Bhaibheri Rinotiudza Zvose Here NezvaJesu?

Kuti Jesu angave asina kufira paGorogota here sezvinotaurwa neBhaibheri, asi kuti angave asina kuzofa? Ichokwadi here kuti akaroora Mariya Magadharini ndokuberekerwa vana naye? Kana kuti angave aiva munhu aiomerera pakurarama upenyu husina zvinhu zvakawanda uye hwokusada zvinofadza zvepasi pamusana pezvaaitenda? Kuti akadzidzisa dzidziso dzakasiyana nedzatinoverenga muBhaibheri here?

PFUNGWA dzokufungidzira idzi dzangova kwose kwose makore ano, kuvapozve kwadzo kunokonzerwa nemafirimu nemanovhero akakurumbira. Tisingangotauri nezvemitambo yokunyepedzera inonakidza kuona, kunewo mabhuku akawanda nenyaya dzinokoshesa mabhuku eapokirifa omuzana remakore rechipiri nerechitatu C.E. anoti ane mamwe mashoko akabviswa mumabhuku eEvhangeri anotaura nezvaJesu. Mashoko iwayo anobatsira here? Tinogona here kuva nechokwadi chokuti Bhaibheri rinotiudza zvose, chokwadi nezvaJesu?

Kuti tipindure mibvunzo iyi, zvinobatsira kuti tikurukure zvinhu zvitatu. Kutanga, tinofanira kuziva mashoko anokosha nezvevarume vakanyora nhoroondo dziri mumabhuku eEvhangeri uye kuti vakaanyora riini; chechipiri, tinofanira kuziva kuti ndiani akaratidza kuti mabhuku omuBhaibheri ane uchapupu hunogutsa hwokuti akafuridzirwa naMwari ndeechokwadi uye sei; uye chechitatu, tinoda kuziva mamiriro ainge akaita zvinhu pakanyorwa mabhuku eapokirifa uye kuti akasiyana sei nemabhuku omuBhaibheri ane uchapupu hunogutsa hunoratidza kuti akafuridzirwa naMwari.a

Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki Akanyorwa Rini, uye Naani?

Mamwe mashoko anoti Evhangeri yaMateu yakanyorwa kare mugore rechisere Kristu afa, munenge muna 41 C.E. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti yakazonyorwa gare gare, asi vakawanda vanobvumirana kuti mabhuku ose eMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akanyorwa muzana remakore rokutanga C.E.

Vakaona upenyu hwaJesu, nokumutswa kwake vakanga vachiri kurarama panguva iyoyo; saka vaigona kupupurira nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri. Vaigonawo kutaura zvinhu zvainge zvisina kururama munhoroondo idzi. Mumwe purofesa anonzi F. F. Bruce anoti: “Chimwe chinhu chaiita kuti kuparidzira kwevaapostora kare kuve nesimba, kuteterera nechivimbo kwavaiita kuvateereri vavo; vakanga vasingangoti, ‘Tiri zvapupu zvezvinhu izvi,’ asiwo vaiti, ‘Sezvamunozivawo imi’ (Mabasa 2:22).”

Ndivanaani vakanyora Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki? Vanhu vacho vaisanganisira vaapostora 12 vaJesu. Ava nevamwe vanyori veBhaibheri, vakadai saJakobho, Judha, uye zvichida Mako, vaivapo pazuva rePendekosti muna 33 C.E. pakaumbwa ungano yechiKristu. Vanyori vacho vose kusanganisira Pauro, vaiva vakabatana chaizvo nedare rinodzora rokutanga reungano yechiKristu yekare, raiumbwa nevaapostora nevakuru vaiva muJerusarema.—Mabasa 15:2, 6, 12-14, 22; VaGaratiya 2:7-10.

Jesu akatuma vateveri vake kuti vaenderere mberi nebasa rokuparidza uye rokudzidzisa raakanga atanga. (Mateu 28:19, 20) Akatoti: “Anokuteererai anonditeererawo.” (Ruka 10:16) Uyezve, akavavimbisa kuti mudzimu mutsvene waMwari, kana kuti simba rinoita basa, waizovapa simba ravaida kuita basa racho. Zvainyorwa izvi pazvaibva kuvaapostora kana kuti kuvamwe vavo vavainamata navo—varume vaipa uchapupu hwakajeka hwokukomborerwa nomudzimu mutsvene waMwari—vaKristu vekare vaingobvuma vasingapikisi mabhuku akadaro seakafuridzirwa.

Vamwe vanyori veBhaibheri vakapupurira kuti vamwe vavo vakanyorawo Bhaibheri vainge vakafuridzirwa naMwari. Somuenzaniso, muapostora Petro akataura nezvetsamba dzaPauro uye akati idziwo dziri pakati pe“mamwe Magwaro ose.” (2 Petro 3:15, 16) Kana ari Pauro, aiziva kuti vaapostora nevamwe vaprofita vechiKristu vaiva vakafuridzirwa naMwari.—VaEfeso 3:5.

Saka mabhuku eEvhangeri anopupurira zvinogutsa kuti akavimbika uye akafuridzirwa naMwari. Haasi nganowo zvadzo. Mabhuku enhoroondo dzezvinhu zvakaitika kare dzakanyatsonyorwa zvakarurama nezvapupu zvakaona, akanyorwa nevarume vakafuridzirwa nomudzimu mutsvene waMwari.

Ndiani Akati Mabhuku Acho Akafuridzirwa?

Vamwe vanyori vakati zvokuzonzi mabhuku eMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akafuridzirwa zvakazotaurwa mazana emakore gare gare neimwe chechi yaiva nesimba zvarayirwa naMambo Constantine. Zvisinei, mashoko echokwadi anoratidza kuti handizvo.

Somuenzaniso, ona zvakataurwa nomumwe Purofesa weNhoroondo yeChechi (Professor of Church History) anonzi Oskar Skarsaun, anoti: “Mashoko aifanira kunyorwa muTestamende Itsva neaisafanira kunyorwa, haana kusarudzwa nedare rechechi ipi zvayo kana nomunhu upi noupi zvake . . . Zvavaishandisa pakusarudza zvainzwisisika uye munhu aigona kutaurawo mafungiro ake: Mabhuku akanyorwa muzana remakore rokutanga C.E. akanyorwa nevaapostora nevamwe vavaishanda navo aionekwa seakavimbika. Zvimwewo zvavakazonyora, zvakadai setsamba, kana kuti mamwe mabhuku anonzi e‘evhangeri’ akanga asingabatanidzwi apa . . . Mabhuku chaiwo eEvhangeri akanga atopedzwa kare nguva yaConstantine isati yasvika uye chechi yake yaida simba isati yavapo. Chechi yevakaurayirwa zvavaitenda, kwete yokuda simba, ndiyo yakatipa Testamende Itsva.”

Mumwewo purofesa anoongorora Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, anonzi Ken Berding anotaura mashoko anoratidza kuti magwaro iwayo akazosvika sei pakunzi akafuridzirwa: “Chechi haisi iyo yakasarudza mabhuku akafuridzirwa; zvakanyanya kukodzera kuti titi chechi yakabvuma mabhuku akanga agara achionekwa nevaKristu seane chiremera chinoratidza kuti aiva Shoko rinobva kuna Mwari.”

Zvisinei, vaingova vaKristu vaizvininipisa vomuzana remakore rokutanga vakasarudza mabhuku iwayo seakafuridzirwa here? Bhaibheri rinotiudza kuti paitova nechimwe chinhu chaikosha zvikuru—uye chaiva nesimba chaishanda.

Maererano neBhaibheri, chimwe chezvipo zvinoshamisa chakapiwa mumakore eungano yevaKristu vepakutanga chaiva che“ungwaru hwokutaura kwakafuridzirwa.” (1 VaKorinde 12:4, 10) Saka vamwe vaKristu ivavo vainge vakapiwa simba rinopfuura revanhu venyama rokukwanisa kusiyanisa mashoko akafuridzirwa naMwari zvechokwadi neakanga asina. Saka mazuva ano vaKristu vanogona kuvimba kuti Magwaro ari muBhaibheri aigamuchirwa seakafuridzirwa.

Saka zviri pachena kuti zvokusarudzwa kwemabhuku eBhaibheri seakafuridzirwa zvakatanga kare kare paainyorwa nokutungamirira kwomudzimu mutsvene. Zana remakore rechipiri C.E. rava kunopera, vamwe vanyori vakataura kuti mabhuku eBhaibheri akanga akafuridzirwa. Zvisinei, vanyori ava havasi ivo vakaita kuti afuridzirwe; vakangopupurira chete zvakanga zvatobvumwa naMwari achishandisa vamiririri vake vaitungamirirwa nomudzimu mutsvene.

Zvakanyorwa kare zvinopawo uchapupu hunogutsa hunotsigira chokwadi chokuti mabhuku eBhaibheri akafuridzirwa naMwari sezvinodavirwa nevanhu vakawanda mazuva ano. Kune mipumburu inopfuura 5 000 yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki yakanyorwa nechiGiriki chekare, mimwe yacho ndeye mumazana emakore echipiri neechitatu. Mipumburu iyi, kwete mabhuku eapokirifa, ndiyo yaizobvumwa kuti yakafuridzirwa mumazana okutanga emakore okumaC.E. uye yakakopwa ikaparadzirwa munyika dzakawanda.

Zvisinei, uchapupu huri mumabhuku eEvhangeri acho ndihwo uchapupu hunokosha kupfuura hwose hunoratidza kuti akafuridzirwa naMwari. Mabhuku akafuridzirwa naMwari anopindirana ne“mashoko anopa utano” atinowana muBhaibheri rose zvaro. (2 Timoti 1:13) Anokurudzira vanoaverenga kuti vade, vanamate, uye vashumire Jehovha, uye anonyevera vanhu kuti vasaita zvemashiripiti, zvemadhimoni, uye kunamata zvisikwa. Nhoroondo dzawo dzakarurama uye ane uprofita hwechokwadi. Uye anokurudzira vanoaverenga kuti vade vamwe vanhu. Mabhuku echiKristu echiGiriki ane mashoko iwayo anoasiyanisa nemamwe mabhuku. Izvi ndizvo zvinganzi ndizvowo zviri mumabhuku eapokirifa here?

Mabhuku eApokirifa Akasiyana Sei Neakafuridzirwa?

Mabhuku eapokirifa akasiyana chaizvo nemabhuku akafuridzirwa naMwari. Mabhuku aya eapokirifa akatangira pakati pezana remakore rechipiri, patova paya mabhuku akafuridzirwa naMwari atonyorwa. Anotaura nezvaJesu nechiKristu zvisingaenderani nemamwe Magwaro ose akafuridzirwa.

Somuenzaniso, Evhangeri yaTomasi yeapokirifa ine mashoko akawanda anotoshamisa anonzi akataurwa naJesu, akadai sokuti aizochinja Mariya kumuita murume kuitira kuti zviite kuti apinde muUmambo hwokudenga. Evhangeri Youcheche yaTomasi inorondedzera nezvaJesu achiri muduku semunhu womudzimu akaipa aigona kuuraya nemaune vamwe vana. Mabhuku eapokirifa eMabasa aPauro neMabasa aPetro anonyanya kusimbisa kusatomboita zvachose zvepabonde uye kunyange kutotaura nezvevaapostora sevaikurudzira vakadzi kuti vaparadzane nevarume vavo. Evhangeri yaJudhasi inotaura nezvaJesu seaiseka vadzidzi vake kuti vainyengetera kuna Mwari maererano nemamwe madyo. Pfungwa idzi dzakatosiyana nezviri mumabhuku akafuridzirwa naMwari.—Mako 14:22; 1 VaKorinde 7:3-5; VaGaratiya 3:28; VaHebheru 7:26.

Mabhuku akawanda eapokirifa anoratidza zvinotendwa nevaGnostic, vaiti Musiki, Jehovha, haasi Mwari akanaka. Vaidavirawo kuti kumuka hakusi chaiko, kuti zvinhu zvose zvinobatika zvakaipa, uye kuti Satani ndiye akatanga zvokuroorana uye zvokuberekana kwezvisikwa.

Mabhuku anoverengeka eapokirifa anotaura nezvevanhu vari muBhaibheri asi achishandisa nhema. Kuti pakarongwa kuti mabhuku aya asava muBhaibheri here? Imwe nyanzvi inoongorora mabhuku eapokirifa inonzi M. R. James, yakati: “Hapana mubvunzo kuti hapana munhu akaita kuti asava muTestamende Itsva: vakaanyora ndivo vakazviita voga.”

Vanyori veBhaibheri Vakanyevera Kuti Paizova Nevaizoramba Kutenda

Mumabhuku akafuridzirwa, tinowana mashoko akati wandei anonyevera nezvevakaramba kutenda vaizovapo nokukurumidza vaizokanganisa ungano yechiKristu. Kutaura zvazviri, kuramba kutenda uku kwakanga kwatotanga muzana remakore rokutanga, asi vaapostora vakaita kuti kusanyanya kupararira. (Mabasa 20:30; 2 VaTesaronika 2:3, 6, 7; 1 Timoti 4:1-3; 2 Petro 2:1; 1 Johani 2:18, 19; 4:1-3) Mashoko okunyevera aya anoita kuti tijekerwe nezvemabhuku akatanga kuvapo pashure pokufa kwevaapostora, mabhuku aipesana nezvaidzidziswa naJesu.

Ichokwadi kuti dzimwe nyanzvi nevanyori venhoroondo dzekare vangaona mabhuku iwayo angaita seekare uye seane uchenjeri. Asi chimbofunga izvi: Zvakadii kudai nhasi nyanzvi dzaizounganidza murwi wemabhuku ane mashoko akavimbika, zvichida akabva mumagazini anobudisa makuhwa uye mumabhuku ezvitendero zviduku zvinongonyuka, uye zvochengeta mapepa acho akapfigirwa mune imwe imba yakachengeteka. Kufamba kwenguva kungaita kuti mashoko iwayo azova echokwadi uye akavimbika here? Pashure pemakore 1 700, nhema idzodzo nemashoko asina musoro iwayo anenge ari mumapepa acho azova echokwadi pamusana chete pokuti mapepa acho ava ekare kare here?

Chokwadi hazviiti! Ndizvo zvakaitawo mashoko okuti Jesu akaroora Mariya Magadharini uye mamwe mashoko asina musoro ari mumabhuku eapokirifa. Nei uchifanira kuvimba nemabhuku asina kuvimbika, asi uchisiya akavimbika aripo? Mwari chaari kungoda chete ndechokuti tizive nezveMwanakomana wake tichishandisa Bhaibheri, riri bhuku ratinovimba naro.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Dhiagramu/Mifananidzo iri papeji 26]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

2 B.C.E. 33 C.E. 41 98 130 300

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Image Collection

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Muapostora Pauro akaita zvishamiso, akatomutsa vanhu, zvichipa uchapupu hune simba hwokuti mudzimu waMwari ndiwo waimutsigira uye hwakatsigirawo zvaakanyora