Chitendero Chakanyanya Kurwiswa neSoviet
PASINEI nokuti Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia yakabvumirwa kuvapo kuitira kukunda Hondo Yenyika II, Soviet Union yakaramba ichidzora mabasa echechi. Nokudaro, sokutaura kwakaita The Sword and the Shield, bhuku rakanyorwa muna 1999 renhau yekare yeKGB (Dare Rokudzivirira Hurumende yeSoviet), “KGB yainyanya kutyira mabasa ‘okupandukira’ evaKristu vaya vayakanga isingakwanisi kudzora zvakananga.” Ndeapi aiva mapoka ezvitendero aya?
Yaipfuura dzose pakukura yaiva Chechi yeKaturike yechiGiriki yokuUkraine, yava kunzi Chechi yeKaturike yechiUkraine mazuva ano. Yaiva nevatendi vanenge 4 000 000. Maererano neThe Sword and the Shield, “pamabhishopu ayo ose gumi kusara kwevaviri, uye zviuru zvakawanda zvevapristi nevatendi, vakafira kutenda mumisasa yezvibharo kuSiberia.” Zvimwe zvaiongororwa neKGB aiva machechi akanga asina kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo echiPurotesitendi, akanga asingadzorwi zvakananga neHurumende. Pakupera kwema1950, KGB yakafungidzira kuti mapoka iwaya echiPurotesitendi akanga ane nhengo dzinenge 100 000.
KGB yaiona Zvapupu zvaJehovha seboka rechiPurotesitendi, zvokuti muna 1968 yakafungidzira kuti zvainge 20 000 muSoviet Union. Zvapupu zvaive zvishoma kutozosvikira pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II muna 1939. Saka, zvaisanyanyozivikanwa kana kusatombozivikanwa zvachose. Asi mamiriro acho ezvinhu akachinja zvinoshamisa pakatanga kuoneka zviuru zveZvapupu muSoviet Union. Izvi zvakaitika sei?
Kuwedzera Kunoshamisa Kunotanga
Mubhuku rake rinonzi Religion in the Soviet Union, rakabudiswa muna 1961, Walter Kolarz akataura zvinhu zviviri zvakaita kuti pave nokuwedzera kunoshamisa uku. Chokutanga chaakacherechedza dzaiva, “nharaunda dzakatorwa ndokubatanidzwa neSoviet Union muna 1939-40”—Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, neMoldavia—dzaiva ne“mapoka akawanda anoshingaira eZvapupu zvaJehovha.” Uyezve, mativi okumabvazuva ePoland neCzechoslovakia, aiva neZvapupu zvinopfuura chiuru, akatorwa ndokubatanidzwawo neSoviet Union, ndokuva rutivi rweUkraine. Saka, nenguva isipi Zvapupu zvose izvi zvakanga zvava kugara muSoviet Union.
Kumwe kuwedzera, “kunoita sokusingadaviriki,” akanyora kudaro Kolarz, kwakakonzerwa ne“misasa yevasungwa yevanhu vokuGermany.” VaNazi vakasunga zviuru zveZvapupu nemhaka yokuti zvakaramba kutsigira Hitler muhondo yake yaiparadza. Kolarz akatsanangura kuti vasungwa vokuRussia vaiva mumisasa iyoyi vakanga “vayemura ushingi uye kutsunga kwe‘Zvapupu’ uye zvichida nemhaka yeizvi vakawana dzidziso yazvo ichikwezva.” Somugumisiro, vechiduku vakawanda vokuRussia vaiva mumisasa iyoyi vakadzokera kuSoviet Union vava kutenda muna Jehovha Mwari uye zvinangwa zvake zvakaisvonaka zvaachaitira pasi.—Pisarema 37:29; Zvakazarurwa 21:3, 4.
Nemhaka yezvikonzero zvakadai, nenguva isipi muSoviet Union makava nezviuru zveZvapupu. Mukutanga kwa1946, zvakanga zvava kupfuura 1 600, uye pakazopera makore gumi, zvakanga zvapfuura 8 000 nokure. KGB iya yambotaurwa pakutanga kuti yaityira zvikuru “mabasa evaKristu vaya vayakanga isingakwanisi kudzora zvakananga,” yakatyiswa nokuwedzera uku kwayakacherechedza.
Kurwisa Kunotanga
Pasinei nokuti Zvapupu zvaiva zvishoma muSoviet Union, vakuru vakuru vomuSoviet vakakurumidza kurwisa basa razvo rokuparidza nokushingaira. MuEstonia kurwisa kwacho kwakatanga muna August 1948 pakasungwa nokuiswa mujeri vanhu vashanu vaitungamirira basa. “Munguva pfupi yakatevera zvaiva pachena kuti KGB yaida kusunga munhu wose,” akadaro Lembit Toom, chimwe Chapupu chokuEstonia. Izvi zvaingoitika kwose kwaiwanika Zvapupu muSoviet Union.
Vanhu vokuSoviet vakarondedzera Zvapupu sevapari vemhosva vemakoko uye sevanhu vanotyisidzira kwazvo Hurumende yeSoviet isingadaviri Mwari. Saka, kwose kwose zvaitsvakwa, zvaisungwa, uye zvaiiswa mujeri. The Sword and the Shield yakati: “Kurambwa kusina musoro kwemaJehovist kwakaitwa nevakuru vakuru veKGB zvichida kwakanga kuri muenzaniso mukuru wokutadza kwavo kusiyanisa chinokosha nechisingakoshi pavaitonga nyaya dzokusiyana mumafungiro.”
Kuramba uku kwakaoneka zvinoshamisa pakarwiswa Zvapupu nenzira yakanyatsorongwa muna April 1951. Makore maviri apfuura, muna 1999, Purofesa Sergei Ivanenko, nyanzvi inoremekedzwa yokuRussia, mubhuku rake rinonzi The People Who Are Never Without Their Bibles akataura kuti muna April 1951, “mhuri dzinopfuura 5 000 dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha dzokuUkraine, Byelorussia, Moldavia, uye dzenyika dzokuBaltic Soviet dzakaendeswa ‘kunzvimbo yokugara zvechigarire’ kuSiberia Yakadziva Kumabvazuva, uye kuKazakhstan.”
Zvakakodzera Kuyeukwa
Ungafungidzira here kuti kurwisa kwacho kwaisanganisira chii—kuunganidza zviuru zvemhuri dzeZvapupu munzvimbo yakanga yakakura zvakadaro muzuva rimwe? Funga nezvokuronga vashandi mazana, kana vaisava zviuru—vaiita basa rokuona kuti Zvapupu ndezvipi, uye zvadaro, vasingaoneki nomurima, kwava kurwisa misha yazvo panguva imwe chete izvo zvisingatarisiri. Zvadai, kwava kuita basa rokukwidza vanhu muzvikochikari, mungoro, uye zvimwe zvifambiso; kuvaendesa kuzviteshi zvechitima; uye kuvatakura.
Fungawo kutambura kwevainzarwo. Ungafungidzira here kuti zvaiva zvakadii kumanikidzwa kufamba zviuru zvemakiromita—kwemavhiki anenge matatu kana kupfuura—muchitima chine vanhu vakatsvikinyidzana, chisina utsanana chaive nomugomo chete wokushandisa sechimbuzi? Uye edza kufungidzira uchisiyiwa musango reSiberia, uchiziva kuti, kuti urarame unofanira kutoita zvokutamburira munzvimbo iyoyo isina kunaka.
Mwedzi uno Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvasvitsa makore 50 kubva pazvakaendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo muna April 1951. Zviitiko zvevakasara vari vapenyu zvakatorwa vhidhiyo, kuitira kurondedzera nyaya yokutendeseka kwazvo pasinei nemakumi emakore okutambudzwa. Izvozvi zvinoratidza kuti—sezvazvakanga zvakangoita kuvaKristu vomuzana remakore rokutanga—kuedza kudzivisa vanhu kunamata Mwari kwakashaya basa zvachose.
Zvakaitwa Nokutamisirwa Kune Imwe Nzvimbo
Munguva pfupi yakatevera vanhu vokuSoviet vakaona kuti kurambidza Zvapupu kunamata Jehovha kwaizova kwakaoma kupfuura zvavaifunga. Pasinei nokupikisa kwevakanga vavatapa, Zvapupu zvakaimba rumbidzo kuna Jehovha pazvaitamisirwa kune imwe nzvimbo uye kuisa pamatiroko azvo zviratidzo zvaiti: “Muchitima Chino Mune Zvapupu zvaJehovha.” Chimwe Chapupu chakatsanangura kuti: “Pataienda ikoko, taiona pazviteshi zvezvitima zvimwe zvitima zvakanga zvakatakura vakanga vachitamiswa, uye takaona zviratidzo zvakanga zvakaiswa pazvitima zvacho.” Izvi zvaikurudzira kwazvo!
Saka pane kuti vaore mwoyo, vaya vaitamisirwa kune imwe nzvimbo vakaratidza mafungiro evaapostora vaJesu. Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti varohwa uye varayirwa kurega kuparidza, “vakaramba vachidzidzisa nokuzivisa mashoko akanaka pamusoro paiye Kristu.” (Mabasa 5:40-42) Zvechokwadi, Kolarz akataura nezvokutamisa kwacho achiti, “aya aisava magumo e‘Zvapupu’ muRussia, asi mavambo chete emabasa azvo okutendeutsa. Zvakatoedza kuparadzira kutenda kwazvo pazvaimira pazviteshi zviri parwendo rwokutamiswa.”
Pakadzikiswa Zvapupu zvasvika munzvimbo dzazvo dzokugara dzakasiyana-siyana, zvakawana mukurumbira wakanaka sevashandi vanoteerera, vanoshanda nesimba. Asi, panguva iyoyowo, zvichitevedzera vaapostora vaKristu, chaizvoizvo, zvakaudza vaizvidzvinyirira kuti: ‘Hatingaregi kutaura pamusoro paMwari wedu.’ (Mabasa 4:20) Vakawanda vakateerera zvaidzidziswa neZvapupu uye vakabatana nazvo mukushumira Mwari.
Mugumisiro wacho waiva wakangoita sokutsanangura kwakaita Kolarz kuti: “Nokuvadzinga munyika Hurumende yeSoviet yakabatsira zvikuru kuti zviparadzire kutenda kwazvo. Zviri mumusha wazvo zvoga [kumadokero kwenyika dzeSoviet] ‘Zvapupu’ zvakagariswa munyika yakakura kunyange zvazvo iyoyi yakanga iri nyika yakaipisisa yemisasa yevasungwa neyechibharo.”
Zvakaedzwa Kudzivisa Kuwedzera
Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu vokuSoviet vakaedza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti pasave neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Sezvo chitambudzo chinotyisa chisina kupa migumisiro yaidiwa, purogiramu yakanyatsorongwa yokuparadzira mashoko enhema yakatangwa. Mabhuku, mafirimu, nepurogiramu dzenhepfenyuro—uyewo kuvapo kwevamiririri vakadzidziswa veKGB muungano—zvose zvakaedzwa.
Kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asiri iwo pamwero mukuru kwakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vatye Zvapupu uye varege kuvimba nazvo, sezvakapupurirwa neimwe nyaya muBhuku rokuCanada, raAugust 1982 rinonzi Reader’s Digest. Yakanyorwa naVladimir Bukovsky wokuRussia akanga atenderwa kutamira kuEngland muna 1976. Akanyora kuti: “Mamwe manheru muLondon, ndakangoerekana ndaona chimwe chivako chaiva nechikwangwani chaiti: ZVAPUPU ZVAJEHOVHA . . . Handina kupfuurira kuverenga, ndakatya zvokutadza kuziva kuti ndoitei.”
Vladimir anotsanangura chakaita kuti atye zvakadai achiti: “Ichi ndicho chitendero chinoonekwa nezviremera sechitendero chokutyisidzira nacho vana munyika yedu . . . MuU.S.S.R., unosangana nevanhu ivava ve‘Zvapupu’ mumajeri nomumisasa yevasungwa chete. Asi panguva ino ndakanga ndiri pamberi chaipo pechivako, chine chikwangwani chakanyorwa. Munhu angapinda mukati onwa kapu yetii nazvo here?” akabvunza kudaro. Kuti asimbise chakaita kuti atye, Vladimir akagumisa achiti: “‘Zvapupu’ zviri kutsvakwa nemeso matsvuku munyika yedu sezviri kuitwa vaMafia munyika yavo, kusanzwisiswa kwavari kuitwa kwakangofanana.”
Asi, pasinei nokutambudzwa kwoutsinye uye kuparadzirwa kwemashoko enhema, Zvapupu zvakatsungirira uye nhamba yazvo yakawedzera. Mabhuku okuSoviet akadai serinonzi The Truths About Jehovah’s Witnesses, akadhindwa ari makopi 100 000 muna 1978, akaratidza kudiwa kwokuparadzira mashoko okurwisa Zvapupu. Munyori waro, V. V. Konik, uyo akarondedzera nzira iyo Zvapupu zvaiparidza nayo muchirambidzo chakaomarara, akapa zano achiti: “Vaongorori vechitendero muSoviet vanofanira kudzidza nzira dzinoshanda kuti vakunde dzidziso dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha.”
Nei Zvakanyanya Kurwiswa?
Kungotaura nemashoko ari nyore, Zvapupu zvaJehovha ndizvo zvainyanya kudiwa neSoviet payairwisa zvitendero nokuti zvaitevedzera vateveri vaJesu vepakutanga. Muzana remakore rokutanga, vaapostora vakarayirwa “kurega kutaura pamusoro pezita ra[Jesu].” Uyezve, gare gare vapomeri vavo vakagunun’una kuti: “Tarirai! mazadza Jerusarema nokudzidzisa kwenyu.” Vaapostora havana kuramba kuti vaiparidza kunyange zvazvo mirayiro yainge yavarambidza, asi vakapindura zvine chiremera kuti: “Tinofanira kuteerera Mwari somutongi panzvimbo pevanhu.”—Mabasa 5:27-29.
Nhasiwo, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinonyatsoteerera murayiro waJesu waakapa vateveri vake wo“kuparidzira vanhu nokupupurira kwazvo.” (Mabasa 10:42) Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Kremlin’s Human Dilemma, Maurice Hindus anotsanangura kuti kwaiva “kushingairira vhangeri” kwakaita kuti Zvapupu “zvinyanyonetswa muMoscow uye [kwakaita kuti] zvirambe zvichingobonderana nemapurisa okuSoviet.” Akawedzera kuti: “Hazvisi kurega. Zvikarambidzwa mune imwe nzvimbo, zvinooneka kune imwe.”
“Semaziviro angu,” akanyora kudaro wezvenhau dzakaitika kare wokuRussia Sergei Ivanenko, “sangano reZvapupu zvaJehovha ndiro chete sangano rechitendero muUSSR rakawedzera munhamba pasinei nokurambidzwa uye kutambudzwa.” Zvechokwadi, zvimwe zvitendero zvakaramba zviripo, kusanganisira chine mukurumbira kupfuura zvose, Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Uchawana uchida kuziva kuti chechi iyoyi neZvapupu zvakaramba sei zviripo pairwisa Soviet zvitendero.
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“Zvakanyanya Kutambudzwa Noutsinye”
A Concise Encyclopaedia of Russia ya1964 yakataura kuti Zvapupu zvaJehovha “zvainyanya kushingaira pakutendeutsa” uye “ndizvo zvakanyanya kutambudzwa noutsinye pazvitendero zvose zviri muSoviet Union.”
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MUMWE PAZVIURU—Fyodor Kalin Anorondedzera Kutamiswa Kwakaitwa Mhuri Yake Nokumanikidzwa
Mhuri yedu yaigara mumusha weVilshanitsa, kumadokero kweUkraine. Mumambakwedza omusi waApril 8, 1951, mapurisa aiva nembwa akasvika, ndokutimutsa, uye akatiudza kuti nomurayiro wakanga wabva kuhurumende yeMoscow, takanga tava kuendeswa kuSiberia. Asi dai taizosaina gwaro raiti hatisisiri Zvapupu zvaJehovha, taizogara. Mhuri yedu yevanhu vanomwe, kusanganisira vabereki vangu nevarumudzani vangu, takanga takatsunga kuramba tiri Zvapupu. Ipapo ndaiva nemakore 19.
Mumwe mupurisa akati: “Takurai bhinzi, chibage, furawa, mufushwa, kabhiji—nokuti mukasadaro vana vachadyei?” Takatenderwa kuuraya huku nenguruve uye kutakura nyama yacho. Zvikochikari zviviri zvinodhonzwa nemabhiza zvakaunzwa, uye zvinhu zvose zvakaiswa imomo ndokuendeswa kutaundi reHriplin. Ikoko vanenge 40 kana kuti 50 vedu vakatsvikinyidzana muchitima, uye musuo wakavharwa.
Ngoro yechitima chacho yaingova nemapuranga mashoma okurarira—akanga asingakwaniri munhu wose—uye chitofu chemarasha nehuni. Taibikira pachitofu chacho, tichishandisa midziyo yokubikira yatakanga tatakura. Asi pakanga pasina chimbuzi—taingoshandisa mugomo. Zvadaro takagadzira buri pasi, ndokuisa mugomo wacho pariri, uye kuukomberedza nemagumbezi kuitira kuti munhu asaonekwa.
Takagara pamwe chete takatsvikinyidzana muchitima ichocho sezvataifamba rwendo rwemakiromita zviuru kuenda kunzvimbo yatakanga tisingazivi. Pakutanga, takanga takaora mwoyo. Asi pataiimba nziyo dzoUmambo pamwe chete—zvine simba zvokutadza kunyatsotaura gare gare—takafara. Mukuru mukuru wemapurisa aivhura musuo oti tinyarare, asi taitozonyarara kana tapedza. Pataimira muzviteshi tiri parwendo rwedu, vakawanda vakaziva kuti Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakanga zviri kutamiswa. Pakupedzisira, pashure pemazuva 17 kana kuti 18 tiri muchitima ichocho, takaburutswa muSiberia pedyo neGungwa rinonzi Baikal.
[Mufananidzo]
Ndini ndakamira kumutsetse wokumashure, nechokurudyi
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AMAGEDHONI—Firimu reSoviet Rokuparadzira Mashoko Enhema
Vanhu vokuSoviet vakabudisa firimu rinonzi Amagedhoni vachiedza kusvibisa Zvapupu zvaJehovha. Raiva nenyaya yokunyepedzera yokudanana kwomukomana aishanda mumauto eSoviet nomusikana akanga afurirwa kuva mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha. Pakupera kwefirimu racho, munun’una womusikana wacho akafa mutsaona yakakonzerwa nomutariri aiva Chapupu, airatidzwa somusori wevanhu vokuAmerica.
Richitaura nezvefirimu racho rakatyisa vateereri, pepanhau rokuUkraine romusi waMay 14, 1963 rinonzi Red Flag, rakati: “Nenzira iyi kuparadzira mashoko okusadavira Mwari kuri kubudirira, kuri kutendisa, uye kunogona kushandiswa mune mimwe misha yenyika ino iri kuratidzwa mafirimu akafanana neiwaya.”
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Zviuru zvakaendeswa kuSiberia nezvitima