Vavariro Dzakanaka dzeOlympic Dzava Pamakakatanwa
APO Baron Pierre de Coubertin akataura zvokutangazve mitambo yeOlympic, akataura vavariro dzakanaka kwazvo. Chokwadi, mashoko ezvemitambo yeOlympic yemazuva ano, anonzi akataurwa naCoubertin, anoti: “Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha muMitambo yeOlympic hakusi kukunda asi kutambawo . . . Chinhu chinokosha hakusi kuti wakakunda here asi kuti wakakwikwidza zvakanaka.”
Coubertin aifunga kuti kuita makwikwi asingakuvadzi kwaigona kukonzera unhu hwakanaka, kusimudzira zvisarudzo zvakanaka, nomufambiro unoremekedzeka. Akatotaura nezve‘chitendero chemitambo.’ Aifunga kuti Mitambo yeOlympic yaikwanisa kudzidzisa vanhu kugara murugare.
Asi pakazofa Coubertin muna 1937, tarisiro dzipi nedzipi dzeizvi dzakanga dzanyangarika. Mitambo iyi yakanga yatombomiswa kamwe nemhaka yehondo yenyika yose, uye kusawirirana kwakanga kuri kutungamirira kune kumwe kurwisana kukuru. Nhasi, vavariro dzakanaka dzemitambo yeOlympic dzatova mumakakatanwa makuru. Nemhaka yei zvakadaro?
Mitambo yeOlympic Nezvinodhaka
Kwemakumi emakore zvinodhaka zvinoita kuti mutambi akwanise kukunda zvakashandiswa nevatambi kuti vakunde, uye dambudziko iri rakapindawo muMitambo yeOlympic. Zvechokwadi, iye zvino, makore 25 pashure pokunge kwatangwa nzira dzokunyatsoongorora nadzo vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, kushandiswa kwemakemikari akarambidzwa nevanokwikwidza mumitambo yeOlympic idambudziko riri kupfuurira.
Vamwe vanomhanya vanoshandisa masteroid [makemikari anowedzera simba] kuti vakunde vamwe. Vamwe vanoshandisa zvinoita kuti muviri urambe wakachangamuka. Mishonga inokurumidza kugadzira mamwe mahormone inofarirwa nevanomhanya madaro mapfupi nokuti inobatsira vari kukwikwidza kuti vakurumidze kuva nani kana vanga vaneta, uye inoita kuti tsandanyama dzisimbe. Ukuwo, rimwe piritsi rakagadzirwa nemagene [masero anodzora kukura, nemaonekero echinhu chipenyu] anonzi erythropoietin rinofarirwa nevazhinji vanomhanya madaro akareba, vanoshambira, uye vanomhanya nhangemutange nokuti rinoita kuti vatsungirire nokuita kuti masero matsvuku eropa agadzirwe.
Zvinonzwisisika kuti Dr. Robert Voy, aimbova mukuru mukuru wokuongorora vanoshandisa zvinodhaka weU.S. Olympic Committee, anodana vatambi kuti “rabhoritari inofamba.” Anowedzera kuti: “Mitambo yeOlympic yazova nzvimbo uko vasayendisiti, vanogadzira mishonga uye vanachiremba vasina unhu vanodzidzira basa ravo.” Zvakadii nokuongorora? Dr. Donald Catlin, mukuru mukuru werabhoritari inoongorora zvinodhaka muUnited States, anoti: “Mukwikwidzi akangwara anoda kushandisa zvinodhaka ava kushandisa zvinhu zvatisingakwanisi kuongorora.”
Chiokomuhomwe Nouori
Sezvo ari maguta mashoma chete anokwanisa kukwikwidza kuti ave nemitambo yeOlympic, mamwe acho achaita zvose zvaanogona kuti akwanise kuitirwa mitambo yacho. Anenge makore maviri akapfuura, International Olympic Committee (IOC) yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka. Kupomerwa mhosva dzokupiwa chiokomuhomwe chinosvika U.S$400 000 [Z$15 200 000] chakabhadharwa kunhengo dzeIOC dzaisarudza apo Salt Lake City yakabudirira mukuwana nzvimbo yokuitira mitambo yeWinter Games muna 2002.
Musiyano uripo pakati pomutsa nechiokomuhomwe chiri pachena unowanzotadza kunyatsooneka sezvo maguta anenge ari pakati peangangoitirwa mitambo yacho achipa zvipo zvinodhura kuvaya vanosarudza nzvimbo. Nhengo dzinosvika 20 dzeIOC dzakapomerwa mhosva munyaya yeSalt Lake City, uye pakupedzisira vatanhatu vavo vakadzingwa basa. Kana iri Mitambo ya2000 ichaitirwa muAustralia, zvizhinji zvakaitwa kuitira kuti pasave netsvete zvakashaya basa apo mukuru mukuru weAustralian Olympic Committee akabvuma kuti: “Kutaura chokwadi, hatina kuhwina [makwikwi acho] nemhaka yokungoti guta redu rakanaka kana kuti tine nzvimbo dzakanaka dzokuitira mitambo yedu pachedu.”
Mamwe mararamire oumbozha edzimwe nhengo dzeIOC akaita kuti kunyumwira kuwedzere. Aimbova mukuru mukuru weInternational Rowing Federation yeSwitzerland, mushakabvu Tommy Keller, pane imwe nguva akati semaonere ake vamwe vakuru vakuru vezvemitambo vanotora mitambo yeOlympic senzira “yokuwana mukurumbira wavo pachavo.” Akawedzera kuti chinhu chinenge chinoita kuti vazhinji vadaro chaiva “kuda mari uye kuwana vavariro dzavo pachavo.”
Kutengesa Nenzira Inobudirira
Hapana angaramba kuti mitambo yeOlympic inoshandisa mari yakawanda zvikuru. Semakore ose, yakanzi inoonekwa nevazhinji paterevhizheni ichiwana mazakwatira emari nokushambadzira, zvichiita kuti kutsigira nemari mitambo iyi kuve nzira inobudirira chaizvo yokutengesa nayo zvinhu.
Funga nezvemitambo yeOlympic yakaitwa muna 1988, apo makambani makuru mapfumbamwe akabhadhara mari inosvika mamiriyoni U.S$100 [mabhiriyoni Z$3,8] kuIOC kuti apiwe mvumo yokutengesa zvinhu zvawo munyika yose. The 1996 Summer Games muAtlanta yakawana mari inosvika mamiriyoni U.S$400 [mabhiriyoni Z$15,2] kuti iwane mvumo yakadarowo. Izvi hazvisanganisiri mari yokubvumidzwa kutengesa paterevhizheni. Imwe kambani yeTerevhizheni yokuAmerica yakabhadhara mari inodarika mabhiriyoni U.S$3,5 [mabhiriyoni Z$133] kuti ishambadzire Mitambo yeOlympic kubvira muna 2000 kusvikira kuna 2008, uye kwakashumwa kuti pamakore mana chete, makambani 11 anotsigira munyika yose anofanira kubhadhara mamiriyoni U.S$84 [mabhiriyoni Z$3,192] imwe neimwe. Saka vamwe vanhu vakataura kuti kunyange zvazvo pakutanga mitambo yeOlympic yaitsigira vavariro dzakanaka dzevanhu, nhasi mitambo iyi yava yokuita mari inotsigira vanhu vane makaro.
Zvinhu Zvakaipira Papi?
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti matambudziko akatanga mumitambo yeOlympic anogona kutevedzwa kusvika kuzvinhu zviviri zvakaitika mukuvamba kwama1980. Chokutanga chakanga chiri chisarudzo chokupa sangano rimwe rezvemitambo renyika dzakawanda mvumo yokusarudza vatambi vaizofanira kukwikwidza pamitambo yeOlympic. Nepo IOC yaisitora vanhu vasiri nyanzvi kuti vakwikwidze, nyika idzi dzakatanga kubvumira vatambi vari nyanzvi kuti vakwikwidze mumitambo yawo yeOlympic. Asi vakwikwidzi vane unyanzvi vakauya nemafungire ounyanzvi. ‘Kukwikwidza zvakanaka’ chete hakubhadhari uye pasina kupera nguva huru, kuhwina pasinei nechingauya kwakabva kwatanga. Saka hazvishamisi kuti izvi zvakaita kuti zvinodhaka zvishandiswe kuita kuti vanhu vakunde.
Chinhu chechipiri chakauya muna 1983 apo IOC yakatsvaka kushandisa chinhu chakanzi nomumwe anotengesa “chinhu chikuru kwazvo chinopa mari chisiri kushandiswa zvakakwana munyika yose”—ringi dzeOlympic. Izvi zvakatanga pfungwa yokutengesa isingadzoreki yava kuzivikanwa kuti inoitika pamitambo yeOlympic. Jason Zengerle akati: “Kusiyana nokutaura kwokuti pave norugare uye kubatanidza vanhu venyika dzose . . . , mitambo yeOlympic haina kumbosiyana . . . nemimwe mitambo ipi neipi zvayo isina kuzvidzora.” Zvisinei, izvi zvinoreva here kuti vavariro dzakanaka dzakanga dzataurwa nokuda kwemitambo yeOlympic hadzikwanisi kuwanika?
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]
CHOKWADI NEZVEMITAMBO YEOLYMPIC
→ Chiratidzo Chemitambo yeOlympic chine maringi mashanu, anomirira makondinendi eAfrica, Asia, Australia, Europe, neNorth uye South America. Akabatanidzwa kuratidzira ushamwari hwevanhu vose huripo pamitambo.
→ Mashoko Okukuza Mitambo yeOlympic anoti Citius, Altius, Fortius—mutauro wechiLatin unoreva kuti “mhanyisa, svetuka chaizvo, shinga chaizvo.” Imwe shanduro ndeyokuti “mhanya nokukurumidza, svetuka chaizvo, simba zvikuru” akashandurwa sezvaari nomumwe mudzidzisi wokuFrance.
→ Moto Unobvira weOlympic unobaka paatari yaZeus mumitambo yepasichigare. Nhasi, moto unobatidzwa nemwaranzi yezuva muOlympia, uye unobva waendeswa kunzvimbo inoitirwa mitambo.
→ Tsika Yokuita Mitambo yeOlympic yave nezviuru zvemakore. Mitambo yeOlympic yakatanga kunyorwa yakaitika muna 776 B.C.E., asi vazhinji vanoti mavambo emitambo yacho anodzokera shure anenge makore ane mazana mashanu gore iroro risati rasvika.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
AP Photo/Eric Draper
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]
NZVIMBO ICHAITIRWA MITAMBO YEOLYMPIC MUSYDNEY
Kubvira muna September 1993, apo Sydney yakahwina makwikwi okuzova neMitambo yeOlympic ya2000, guta racho rave riri mubishi kugadzirira kugamuchira vashanyi vachasvika makumi ezviuru. Basa guru raitwa kuchenesa nzvimbo ichaitirwa mitambo, kuvaka nhandare dzemaoresa, nokuchinja dzimwe nzvimbo dzairasirwa marara kuti dzive mapaka akakura maeka 1 900.
Sydney Olympic Village, yakavakwa kuti mugare vatambi vose nevakuru vakuru vemitambo, ndiwo musha mukuru pane iri mupasi rose inoshandisa simba rezuva. SuperDome—zimba hombe pane dzose dziri kuMaodzanyemba kwePasi rinoitirwa mitambo nenhandaro mukati maro rine gwenya guru remagetsi ezuva pane ose ari muAustralia, uye rinoshanda nezvinhu zvisingamboshatisi mhepo.
Anoonekawo seri kweSuperDome matanda edenga reOlympic Stadium. Zvakadya mari inoita mamiriyoni US$435 [mabhiriyoni Z$16,530] kuivaka uye ndiyo nhandare huru pane dzose dzinoitirwa mitambo yeOlympic mupasi rose, inogara vanhu 110 000. Ndege huru dzeBoeing 747 ina dzinogona kukwana kumira dziri padivi nepadivi munhandare yacho! Nechokumusoro, siringi inoonekera inodzivirira vanenge vachiona kubva kumwaranzi inopisa yezuva. “Kwemwedzi inoverengeka muna 2000,” akadaro Allan Patching, mukuru mukuru wenhandare yacho, “nzvimbo ino ndiyo ichave iri yepamwoyo muAustralia.” Akabva ataura zvaanofunga kuti zvichaitika: “Pashure peizvi ichabva yava semiyuziyamu, kufanana neOpera House.”
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]
Baron Pierre de Coubertin
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Culver Pictures
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]
AP Photo/ACOG, HO