Dambudziko Riri Pasi Pose
“Kuzviuraya idambudziko revanhu vakawanda.”—David Satcher, chiremba mukuru weUnited States, muna 1999.
MASHOKO iwayo akanga ari okutanga munhau kuti chiremba mukuru weUnited States abvume kuti kuzviuraya rakanga riri dambudziko revanhu vakawanda. Vanhu vakawanda munyika iyoyo vari kuzviuraya kudarika vari kuurayiwa nevamwe. Ndosaka zvisinganyanyi kushamisa kuti Dare Remakurukota reUnited States rakataura kuti kudzivisa kuzviuraya inhau inofanira kuiswa pokutanga munyika yacho yose.
Asi, nhamba yevanozviuraya muUnited States, iyo yakanga iri 11,4 pavanhu 100 000 voga voga muna 1997, iri pasi penhamba yepasi pose yakabudiswa neWorld Health Organization (Sangano Routano Repasi Pose) muna 2000—16 pavanhu 100 000 voga voga. Nhamba yevanozviuraya pasi pose yakawedzera nezvikamu 60 kubva muzana mumakore 45 apfuura. Pari zvino, mugore rimwe chete, vanhu vanoda kusvika miriyoni pasi pose vanozviuraya. Izvi zvakafanana nokuti anenge munhu mumwe chete anofa mumasekonzi 40 oga oga!
Zvisinei, nhamba hadzigoni kutaura nyaya yacho yose. Muzviitiko zvakawanda nhengo dzemhuri dzinoramba kuti munhu azviuraya. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakuzviuraya kwose kunobudirira, kuedza kuzviuraya 10 kusvika ku25 kunoitwa. Kumwe kuongorora kwakawana kuti vana 27 kubva muzana vechikoro chesekondari vomuUnited States vakabvuma kuti gore rakanga rapfuura, vakanga vatombonyatsofunga zvokuzviuraya; 8 kubva muzana yevakabvunzurudzwa vakati vakanga vaedza kuzviuraya. Dzimwe ongororo dzakawana kuti kubva pa5 kusvika ku15 muzana yevanhu vakura vakambova nepfungwa yokuzviuraya pane imwe nguva.
Kusiyana Kwetsika
Maonero anoita vanhu kuzviuraya anosiyana chaizvo. Vamwe vanoti imhosva, vamwe vanoti umbwende, uyezve vamwe vanoti inzira inoremekedzeka yokukumbira nayo ruregerero kana munhu atadza. Vamwe vanototi inzira yakanaka yokuita kuti zvinoda munhu zviitike. Nei paine pfungwa dzakasiyana zvakadaro? Tsika dzine zvizhinji zvadzinoita. The Harvard Mental Health Letter inototaura kuti tsika “dzinogona kuita kuti munhu azviuraye.”
Chimbofunga nezveimwe nyika iri muEurope—Hungary. Dr. Zoltán Rihmer vanotaura nezvenhamba yakakura yevanhu vanozviuraya muHungary “setsika ‘yakaipa.’” Béla Buda, mutungamiriri weNational Institute for Health yeHungary, akataura kuti vanhu vokuHungary vanozviuraya nyore nyore nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi. “Ane kenza—anoziva mapedzero aanoita dambudziko iroro” maererano naBuda, ndizvo zvinoitwa nevanhu vakawanda.
Pane imwe nguva muIndia makanga mune tsika yechitendero yaizivikanwa nezita rokuti suttee pachirungu. Tsika yokuti chirikadzi yaizvikanda mumoto munenge muchipiswa chitunha chomurume wayo haisati yanyatsopera kunyange zvazvo yakarambidzwa. Apo mumwe mukadzi anonzi akazviuraya nenzira iyi, vanhu vakawanda vomunharaunda yacho vakarumbidza njodzi yacho. Maererano neIndia Today, munzvimbo iyoyo yomuIndia “ine vakadzi vanenge 25 vakazvipisa panopisirwa zvitunha zvevarume vavo mumakore 25.”
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti muJapan kuzviuraya kunopeta nekatatu nhamba yevanhu vanofa mutsaona dzomumigwagwa! “Tsika yagara iri muJapan, isina kumbobvira yashora kuzviuraya, inozivikanwa zvikuru nokuzvibudisa matumbu inonzi (“seppuku,” kana kuti hara-kiri), inodaro Japan—An Illustrated Encyclopedia.
Mubhuku rake rinonzi Bushido—The Soul of Japan, Inazo Nitobe, uyo akazova mutevedzeri womunyori weLeague of Nations, akatsanangura tsika iyi yokufarira rufu. Akanyora kuti: “Chinhu chakatanga muMiddle Ages, [seppuku] wakanga uri muitiro wokuti varwi vatize mhaka dzavanenge vapara, vakumbire ruregerero nokuda kwokukanganisa, vatize kunyadziswa, vazorodze shamwari dzavo, kana kuti kuratidza kuti ndevepachokwadi.” Kunyange zvazvo kuzviuraya kwakadai kwava chinhu chekare, vashoma vachiri kuzviita kuti tsika yacho irambe iripo.
Kune rimwe divi, kuzviuraya kwagara kuchionekwa semhosva muchiKristudhomu. Pakasvika zana remakore rechitanhatu uye rechinomwe, Chechi yeRoma Katurike yakaramba vaya vakanga vazviuraya uye yakaramba kuti vaitirwe tsika dzemariro. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuzvipira muchitendero kwakatanga dzimwe tsika dzinoshamisa maererano nokuzviuraya—kusanganisira kusungirira chitunha chacho, kunyange kubaya mwoyo wacho nehoko.
Zvinoshamisawo kuti vaya vaiedza kuzviuraya vaigona kutongerwa rufu. Paakaedza kuzviuraya achizvicheka pahuro, mumwe murume wokuEngland muzana remakore rechi19 akasungirirwa. Saka zviremera zvakazopedzisa zvakanga zvatadza kuitwa nomurume wacho pachake. Kunyange zvazvo chirango chomunhu anenge aedza kuzviuraya chakachinja nokufamba kwenguva, mugore ra1961 ndipo apo Paramende yeBritain yakataura kuti kuzviuraya uye kuedza kuzviuraya yakanga isisiri mhosva. MuIreland yakaramba iri mhosva kusvikira muna 1993.
Nhasi, vamwe vanyori vanotaura kuti kuzviuraya ndeimwe nzira inogona kushandiswa. Rimwe bhuku rakanyorwa muna 1991 raitaura nezvokuti munhu anenge ane chirwere chinouraya angazviuraya sei achibatsirwa neanenge achimutarisira. Pave paya, nhamba yakakura yevanhu vakanga vasiri kurwara zvinouraya vakashandisa imwe yenzira dzakanga dzataurwa.
Kuzviuraya ndiko kunopedza matambudziko omunhu here? Kana kuti pane zvikonzero zvakanaka zvokuti munhu arambe achirarama here? Tisati tapindura mibvunzo iyi, regai titange kukurukura chinoita kuti vanhu vazviuraye.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 21]
Mugore rimwe chete, vanhu vanenge miriyoni pasi pose vanozviuraya. Izvi zvakafanana nokuti munhu mumwe anofa mumasekonzi 40 oga oga!