Muchinjikwa

Nei mabhuku eZvapupu zvaJehovha achiratidza Jesu akarovererwa padanda maoko ake ari pamusoro pemusoro wake kwete pamuchinjikwa unonyanya kuzivikanwa?

Shoko rechiGiriki rinoshandurwa kuti “muchinjikwa” mushanduro dzakawanda dzemaBhaibheri dzemazuva ano (“danda rokutambudzikira” muNW) ndistau·rosʹ. MuchiGiriki chekare, shoko iri raingoreva danda rakamira. Rakazoshandiswawo kureva danda rokuurayira vanhu raiva nerimwe raive rakachinjika. Rimwe duramanzwi rinonzi The Imperial Bible-Dictionary rinoti: “Shoko rechiGiriki rinoreva muchinjikwa, [stau·rosʹ], rainyatsoreva danda, danda rakamira, kana kuti bango, panogona kuturikwa chero chinhu, kana kuti rinogona kushandiswa pakukomberedza nzvimbo. . . . Kunyange kuvaRoma crux (pakabva shoko rokuti muchinjikwa) rinoita sokuti pakutanga raiva danda rakamira.”—Rakapepetwa naP. Fairbairn (London, 1874), Vol. I, peji 376.

Mwanakomana waMwari akaurayirwa padanda rakadai here? Sezvineiwo muBhaibheri mune shoko rokuti xyʹlon rinoreva danda rakashandiswa. Rimwe duramanzwi rinonzi, A Greek-English Lexicon, rakanyorwa naLiddell naScott, rinotsanangura izvi richiti: “Muti unenge watemwa kuti uzoshandiswa, huni, mapuranga, zvichingodaro . . . puranga, danda, bango . . . tsvimbo . . . danda rairovererwa vainge vapara mhosva . . . romuti munyoro.” Rinotiwo “muNT, nezvemuchinjikwa,” robva rataura mienzaniso yorugwaro rwaMabasa 5:30 uye Mab 10:39. (Oxford, 1968, mapeji 1191, 1192) Zvisinei, mundima idzodzo maBhaibheri anoti KJ, RS, JB, neDy anoshandura shoko rokuti xyʹlon achiti “muti.” (Ona kushandurwa kwakaitwa shoko iri pana VaGaratiya 3:13; Dheuteronomio 21:22, 23.)

Bhuku rinonzi The Non-Christian Cross, rakanyorwa naJ. D. Parsons (London, 1896), rinoti: “Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zveTestamende Itsva, muchiGiriki chepakutanga, hamuna kana chirevo chimwe chete zvacho chinoratidza uchapupu kunyange husina kunanga hunoratidza kuti stauros (danda) rakashandiswa pakarovererwa Jesu raiva rakasiyana nestauros yaizivikanwa; uye kana zvakadaro hazvingamboiti kuti raive muchinjikwa. . . . Zvinotovhiringidza zvikuru kuti vadzidzisi vedu vanoshandura stauros vachiti ‘muchinjikwa’ pavanenge vachishandurira Chechi zvinyorwa zvechiGiriki kuzviisa mururimi rwaamai, uye kutsigira izvozvo nokunyora mumaduramazwi edu kuti stauros zvinoreva ‘muchinjikwa’ pasina kunyatsotsanangura kuti handizvo zvainyatsoreva shoko racho panguva yevaApostora, uye pakapera nguva yakawanda risati rava kunzi ndizvo zvarinoreva, uye zvimwe pamusana pokushaya uchapupu hunonyatsotsanangura, zvakazonzi Jesu akaurayirwa padanda rakadaro.”—Mapeji 23, 24; onawo The Companion Bible (Thetford, England, 1974), Appendix No. 162.

Saka uchapupu hunoratidza kuti Jesu akafira padanda rakamira kwete pamuchinjikwa wagara uchishandiswa.

Muchinjikwa wechiKristudhomu wakatangira kupi?

“Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvakawanikwa zvakabva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose, zvinonzi zvakavapo chiKristu chisati chavapo, zvaiva zviine michinjikwa yaiva yakasiyana-siyana. India, Syria, Persia uye Egypt dzine mienzaniso isingaperi . . . Kushandiswa kwemuchinjikwa muchitendero chiKristu chisati chatanga uye nevanhu vasiri vaKristu kunogona kunzi kunoitwa munyika yose, uye kazhinji kwaibatanidzwa nekunamata zvinhu zvakasikwa.”—Encyclopædia Britannica (1946), Vol. 6, peji 753.

“Muchinjikwa [une matanda maviri] wakatanga kushandiswa nevaKadheya vekare, uye waishandiswa sechiratidzo chamwari ainzi Tamuzi (waiva wakaita sebhii rokutanga rezita rake rokuti Tau kana kuti T) munyika iyoyo uye mune dzimwe dzaiva pedyo kusanganisira Ijipiti. Zvingangove kuti nechepakati pezana remakore rechitatu A.D. machechi angave akanga asiya kana kuti achinja dzimwe dzidziso dzechitendero chechiKristu. Kuitira kuti akwidziridze dzidziso dzevakanga varamba kutenda, machechi aigamuchira vahedheni pane kunatsiridza dzidziso dzechitendero uye aibvumira zvikuru kuti vauye nezviratidzo zvavo zvechihedheni muchechi. Saka chiratidzo chaiwanzoshandiswa chaTau kana kuti T, danda riya rakachinjika radzikiswa zvishoma, ndicho chakazoshandiswa kumiririra muchinjikwa waKristu.”—An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words (London, 1962), W. E. Vine, peji 256.

“Zvinoshamisa, asi zviri pachena kuti makore akawanda Kristu asati azvarwa, uye munyika dzisina kuwana dzidziso yeChechi, kubvira panguva iyoyo, Muchinjikwa wave uchishandiswa sechiratidzo chitsvene. . . . Mwari ainzi Bacchus wevaGiriki, Tammuz wevaTire, Bhero wevaKadheya uye Odin wevaNorse, vose ava vaiva nezviratidzo zvemuchinjikwa zvaishandiswa nevaivanamata.”—The Cross in Ritual, Architecture, and Art (London, 1900), G. S. Tyack, peji 1.

“Muchinjikwa wainzi ‘Crux Ansata’ . . . waibatwa mumaoko nevapristi vekuIjipiti uye Mabhishopu aiva madzimambo vaiushandisa sechinhu chokuratidza simba ravo sevapristi vamwari weZuva uye wainzi ‘Chiratidzo choUpenyu.’”—The Worship of the Dead (London, 1904), Colonel J. Garnier, peji 226.

Michinjikwa yakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa kuIjipiti kwose kwose pazvifananidzo uye pamakuva, uye inonzi nevakawanda vane zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro zviratidzo zvenhengo yomurume yokubereka nayo kana kuti zvimwe zvepabonde. . . . Pamakuva okuIjipiti muchinjikwa une mubato pamusoro unowanikwa padivi pechiratidzo chenhengo yomurume.”—A Short History of Sex-Worship (London, 1940), H. Cutner, mapeji 16, 17; onawo The Non-Christian Cross, peji 183.

“Michinjikwa iyi yaishandiswa sezviratidzo zvamwari wezuva wevaBhabhironi, [Ona bhuku racho], uye zvinotanga kuonekwa pamari yesimbi yaJulius Cæsar, 100-44 B.C., uye pamari yesimbi yakadhindwa naAugustus, akagara nhaka Cæsar, muna 20 B.C. Pamari dzesimbi dzaConstantine chiratidzo chinonyanya kushandiswa ndi[Ona bhuku racho]; asi chiratidzo ichocho chinoshandiswa chisina denderedzwa, uye uri muchinjikwa wakamira mativi ose akaenzana uye ndicho chiratidzo chainyanya kunamatwa se‘Solar Wheel’ (Vhiri reZuva). Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti Constantine ainamata mwari wezuva, uye akanga asiri kuzopinda ‘muChechi’ kusvikira papera makore anenge 25 pashure pengano yokuti akanga aona muchinjikwa wakadaro kudenga.”—The Companion Bible, Appendix No. 162; onawo The Non-Christian Cross, mapeji 133-141.

Kunamata muchinjikwa itsika inotsigirwa neMagwaro here?

1 VaK. 10:14: “Vadiwa vangu, tizai kunamata zvidhori.” (Chidhori chiratidzo kana kuti chifananidzo chinonamatwa, kuremekedzwa kana kuzvipira kwachiri.)

Eks. 20:4, 5, BR: “Usazviitira mufananidzo wakavezwa, kunyange mufananidzo wechinhu chiri kudenga kumusoro kunyange wechinhu chiri panyika muvhu, kunyange mufananidzo wechinhu chiri mumvura pasi pemvura. Usapfugamira zvinhu izvozvi.” (Ona kuti Mwari akarayira kuti vanhu vake vasatombogadzira chifananidzo chaizonamatwa nevanhu.)

Pane mashoko atingada kufunga nezvawo anotaurwa neNew Catholic Encyclopedia, anoti: “Mufananidzo werufu rwaKristu rwokudzikinura paGorogota hauwaniki pazviratidzo zvaivezwa nevaKristu vomumazana emakore okutanga. VaKristu vepakutanga, zvavakanga vaverenga nezvokurambidzwa kwezvifananidzo zvakavezwa muTestamende Yekare, vakanga vasingadi kugadzira kana kudhirowa chinhu chairatidza Kutambura kwaShe.”—(1967), Vol. IV, peji 486.

NezvevaKristu vomuzana remakore rokutanga, bhuku rinonzi History of the Christian Church rinoti: “Muchinjikwa wakanga usingashandiswi uye hapana chinhu chakavezwa chaimiririra muchinjikwa.”—(New York, 1897), J. F. Hurst, Vol. I, peji 366.

Zvine basa here kana munhu akaremekedza muchinjikwa asi asingaunamati?

Waizonzwa sei kudai shamwari yako yepamwoyo ikaurayiwa yapomerwa nhema? Waizogadzira here chinhu chakafanana nechakashandiswa pakumuuraya? Waizochiremekedza here kana kuti waisazoda kuchiona?

MuIsraeri yekare, vaJudha vaiva vasina kutendeka vakachema mwari wenhema wavainamata ainzi Tamuzi paakanga afa. Jehovha akati zvavaiita ‘zvinhu zvaisemesa.’ (Ezek. 8:13, 14) Maererano nenhoroondo dzekare, Tamuzi aiva mwari wevaBhabhironi, uye muchinjikwa ndiwo waimumiririra. Kubva pakatanga rudzi rwevaBhabhironi mumazuva aNimrodhi, vaiita zvinhu zvaipesana naJehovha uye vaivenga kunamata kwechokwadi. (Gen. 10:8-10; Jer. 50:29) Saka kana munhu akaremekedza muchinjikwa, anenge achiremekedza chifananidzo chemanamatiro anopesana naMwari wechokwadi.

Sezvinotaurwa pana Ezekieri 8:17, vaJudha vakaramba kutenda ‘vaitambanudzira nhungirwa kumhino yaJehovha.’ Izvi ‘zvaimusemesa’ uye ‘zvaimugumbura.’ Nei? Sokutaura kunoita dzimwe nyanzvi, ‘nhungirwa’ iyi yaimiririra nhengo yomurume yokubereka nayo, uye yaishandiswa pakunamata zvepabonde. Saka Jehovha anofanira kuona sei kushandiswa kwemuchinjikwa, nokuti sezvataona, waishandiswa kare sechifananidzo chokunamata zvepabonde?