Fundo 3
Bhaibheri—Bhuku Redu Guru Rinofundwa
1, 2. Kunyorwa kweBhaibheri kwakavamba uye kwakaguma rini, uye ndohupi huri ukuru hwokuparadzirwa kweBhaibheri?
1 Bhaibheri ndiro bhuku redu guru rinofundwa muChikoro Choushumiri Choubati Ushe hwaMwari, uye savashumiri vamashoko akanaka tinofanira kuva vakasanorovedzana naro. Tinofanira kuziva kuti rakavapo sei, charinacho uye mashandisirwe aro.
2 Kunyorwa kweBhaibheri kunodzokera shure kusvikira kugore ra1513 B.C.E., apo Mosesi akarayirwa kuvamba chinyorwa chacho. Maiva mukupera kwezana rokutanga ramakore C.E. apo muapostora Johane akapedza kunyora kwake, nokudaro achigumisa kunyorwa kweBhaibheri—pashure paanenge mazana gumi namatanhatu amakore. Nhasi Bhaibheri rinowanika, rose kana kuti murutivi, mumitauro 2 000. Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku mashomanene achiparadzirwa kusvika kumamiriyoni, Bhaibheri rakabudiswa muzviuru zvamamiriyoni. Hapana rimwe bhuku rinogona kuenzana nechinyorwa ichecho. Chokwadika, kunyorwawo zvako kwebhuku rorudzidziso, kuchengetwa kwaro kwamazana amakore uye kukosheswa kwaro namamiriyoni hazvisati zvichibvumikisa kuti iro rakavambwa naMwari. Rinofanira kuva nezvipupuriro zvoKunyorwa naMwari zvinoratidzira kuti rakafuridzirwa naMwari. Kusanonzverwa kweBhaibheri kunopwisa vanhu vapachokwadi kuti zvirokwazvo iro rine zvipupuriro zvakadaro.
3, 4. Bhaibheri rakatanga kunyorwa muchimiroi, uye iro rakakamurwa rini kuva maganhuro uye ndima?
3 Richiva rakanyorwa pakuvamba muchiHebheru, chiAramaiki nechiGiriki, Bhaibheri, sezvatinoriziva, rine mabhuku ane makumi matanhatu namatanhatu. Nhamba chaiyoiyo yamabhuku haisati ichikosha (kana mamwe akabatanidzwa kana kuti akaregwa akaparadzana), kana nhevedzano yakati yaanotevedzana nayo. Mabhuku acho akaramba ari mipumburu yamanyoro yakaparadzana nguva refu pashure pokunge ndaza yamanyoro matsvene eBhaibheri kana kuti rudungwe rwamabhuku akafuridzirwa rwagumiswa, uye midungwe yekare inosiyana munhevedzano umo mabhuku acho anorongwa mairi. Chinokosha zvikurusa, zvisinei, ndicho chokuti ndaapi mabhuku anobatanidzwa. Chaizvoizvo, mabhuku iwayo bedzi ari zvino mundaza yamanyoro matsvene ndiwo oga anotaura kuti akafuridzirwa. Kubvira munguva dzekare nhamburiko dzokubatanidza mamwe manyoro dzave dzakadziviswa.
4 Bhaibheri rakanyorwa pakuvamba mumitsetse inopfuurira, isina kukamuka yamabhii. Muitiro upi noupi wokukamuranisa mitsetse yamashoko nezviratidzo zvokutindika nokumira hauna kuongwa kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechipfumbamwe C.E. Mativi makuru omuitiro wedu wazvino uno wezviratidzo zvokutindika nokumira akavamba muzana rechigumi namashanu ramakore C.E. somugumisiro wokutangwa kwokudhinda. Kukamurwa kweBhaibheri kuva maganhuro uye ndima (King James Version ine maganhuro 1 189, ndima 31 102) hakuna kuitwawo navanyori vapakuvamba. Ikoku kwakauya mazana amakore gare gare. VaMasorete, nyanzvi dzechiJudha, vakakamura Magwaro echiHebheru kuva ndima. Ipapo muzana ramakore rechigumi nematatu C.E. zvikamu zvamaganhuro zvakawedzerwa.
5, 6. Bhaibheri rakafuridzirwa mupfungwai, uye chii chinotsanangura manyorerwo akasiyana-siyana arinawo?
5 Muunganidzwa wakafuridzirwa wamabhuku. Vanhu vane makumi mana vakasiyana-siyana vakabatira savanyori voMunyori mumwe mukuru kunyora Shoko rakafuridzirwa raJehovha. “Rugwaro rwose rwakafuridzirwa naMwari,” uye ikoku kunobatanidza manyoro aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki pamwe chete na“mamwe magwarowo.” (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 3:15, 16) Nokuti “kufuridzirwa” kunorehwa, kwete kunyandurwawo zvako kwoungwaru uye mirangariro kusvikira kumwero wakakwirira zvikuru wechinoitwa (sezvinowanzotaurwa nezvenyanzvi dzokunyika kana kuti vadetembedzi), asi kuitwa kwamanyoro asingakanganisi ayo ane chiremera chimwe chetecho sokunge akanyorwa naMwari amene. Mwari akaparira mudzimu wake amene kuti ushande pane vanhu vakatendeka avo iye akashandisa kunyora zvinhu iye achitungamirira. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero muapostora Petro aigona kuzivisa kuti: “Nokuti hakuna uporofita hwakatongouya nokuda kwomunhu, asi vanhu vaMwari vakataura, vachimutswa noMweya Mutsvene.” (2 Pet. 1:21) Zvisinei, mune chinenge chiitiko chimwe, mashoko akagoverwa akaita zvokunyorwa naMwari amene. Ichochi chaiva Mirayiro Gumi, Mwari achipa Mosesi “mahwendefa amabwe akanga akanyorwa nomumwe waMwari.”—Eks. 31:18.
6 Mune zvimwe zviitiko mashoko aitumirwa shoko neshoko, kupfurikidza nenhungamiro inotaurwa. (Eks. 34:27) Vaporofita vaiwanzopiwawo mashoko akananga okutaura. (1 Madz. 22:14; Jer. 1:7) Zvisinei, ufakazi hunoratidza kuti vanhu vakashandiswa naMwari kunyora Magwaro havasati vaingogaronyora zvavo mashoko aitaurwa. Somuenzaniso, Johane akagamuchira Zvakazarurwa kupfurikidza nengirozi yaMwari “muzviratidzo” uye Johane akaudzwa kuti: “Zvaunoona nyora mumupumburu wamanyoro.” (Zvak. 1:1, 2, 10, 11, NW) Naizvozvo, sezviri pachena Mwari akakuona kwakanaka kubvumira vanyori veBhaibheri kusarudza mashoko uye mataurire kuti varondedzere zviono zvavaiona, nepo iye aigaroshandisa nhungamiro yakakwana pavari zvokuti mugumisiro wakanga wakarurama uye wakakodzera donzo rake. (Mup. 12:10) Ikoku pasina mubvunzo kunotsanangura mitoo yakasiyana-siyana iri pachena mumabhuku eBhaibheri.
7. Ndivanaani vakanga vari vamwe vavanyori vaMagwaro echiHebheru, uye ndizvinodikanwai zvavaporofita vechokwadi zvavakasvitsa vose?
7 Kuti manyoro aMosesi akafuridzirwa naMwari hakugoni kuva nomubvunzo, nebetsero youfakazi hwomukati. Yakanga isati iri pfungwa yaMosesi yokuva mutungamiriri wavaIsraeri. Pakutanga Mosesi akaramba chikarakadzo chacho. (Eks. 3:10, 11; 4:10-14) Panzvimbo pezvo, Mwari akamutsa Mosesi ndokumupa masimba anoshamisa. Kunyange vaprista vaishandisa mashiripiti vaifanira kubvuma kuti izvo Mosesi akaita zvakavambwa naMwari. (Eks. 4:1-9; 8:16-18) Mukuteerera murayiro waMwari uye kupfurikidza nezvipupuriro zvaMwari zvomudzimu mutsvene, Mosesi akasundwa kutanga kutaura uye ipapo kunyora rutivi rweBhaibheri. (Eks. 17:14) Pashure porufu rwaMosesi, manyoro aJoshua, Samueri, Gadhi naNatani (Joshua, Vatongi, Rute, 1 na2 Samueri) akawedzerwa. Mambo Dhavhidhi naMambo Soromoni vakaitawo wedzero kundaza inokura yaManyoro Matsvene. Ipapo kwakasvika vaporofita kubvira pana Jona kusvikira kuna Maraki, mumwe nomumwe achiwedzera kundaza yamanyoro matsvene yeBhaibheri. Uye mumwe nomumwe aisvitsawo zvinodikanwa zvevaporofita vechokwadi sezvakaratidzwa naJehovha: Ivo vakataura muzita raJehovha, uporofita hwavo hwakazadzika uye ivo vakatendeudzira vanhu kuna Mwari.—Dheut. 13:1-3; 18:20-22.
8. Ndechipi chiri chibvumikiso chinopwisa zvikurusa chokuva kwaMagwaro echiHebheru endaza yamanyoro matsvene?
8 Sezvo Jehovha akafuridzira vanhu kuti vanyore, kunobva kwava kune mufungo kuti iye aizotungamirira kuunganidzwa kwamanyoro iwaya akafuridzirwa. Maererano negamuchidzanwa rechiJudha, Ezra akabetsera mune iri basa pashure pokunge vaJudha vakatapwa vagariswazve muJudha. Iye akanga akasanokwaniriswa nokuda kwebasa racho, zvaaiva mumwe wavanyori vakafuridzirwa veBhaibheri, muprista, uyewo “munyori ane unyanzvi mumutemo waMosesi.” (Ezra 7:1-11, NW) Ndaza yamanyoro matsvene yaMagwaro echiHebheru yakanga yasanopedzwa pakupera kwezana ramakore rechishanu B.C.E. Yakanga ine manyoro mamwe chetewo atinawo nhasi uye ayo zvino akakamurwa kuva mabhuku ane makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe. Hapana dare ravanhu rakaaita kuti ave endaza yamanyoro matsvene; kubvira pamavambo awo iwo akanga ane tendero yaMwari. Chipupuriro chinopwisa zvikurusa pamusoro pokuti Magwaro echiHebheru ndeendaza yamanyoro matsvene ishoko risingarambwi raJesu Kristu navanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Kunyange zvazvo ivo vakashandisa Magwaro akafuridzirwa echiHebheru norusununguko, havana kutongonokora mashoko mumabhuku eapokirifa.—Ruka 24:44, 45.
9, 10. Ivimbisoi iripo yokuti mabhuku aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki chaizvoizvo ndeendaza yamanyoro matsvene eBhaibheri?
9 Kunyorwa uye kuunganidzwa kwamabhuku ane makumi maviri namanomwe aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki kwakanga kwakafanana nokuye kwaMagwaro echiHebheru. Kristu “akapa vanhu zvipo,” hungu, “wakapa vamwe kuti vave vaapostora, vamwe vaporofita, vamwe vaevhangeri, vamwe vafudzi navadzidzisi.” (VaEf. 4:8, 11-13) Vaine mudzimu mutsvene waMwari pavari ivo vakaratidzira dzidziso yakanakira ungano yechiKristu. Jesu akavimbisa vaapostora vake kuti mudzimu waMwari waizovabetsera, waizovadzidzisa, waizovatungamirira uye waizovayeuchidza zvinhu zvavakanga vanzwa kwaari, pamwe chete nokuvazivisa zvinhu zvomunguva yemberi. (Joh. 14:26; 16:13) Ikoku kwakavimbisa uchokwadi uye ururami hwenhoroondo dzavo dzeEvhangeri.
10 Muedzo chaiwoiwo wokuva romundaza yamanyoro matsvene hausati uri wokuti bhuku rakati rakanokorwa mashoko kangani kana kuti nomunyorii asati ari muapostora. Zviri mukati mebhuku rimene zvinofanira kupa ufakazi hwokuti iro chinhu chakaitwa nomudzimu mutsvene. Naizvozvo, iro harigoni kukurudzira kudavira mashura, kudavira madhemoni kana kuti kunamatwa kwechisikwa. Rinofanira kuva mutsinhirano yakakwana norutivi rwose rwasara rweBhaibheri. Bhuku rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kuwirirana no“muenzaniso [woumwari] wamashoko akanaka,” uye kuva mutsinhirano nedzidziso dzaJesu. (2 Tim. 1:13, NW) Nenzira yakajeka vaapostora vakataura vaine chiremera chaMwari. Kupfurikidza nomudzimu mutsvene ivo vaiva ne“nzwisiso yamashoko akafuridzirwa” pamusoro pokuti akadaro akanga ari aMwari here kana kuti kwete. (1 VaK. 12:4, 10, NW) Ndaza iyi yakavimbika yavanhu vakafuridzirwa naMwari yakaguma nokufa kwaJohane, muapostora wokupedzisira. Uye naizvozvo, ndaza yamanyoro matsvene yeBhaibheri yakaguma naZvakazarurwa, Evhangeri yaJohane netsamba dzake. Mabhuku ane makumi matanhatu namatanhatu eBhaibheri redu, kupfurikidza netsinhirano yawo, anopupurira umwe hweBhaibheri, uye anorirumbidza kwatiri zvirokwazvo seshoko raJehovha rechokwadi chakafuridzirwa.
11. Mashokoi ayo neimwe nzira aizodai asina kuwanika kune vanhu ari muBhaibheri?
11 Zviri Mukati. Bhaibheri rine mashoko ayo neimwe nzira aizodai asingawaniki kuna vanhu. Nhoroondo yaGenesi, somuenzaniso, inogovera mashoko pamusoro pokusikwa kwapasi; inotizivisa zvinhu zvakaitika munhu asati avapo. (Gen. 1:1-31) Bhaibheri rinotiudzawo pamusoro pekurukurirano dzakaitika mumatenga uye idzo dzakanga dzisingagoni kunzwiwa nenzeve dzomunhu, kutoti Mwari akagovera mashoko acho.—Jobho 1:6-12; 1 Madz. 22:19-23.
12, 13. Tinodzidzei pamusoro paJehovha uye Jesu Kristu muMagwaro?
12 Chinokosha zvikuru, Bhaibheri rinotirovedzanisa naJehovha. Rinorondedzera udzame hwezviono zvinoshamisa zvaJehovha izvo vabatiri vake vakaropafadzwa nazvo. (Dhan. 7:9, 10) Uyewo Bhaibheri rinotirovedzanisa nezita raMwari rokuti “Jehovha,” riri zita rinowanwa kanopfuura ka6 800 murugwaro rwavaMasorete rwaMagwaro echiHebheru. MuBhaibheri tinoziva nezvamavara akatanhamara aJehovha, akadai sorudo, uchenjeri, ruramisiro, ngoni, mwoyo murefu, rupo, kukwana muzivo, kusachinja. (Eks. 34:6, 7) Kupfuurirazve, Bhaibheri rinotiudza zvakawanda pamusoro poMwanakomana waMwari uye nzvimbo inokosha yaanayo mudonzo raMwari. (VaK. 1:17, 18; 2:3; 2 VaK. 1:20) Kupfuura vamwe vapi navapi, Mwanakomana waMwari, paaiveri pasi pano, akanga achikwanisa kukudza kurovedzana kwedu naJehovha. Nokuti akakwanisa kuti: “Wandiona ini, waona Baba.”—Joh. 14:9.
13 Udzame hwose pamusoro pokukura kwedonzo raMwari hunoziviswa muBhaibheri. Zvikomborero zvose zvakafanotaurwa nokuda kwomunhu anoteerera zvakanangidzirwa muMuponesi akapikirwa uyo Jehovha aizomutsa. Iye akarondedzerwa muBindu reEdheni naMwari se“mbeu” yomukadzi waMwari. (Gen. 3:15, NW) Pashure penguva yakati Mwari akapikira kuti iyi Mbeu yaizouya nokuna Abrahama. (Gen. 22:18) Akaratidza kuti Muponesi akapikirwa aizova mambo asingaperi uye muprista “maererano nomutoo waMerkizedheki!” (Pis. 110:4; VaH. 7:1-28, NW) Akapa sungano yomutemo kuna Israeri nouprista hwayo nezvibayiro, zvose zvaiva “mumvuri wezvinhu zvakanaka zvichauya.” (VaH. 10:1; VaK. 2:17, NW) Chipikirwa chakaitwa kuna Dhavhidhi kuti umambo hwaizogara nokusingaperi mumhuri yake. (2 Sam. 7:11-16) Uye mugari wenhaka wechipikirwa ichecho, pamwe chete nouyo uporofita humwe hwose hwakanongedzera kwaari soMununuri, anoratidzwa kuva Jesu Kristu. Hungu, mumapeji aro ose Bhaibheri rinonangidzira ngwariro pamusoro wamanyoro akafuridzirwa—umambo hwaMwari hunotungamirirwa naJesu Kristu somutoo uyo Jehovha akagovera nokuda kwokuita donzo Rake.
14-17. Nei uporofita hweBhaibheri nezano reBhaibheri pamusoro petsika zviri zvoukoshi hukuru kwatiri tose?
14 Sebhuku rouporofita, Bhaibheri rakatanhamara. Nokudaro rinopa revo yezviitiko zvenhau uye rinoratidza chikonzero nei zvakaitika nenzira yazvakaitika nayo. (Ruka 19:41-44) Rinoratidza nguva yemberi yehurumende dzose dzazvino dzenyika. (Dhan. 2:44) Rinotsanangura zviitiko zvamazuva edu, richiratidza kuti tinorarama munguva yakafanotaurwa yomugumo wetsika ino yekare uye kuti nokukurumidza Mwari achabvisa vakaipa vose.—2 Tim. 3:1-5; Pis. 37:9, 10.
15 Tisina Bhaibheri hatisati taizoziva donzo chairoiro roupenyu. (Mup. 12:13) Rinojekesa kuti munhu haana kungoerekana avapo, asi chisikwa chaMwari, ane donzo rorudo nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu. Uye rinotsanangura chiri kuda kwaMwari nokuda kwedu zvino uye mawanire atingaita gutsikano chaiyoiyo muupenyu.—Zvak. 4:11; 1 Tim. 2:3, 4; Pis. 16:11.
16 Nhau yomunhu inoratidzira kuti munhu, asina Mwari, haagoni kutungamirira nenzira inobudirira nhano dzake. Bhaibheri bedzi rinogovera nhungamiro yaanoda. Rinopa nhungamiro pamusoro petsika, richiratidza izvo Mwari anoshora uye izvo anotendera. (VaG. 5:19-23) Rinobvumikisa kuva betsero inoshanda zvikurusa pakati penyika yakarasa kuzvidzora mutsika. Rinotibetsera kuwana murangariro waMwari uye kuva vanomufadza. Uye rinotiratidza nzira inoenda kuupenyu husingagumi munyika itsva yaMwari.—Joh. 17:3.
17 Hakusati kuri pachena here chikonzero nei iri Bhuku ramabhuku richifanira kuva bhuku redu guru rinofundwa? VaKristu, kupfuura zvose, vanoitira hanya zvikuru kufeya-feya iri Bhuku rakanyorwa neUyo Mwanakomana waMwari akati kwaari: “Shoko renyu ichokwadi.” (Joh. 17:17, NW) Bhaibheri, naizvozvo, rine nzvimbo yokutanga mukosi yefundo yeChikoro Choushumiri Choubati Ushe hwaMwari.