Mibvunzo Inobva Kuvaravi
◼ Pana VaRoma 8:27, New World Translation inoshandura phroʹne·ma wechiGiriki se“revo,” asi VaR 8 mundima 6 ne 7, kushandura kwacho ndi“kufunga.” Neiko shoko rimwe chetero rechiGiriki richishandurwa zvakasiana?
Mashoko akapoteredza anorumbidza kushandura kuviri kwakasarudzwa.
Sumo yeNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures (1950) yakati: “Kushoko guru rimwe nerimwe takagovera revo imwe uye takabatirira kurevo iyoyo sezvakabvumira mashoko akapoteredza.” Vamwe vangasarangarira phroʹne·ma kuva shoko guru, sezvo richioneka kana bedzi. Iro, kunyanguvezvo, rine ukama namashoko anoshandiswa kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru. Rimwe ndiphro·neʹo, rinoreva “kufunga, kufunga nenzira yakati.” (Mateo 16:23; Marko 8:33; Romans VaR 8:5; 12:3; 15:5) Mamwe mashoko echiGiriki anowirirana anopa pfungwa yokushandisa uchenjeri hunoshanda, pfungwa, kana kuti nzwisiso.—Ruka 1:17; 12:42; 16:8; VaRoma 11:25; VaEfeso 1:8.
The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures inoratidza kuti phroʹne·ma anowanika kana pana VaRoma 8:6, 7, 27 uye kuti revo yake chaiyoyo nguva dzose ndi“kufunga.” Nyanzvi dzechiGiriki Bauer, Arndt, uye Gingrich dzinotsanangura phroʹne·ma se: ‘nzira yokufunga, ndangariro (yakagadzwa), donzo, vavariro, kuvavarira.’—A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature.
Muna VaRoma ganhuro 8, muapostora Pauro akapa zano maKristu kusafamba mukuwirirana nenyama yavanhu isina kukwana. Kubudirira muna ikoku, anofanira kudzivisa kombamiro kana kuti sundo dzenyama, pamwe chete nemirangariro yomwoyo isina kukwana. ‘Kuisa ndangariro dzavo’ pazvinhu zviri mutsinhirano nomudzimu mutsvene waMwari kuchabetsera muna ikoku.—VaRoma 8:1-5.
Pauro akapa uyu musiano: “Kufunga kwenyama kunoreva rufu, asi kufunga kwomudzimu kunoreva upenyu norugare; nemhaka yokuti kufunga kwenyama kunoreva ruvengo naMwari, nokuti hakuzviisi pasi pomutemo waMwari.” (VaRoma 8:6, 7, NW) Vanhu ndivo vanotaurwa nezvavo muidzi ndima mbiri. Vanhu, zvikurukuru maKristu, havafaniri kuisa ndangariro dzavo, kana kuti “kufunga,” pazvinhu zvenyama yakawa. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanofanira kuisa ndangariro dzavo, kana kuti “kufunga,” pazvinhu zviri mutsinhirano nezvinosundwa nomudzimu.
Mukupesana, VaR 8 ndima 27 iri kubata naMwari amene. Tinorava, kuti: “Bva iye [Jehovha] anonzvera mwoyo anoziva iri revo yomudzimu, nemhaka yokuti unoteterera mutsinhirano naMwari nokuda kwavatsvene.” Hungu, “iye” pano ndiJehovha, Munzwi womunyengetero.
Shoko rokuti phroʹne·ma raigona kuva rakashandurwa VaR 8 mundima 27 sa“kufunga.” Asi mudzimu mutsvene hausati uri munhu anofunga zvomenemene kana kuti une kufunga kwawo umene. Mudzimu isimba rinoshanda raMwari, uyo anoziva kushanda kwomudzimu mutsvene mukuita kuda kwake. Uyezve, revo yeiyi ndima inosiana neiyo yaVaRoma 8:6, 7. Ndima idzodzo dzapakuvamba dzakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokuti vamwe vadzore kufunga kwavo nezviito. Asi Jehovha haafaniri kushanda, kana kuti kuparapatika, kuti azvidzore amene. Iye anoziva chakanyorwa muBhaibheri mufuridziro, zvakadai sokutaura kweBhaibheri kunoratidzira kuda kwake nokuda kwavabatiri vake vapasi. Dr. Heinrich Meyer anotsinhira pana VaRoma 8:27, kuti: “Mwari muchinoitika chiri chose aizoziva donzo roMudzimu.”
Nokudaro, “revo” yokushandura iri mutsinhirano namashoko akapoteredza kana kuti revo yaVaRoma 8:27, uye kunobvumirwa nechiGiriki. The Translator’s New Testament inorishandura, kuti: “Iye uyo anonzvera mwoyo anoziva chinoreva Mudzimu.”
▪ Neiko New World Translation padzimwe nguva ichishandura shoko rechiGiriki pi·steuʹo sa“kutenda” (kufanana neshanduro zhinjisa) uye padzimwe nguva so“kushandisa [kana kuisa] kutenda mu”?
Ikoku kunoitwa kuratidzira zvimiro zvakasiana-siana zverevo dzinoratidzirwa neshoko rechiGiriki pi·steuʹo.
Somuenzaniso, A Grammar of New Testament Greek, rakanyorwa naJames Moulton, rinotaura kuti maKristu apakuvamba aiziva zvakajeka “ukoshi hwomusiano pakati pechitenderowo zvacho . . . nechivimbo chomunhu oga.” Mifungo yose iyoyi iri miviri inogona kuratidzirwa tichishandisa shoko rechiGiriki pi·steuʹo.
Kazhinji kazhinji, zvimiro zvakasiana-siana zverevo zvapi·steuʹo zvinofanira kunzwisiswa mumashoko akapoteredza. Padzimwe nguva, kunyanguvezvo, kuvakwa kwegirama kwakasiana-siana kunotibetsera kuona icho munyori airangarira. Somuenzaniso, kana pi·steuʹo achiteverwa zvake nezita mudative case, New World Translation inowanzomushandura so“kutenda” chete—kutoti mashoko akapoteredza achiratidzira chimwe chinhu chakasiana. (Mateo 21:25, 32; asi ona VaRoma 4:3.) Kana pi·steuʹo achiteverwa neshoko rokuti epiʹ, “pa,” anowanzoshandurwa kuti “kutenda pana.” (Mateo 27:42; Mabasa 16:31, NW) Kana achiteverwa naeis, “ku,” anowanzoshandurwa kuti “kushandisa kutenda muna.”—Johane 12:36; 14:1, NW.
Uku kushandura kwapashure (uko kunotiyeuchidza kuti pi·steuʹo anowirirana neshoko rechiGiriki piʹstis, “kutenda”) kuri mutsinhirano netsinhiro iri muAn Introductory Grammar of New Testament Greek, rakanyorwa naPaul Kaufman. Iri bhuku rinoti: “Kumwe kuvaka kunozivikanwa navose muTestamende Itsva (zvikurukuru muEvhangeri yaJohane) ndiπιστεύω [pi·steuʹo] naεἰς [eis] neaccusative case . . . Kuvakwa kwose kwaεἰς kubatanidza accusative zvinofanira kushandurwa panzvimbo pokuedza kushandura preposition εἰς seshoko riri roga. Kutenda kunofungwa nezvako somubato, sechimwe chinhu vanhu vanoita, ndiko kuti, kuisa kutenda mumumwe munhu.”