfungwa. Saka, kushambadzira kushoma kwepaterevhizheni kana kuti kwemunhepfenyuro kunoitwa pasina mimhanzi unotevera. Kazhinji mashoko acho haanyatsobudisi zviri kuvavarirwa. Zvisinei, mumhanzi wakakodzera paunongoshandiswa, kushambadzira kwacho kunotapura pfungwa dzevateereri. Ichocho ichokwadi sei kuti chinangwa chekushambadzira kuzhinji ndechekuita kuti vanhu vatenge zvinhu zvavasina kumboronga kutenga!
Kunyange zvazvo kushambadzira kungaita kuti vanhu vatenge zvinhu zvavasina kuronga, pane chikonzero chikuru chisingafadzi chinoparirwa nesimba remashoko uye remimhanzi. Magazini inonzi Journal of Youth and Adolescence (Magazini Yepwere Nevayaruki) inoti mashoko anongodzokororwa adzokororwazve, anoita kuti vanyori venziyo vadzidzise vayaruki kuti vave vanazanondoga ndo“kusava nehanya nepfungwa dzevamwe.” Maererano nerimwe bhuku, mashoko anopiwa ne“mashoko anoitiranwa nharo erap . . . , anonyatsojeka zvikuru kupfuura emimwe yacho yemimhanzi ine ruzha kwazvo,” anogona kupinda mukati-kati mepfungwa dzemuteereri uye zvokonzera utsinye.
Zviito zvakaipa zvinogona here kudziviswa kana munhu akangoteerera mimhanzi orega kuteerera mashoko? Asika, zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti pamwero wakakura, mashoko ari mumimhanzi ine ruzha rukuru neerap haasi nyore kunzwa. Zvechokwadi, kazhinji haanzwisisiki pamusana pemaririre ane ruzha zvakanyanya emumhanzi wacho. Asi, hazvinei kuti pane mashoko here kana kuti kwete, zviri kurehwa zvinenge zvingoripo chete mumutinhimira wemumhanzi nerwiyo rwunodzokororwa!
Zvinodaro sei? Mamwe, mazita pachawo anoumba mifananidzo. Uyezve, rudzi rwemumhanzi pacharwo kazhinji ndiwo mashoko acho. Mashokoi ari kupiwa? Imwe magazini yevaduku inoti: “Anoratidzika seemifananidzo yekufungidzira kutungamirira, simba, uye kukunda mune zvepabonde.” Imwe inoti: “Misoro mikuru . . . ndeyekupandukira kwakanyanya, chisimba, kushandisa zvinodhaka, zveunzenza, kuzvidza tsika, nokunamata Satani.”
Vamwe vaduku vanoti kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingave zvechokwadi, hazvivatapuri nenzira yakashata. Vachati mimhanzi yakadaro inoshanda nokuti inovabatsira ‘kuvaita kuti vaoneke’ vari vanhuwo. Ndizvo zvainoita here? Magazini inonzi Journal of Youth and Adolescence (Magazini Yepwere Nevayaruki) inoti: “Misoro inokurudzira hasha, kurwisana uye simba iyo vamwe vakomana vanoti inowanikwa mumimhanzi ine ruzha kwazvo ingagamuchirwa kunyanya pakupedzisira navakomana madofo vave vachitsungirira zuva rose kuchikoro vachinzi havagoni.” Inowedzera kuti: “Chinetso chacho kana kuti dambudziko racho riri pakuti vayaruki vanotsvaka unhu nokuva vakachengeteka zvikuru vachishandisa zvinobudisa nhau zvavose. Panzvimbo pokuti vatsvake vanhu vane ruzivo rwekuzviwanira pavanenge vari voga, vayaruki vanoshandisa mifananidzo yakagadzirwa kare nevezvekutengeserana.” Nemamwe mashoko, mumwe munhuwo zvake ari kuudza vaduku ava zvokufunga uye manzwire avanofanira kuita.
Ngatimboongororai makonzati erock. Anotapura sei vakawanda vanoapinda? Bhuku rinonzi Music and the Mind (Mimhanzi Nepfungwa) rinopindura kuti: “Hapana mubvunzo kuti, nokunyandura pfungwa dzeboka uye nokubata chokwadi kuti pfungwa idzodzo dziri kunyandukira pamwe chete kwete zvakasiyana, mimhanzi inogona kukonzera kusaita chisarudzo chakanaka chinokosha, zvokuti munhu kwaye anoguma ava kutevedzera manzwire enguva iyoyo, ane ngozi kwazvo anoumba unhu hweboka.” Zvimwe zviito zvoupengo zvemumakonzati erock zvinoratidzira chokwadi chemashoko iwayo.
Saka, kudzivisa kushatiswa mupfungwa nemwoyo, tinofanira kungwarira zvikuru patinosarudza mimhanzi. Tinogona kuzviita sei? Nyaya yedu yokupedzisira ichapindura mubvunzo uyu?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Mimhanzi inowanzoita kuti vateereri vade kutamba