Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 15—Ezra

Munyori: Ezra

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Jerusarema

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 460 B.C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 537–munenge muna 467 B.C.E.

1. Uporofitai hwakapa chivimbo chokudzorerwa kweJerusarema?

MUGUMO wamakore 70 akaporofitwa okuva dongo kweJerusarema mukudzora kweBhabhironi wakanga uchiswedera pedyo. Chokwadi, Bhabhironi rakanga rine mukurumbira wokuti harina kutongosunungura nhapwa dzaro, asi shoko raJehovha raizobvumikisa kuva rakasimba zvikuru kupfuura simba reBhabhironi. Kusunungurwa kwavanhu vaJehovha kwakanga kwava pedyo. Tembere yaJehovha yakanga yakoromorwa yaizovakwazve, uye atari yaJehovha yaizogamuchirazve zvibayiro zveyananiso. Jerusarema raizozivazve kudanidzira nerumbidzo zvomunamati wechokwadi waJehovha. Jeremia akanga aporofita urefu hwokuva dongo, uye Isaya akanga aporofita kusunungurwa kwaizoitwa nhapwa. Isaya akanga atodudza Koreshi wePersia so‘mufudzi waJehovha,’ aizowisa Bhabhironi rinozvitutumadza panzvimbo yaro sesimba renyika rechitatu renhau yeBhaibheri.—Isa. 44:28; 45:1, 2; Jer. 25:12.

2. Bhabhironi rakawa rini uye mumamiriroi ezvinhu?

² Ngwavaira yakawira Bhabhironi pausiku hwaOctober 5, 539 B.C.E. (karenda yaGregory), sezvo mambo weBhabhironi Bhershazari namachinda ake vakanga vachinwira kukudza vamwari vavo madhemoni. Kuwedzera kukusazvidzora kwavo kwechihedheni, vakanga vachishandisa midziyo mitsvene yakabva mutembere yaJehovha semikombe yavo youdhakwa! Kwakakodzera sei kuti Koreshi akanga ari kunze kwamasvingo eBhabhironi usiku ihwohwo kuti azadzike uporofita hwacho!

3. Kuzivisai kwakaitwa naKoreshi kwakabvirisa kudzorera kunamatwa kwaJehovha makore 70 chaiwo pashure pokunge kuva dongo kweJerusarema kwavamba?

³ Uyu musi 539 B.C.E. musi unokosha, ndiko kuti, musi ungatsinhiraniswa nenhau dzose dziri mbiri yenyika neyeBhaibheri. Mukati megore rake rokutanga somutongi weBhabhironi, Koreshi “akaparidza paushe hwake hwose,” achibvumira vaJudha kuti vakwire Jerusarema kundovakazve imba yaJehovha. Ichi chirevo sezviri pachena chakabudiswa mukupera kwa538 B.C.E. kana kuti pakuvamba pa537 B.C.E.a Vakasarira vakatendeka vakadzokera kuJerusarema munguva yakafanira kundovaka atari ndokupa zvibayiro zvokutanga mu“mwedzi wechinomwe” (Tishri, unowirirana naSeptember-October) wegore ra537 B.C.E.—makore 70 kusvikira kumwedzi wapashure pokuva dongo kwaJudha neJerusarema kwakaitwa naNebhukadnezari.—Ezra 1:1-3; 3:1-6.

4. (a) Ndokupi kuri kurongwa kwebhuku raEzra, uye ndiani akarinyora? (b) Bhuku raEzra rakanyorwa rini, uye rinofukidza nhamboi?

⁴ Dzorerwo! Iyoyi inogovera kurongwa kwebhuku raEzra. Kushandiswa kwomunhu wokutanga murondedzero kubvira paganhuro 7 ndima 27 kusvikira kuganhuro 9 ndima 15 kunoratidza zvakajeka kuti munyori akanga ari Ezra. So“munyori wakangwara pamurayiro waMosesi” uye murume wokutenda kunoshanda uyo aka“shingaira nomwoyo wake wose kutsvaka murayiro waJehovha, nokuuita, nokudzidzisa”, Ezra akanga akasanokwaniriswa kunyora iyi nhoroondo, kunyange sezvo akanga anyora Makoronike. (Ezra 7:6, 10) Sezvo bhuku raEzra riri kupfuuridzirwa kwaMakoronike, kunowanzodavirwa kuti rakanyorwa panguva imwe cheteyo, munenge muna 460 B.C.E. Rinofukidza makore 70, kubvira panguva iyo vaJudha vakanga vari rudzi rwakaputsika, rwakaparadzirwa rwakaratidzirwa sa“vanakomana vorufu” kusvikira kukupedzwa kwetembere yechipiri nokucheneswa kwouprista pashure pokudzoka kwaEzra kuJerusarema.—Ezra 1:1; 7:7; 10:17; Pis. 102:20, NW, mashoko omuzasi.

5. Bhuku raEzra rine wiriranoi nebhuku raNehemia, uye iro rakanyorwa mumitauroi?

⁵ Zita rechiHebheru rokuti Ezra rinoreva “Betsero.” Bhuku raEzra neraNehemia pakuvamba akanga ari mupumburu mumwe wamanyoro. (Neh. 3:32, NW, mashoko omuzasi) Gare gare vaJudha vakakamura uyu mupumburu wamanyoro ndokuuidza kuti bhuku raEzra Rokutanga neRechipiri. MaBhaibheri azvino uno echiHebheru anoidza mabhuku maviri acho kuti Ezra uye Nehemia, sezvinoita mamwe maBhaibheri azvino uno. Rutivi rwebhuku raEzra (4:8 kusvikira ku6:18 uye 7:12-26) rwakanyorwa muchiAramaiki uye rutivi rwasara muchiHebheru, Ezra achiva nounyanzvi mumitauro yose iri miviri.

6. Chii chinopupurira ururami hwebhuku raEzra?

⁶ Nhasi ruzhinji rwavazivi rwunogamuchira ururami hwebhuku raEzra. Pamusoro pokuva mundaza yamanyoro matsvene kwebhuku raEzra, W. F. Albright anonyora mubhuku rake rinonzi The Bible After Twenty Years of Archaeology: “Mashoko ounyanzvi hwokuchera matongo nokudaro akaratidzira pamavambo chaiwoiwo paBhuku raJeremia neraEzekieri, raEzra neraNehemia pasina kupanikira; akasimbisa chimiro chamagamuchidzanwa chezviitiko, pamwe chete nenhevedzano yacho.”

7. Bhuku raEzra rinoratidzwa sei zvirokwazvo kuva rutivi rwechinyorwa choumwari?

⁷ Kunyange zvazvo bhuku raEzra ringasanokorwa mashoko kana kuti kunongedzerwa kwariri nenzira yakananga navanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, hapana kupanikira pamusoro penzvimbo yaro mundaza yamanyoro matsvene eBhaibheri. Rine chinyorwa chokubata kwaJehovha navaJudha kusvikira kunguva yokuunganidzwa kworudungwe rwamanyoro echiHebheru, riri basa rakaitwa zvikurukuru naEzra, maererano negamuchidzanwa rechiJudha. Uyezve, bhuku raEzra rinotsigira uporofita hwose pamusoro pokudzorerwa uye naizvozvo ndokubvumikisa kuti iro zvirokwazvo rutivi runokosha rwechinyorwa choumwari, icho rinotsinhiranawo nacho nenzira yakakwana. Mukuwedzera, rinokudza kunamata kwakachena uye rinotsvenesa zita guru raJehovha Mwari.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAEZRA

8. Rondedzera ndaza yezviitiko zvinotungamirira kumugumo wokuva dongo kwamakore 70.

⁸ Vakasarira vanodzoka (1:1–3:6). Mudzimu wake wamutswa naJehovha, Koreshi mambo wePersia anobudisa murayiro wokuti vaJudha vadzoke ndokuvaka imba yaJehovha muJerusarema. Anokurudzira vaJudha vaye vangave vakasara muBhabhironi kupa norusununguko kubasa racho uye anogadzirira vaJudha vanodzokera kuti vadzoke nemidziyo yetembere yapakuvamba. Uyo ari mutungamiriri anobva murudzi rwoumambo rwaJudha uye muzukuru waMambo Dhavhidhi, Zerubhabheri (Sheshibhazari), anogoverwa sagavhuna kuti atungamirire vakasunungurwa, uye Jeshua (Joshua) ndiye muprista mukuru. (Ezra 1:8; 5:2; Zek. 3:1) Vashumiri vaJehovha vakavimbika vanogona kusvika 42 360 vaisanganisira varume, vakadzi nevana, vakaita rwendo rwakareba rwekudzokera. Pakasvika mwedzi wechinomwe, maererano nekarenda yechiJudha, vagadzikana mumaguta avo, uye ipapo vanoungana paJerusarema kuti vape zvibayiro panzvimbo yeatari yetembere uye kuchengeta Mutambo Wamatumba mukupera kwa537 B.C.E. Nokudaro kuitwa dongo kwamakore 70 kunoguma chaizvoizvo panguva!b

9. Basa retembere rinovamba sei, asi chii chinoitika mumakore anotevera?

⁹ Kuvakazve tembere (3:7–6:22). Zvivakiso zvinounganidzwa, uye mugore rechipiri rokudzoka kwavo, nheyo yetembere yaJehovha inovanzarikwa pakati pokudanidzira kwomufaro uye pakati pokuchema kwavarume vakuru vakanga vaona imba yekare. Marudzi ari pedyo, vavengi, anokarakadza kubetsera kuvaka, achitaura kuti ari kutsvaka Mwari mumwe cheteyo, asi vakasarira vechiJudha vanoramba chose chose batano ipi neipi nawo. Vavengi vanopfuurira kuedza kunetesa uye kuodza mwoyo vaJudha uye kukangaidza basa ravo, kubvira pakutonga kwaKoreshi kusvikira kuno uko kwaDhariusi. Pakupedzisira, mumazuva a“Artashasta” (Bardiya kana kuti sezvinobvira muMagi anozivikanwa saGaumata, 522 B.C.E.), ivo vanoita kuti basa riregwe nesimba kupfurikidza nomurayiro woumambo. Uku kurambidza kunopfuurira “kusvikira pagore rechipiri rokubata ushe kwaDhariusi mambo wePersia” (520 B.C.E.), ayo anopfuura makore 15 pashure pokuvanzarikwa kwenheyo.—4:4-7, 24.

10. (a) Kurudziro inobva kuvaporofita vaMwari inobatana sei nomurayiro wamambo mukuita kuti basa ripedzwe? (b) Mufaroi unoratidzira kutsaurirwa kweiyi tembere yechipiri?

¹⁰ Jehovha zvino anotuma vaporofita vake Hagai naZekaria kundomutsa Zerubhabheri naJeshua, uye basa rokuvaka rinotangwa norushingairo rwakamutsidzirwa. Zvakare vavengi vanonyunyuta kuna mambo, asi basa rinopfuurira nesimba risina kuderedzwa. Dhariusi I (Hystaspis), pashure pokunongedzera kumurayiro wapakuvamba waKoreshi, anorayira kuti basa ripfuurire pasina dzongonyedzo uye anotorayira vashori kugovera zvivakiso kupfavisa kuvaka. Nekurudziro inopfuuridzirwa inobva kuvaporofita vaJehovha, vavaki vanopedza tembere muasingasviki makore mashanu. Imomu mumwedzi waAdar wegore rechitanhatu raDhariusi, kana kuti pedyo nechirimo cha515 B.C.E., uye kuvaka kwose kwakatora anenge makore 20 chete. (6:14, 15) Imba yaMwari zvino inotsaurirwa nomufaro mukuru uye nezvibayiro zvakakodzera. Ipapo vanhu vanochengeta Paseka uye vanopfuurira kuva no“mutambo wezvipapata zvisina kuviriswa mazuva manomwe nokufara.” (6:22, NW) Hungu, mufaro nokufara zvinoratidzira kutsaurirwa kweiyi tembere yechipiri kurumbidzwo yaJehovha.

11. Mambo anopa sei Ezra “mukumbiro wake wose,” uye ndokupi kuri kuita kwaEzra?

¹¹ Ezra anodzokera Jerusarema (7:1–8:36). Anenge makore 50 anopfuura, kuchitisvitsa kuna 468 B.C.E., gore rechinomwe ramambo wePersia Artashasta (anozivikanwa saLongimanus nemhaka yokuti ruoko rwake rworudyi rwakanga rwakareba kupfuura ruboshwe rwake). Mambo anopa munyori ano unyanzvi Ezra “mukumbiro wake wose” pamusoro porwendo rwokuJerusarema kundopa yamuro inodikanwa zvikuru ikoko. (7:6, NW) Mukumubvumira, mambo anokurudzira vaJudha kuenda naye uye anopa Ezra midziyo yesirivha nendarama kuti ishandiswe mutembere, pamwe chete nemigove yegorosi, waini, mafuta, uye munyu. Anohesvura vaprista navashandi vapatembere pamutero. Mambo anoita kuti Ezra ave nomutoro wokudzidzisa vanhu uye anozivisa kusava muchengeti womutemo waJehovha nomutemo wamambo kuva mhaka yorufu kumunhu upi noupi. Nokuonga kuna Jehovha nokuda kwouku kuratidzirwa kwomutsa wake worudo kupfurikidza namambo, Ezra anoita pakarepo basa racho.

12. Jehovha anobvumikisa sei kuva neboka raEzra mukati merwendo?

¹² Panguva ino Ezra anovamba nhoroondo yake yaakaona nameso, achinyora somunhu wokutanga. Anounganidza vaJudha vanodzoka parwizi rwaAhavha nokuda kwemirayiridzo yokupedzisira, uye anowedzera vamwe vaRevhi kuboka ravanenge vanhurume vakura vane 1 500 vatoungana. Ezra anoziva ngozi dzenzira inofanira kutorwa asi haakumbiri mambo kuperekedzwa, nokutyira kuti kungarangarirwa sokuratidza kushayiwa kutenda Jehovha. Panzvimbo pezvo, anozivisa kuzvinyima zvokudya ndokutungamirira musasa mukuita munyengetero kuna Mwari. Uyu mukumbiro unopindurwa, uye ruoko rwaJehovha runobvumikisa kuva pavari murwendo rwose rurefu. Nokudaro, vanokwanisa kusvitsa pfuma yavo (inokosha inopfuura $2 105 000 000 paukoshi hwazvino uno) zvakakotsekana kuimba yaJehovha muJerusarema.—8:26, 27, NW, uye mashoko omuzasi.

13. Ezra anoita sei mukubvisa kusachena pakati pavaJudha?

¹³ Kuchenesa uprista (9:1–10:44). Asi handi zvinhu zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka mukati mamakore 69 okugara munyika yakadzorerwa. Ezra anoziva nezvemigariro inokangaidza, mukuti vanhu, vaprista, uye vaRevhi vakaroorana navaKanani vechihedheni. Ezra akatendeka anokatyamadzwa. Anoisa nhau yacho pamberi paJehovha mumunyengetero. Vanhu vanobvuma chakaipa chavo ndokukumbira Ezra ku“va akasimba ndokuita chiito.” (10:4, NW) Anoita kuti vaJudha vadzinge vadzimai vokumwe avo vakatora mukusateerera mutemo waMwari, uye kusachena kunobviswa munhambo yeinenge mwedzi mitatu.—10:10-12, 16, 17.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

14. Bhuku raEzra rinoratidzei pamusoro pouporofita hwaJehovha?

¹⁴ Bhuku raEzra rinobetsera, pakutanga, mukuratidza ururami husingakanganisi uhwo uporofita hwaJehovha hunozadzikwa nahwo. Jeremia, uyo akanga afanotaura nomutoo wakarurama kwazvo kuva dongo kweJerusarema, akafanotaurawo kudzorerwa kwaro pashure pamakore 70. (Jer. 29:10) Panguva chaipo, Jehovha akaratidza mutsa wake worudo mukudzorerazve vanhu vake, vakasarira vakatendeka, muNyika Yakapikirwa kuti vapfuuridzire kunamata kwechokwadi.

15. (a) Tembere yakadzorerwa yakabatira sei chinangwa chaJehovha? (b) Iyo yakashayiwa mbiri yetembere yokutanga mumativii?

¹⁵ Tembere yakadzorerwa yakasimudzira kunamatwa kwaJehovha pakati pavanhu vake, uye yakamira sechipupuriro chokuti iye anokomborera nenzira inoshamisa uye nenzira yengoni avo vanotendeukira kwaari vaine chishuvo chokunamata kwechokwadi. Kunyange zvazvo yaishayiwa mbiri yetembere yaSoromoni, yakabatira chinangwa chayo mutsinhirano nokuda kwoumwari. Ukomba hwezvivakiso hwakanga husati huchipozve. Yakangawo yakaderera mupfuma yomudzimu, ichishayiwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, areka yesungano.c Uyewo kutsaurirwa kwetembere yaZerubhabheri kwakanga kusingaenzani nokutsaurirwa kwetembere muzuva raSoromoni. Zvibayiro zvemombe namakwai zvakanga zvisati zvichimbova chimwe muzana chezvibayiro zvapatembere yaSoromoni. Pakanga pasina mbiri yakafanana negore yakazadza imba yapashure, sezvayakanga yaita yekare, uyewo mwoto hauna kuburuka uchibva kuna Jehovha kuzopedza zvipiriso zvinopiswa. Tembere dzose dziri mbiri, zvisinei, dzakabatira chinangwa chinokosha chokusimudzira kunamatwa kwaJehovha, Mwari wechokwadi.

16. Asika ndiimwe temberei inopfuura tembere dzapasi nokuda kwembiri?

¹⁶ Tembere yakavakwa naZerubhabheri, tabhenakeri yakavakwa naMosesi, uye tembere dzakavakwa naSoromoni uye naHerodhe, pamwe chete namativi adzo, dzakanga dziri dzokufananidzira, kana kuti dzomufananidziro. Idzodzi dzaimirira “tende yechokwadi, iyo Jehovha akamisa, uye kwete munhu.” (VaH. 8:2, NW) Iyi tembere yomudzimu igadziriro yokusvika nayo Jehovha mukunamata pahwaro hwechibayiro chinoyananisira chaKristu. (VaH. 9:2-10, 23) Tembere huru yomudzimu yaJehovha yakaisvonaka mumbiri uye haienzaniswi murunako nokudikanwa; ukomba hwayo hahuperi uye hunopfuura uhwo hwechivako chipi nechipi chinooneka.

17. Zvifundoi zvinokosha zvinofanira kuwanwa mubhuku raEzra?

¹⁷ Bhuku raEzra rine zvifundo zviri zvoukoshi hukurusa nokuda kwavaKristu nhasi. Mariri tinorava nezvavanhu vaJehovha vachiita zvipiriso zvokudisa nokuda kwebasa rake. (Ezra 2:68; 2 VaK. 9:7) Tinokurudzirwa nokudzidza nezvegadziriro isingakundikani yaJehovha nokuda kwamagungano okurumbidzwa kwake nechikomborero chake paari. (Ezra 6:16, 22) Tinoona muenzaniso wakaisvonaka muvaNetinimi navamwe vokumwe vanodavira sezvavanokwira navakasarira kundopa tsigiro yomwoyo wose kukunamatwa kwaJehovha. (2:43, 55) Rangarirawo rupfidzo rwokuzvininipisa rwavanhu apo vakapiwa zano nezvenzira yavo yakaipa mukuroorana navavakidzani vechihedheni. (10:2-4) Songaniro dzakashata dzakatungamirira kukusatendera kwaMwari. (9:14, 15) Rushingairo rwokufarira basa rake rwakaunza tendero yake nechikomborero.—6:14, 21, 22.

18. Neiko kudzorerwa kwavanhu vaJehovha kwakanga kuri nhano inokosha inotungamirira kukuoneka kwaMesiya, Mambo?

¹⁸ Kunyange zvazvo mambo akanga asati achagarazve pachigaro choumambo chaJehovha paJerusarema, kudzorerwa kwakamutsa kariro yokuti Jehovha munguva yakafanira aizomutsa Mambo wake akapikirwa mumutsara waDhavhidhi. Rudzi rwakadzorerwa zvino rwakanga rwokwanisa kuchengeta zvirevo zvitsvene uye kunamatwa kwaMwari kutozosvikira nguva yokuoneka kwaMesiya. Kudai ava vakasarira vakanga vasina kuita chiito mukutenda mukudzokera kunyika yavo, Mesiya angadai akauya kuna vanaani? Zvirokwazvo, zviitiko zviri mubhuku raEzra rutivi runokosha rwenhau inotungamirira kukuoneka kwaMesiya naMambo! Rinobetsera zvikurusa nokuda kwefundo yedu nhasi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]