Mipumburu Yamanyoro yeGungwa Rakafa—Chiwanwa Chinokosha

Anenge makiromita 24 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweJerusarema, Wadi En-Nar, gova, risina mvura rinomhanya nechokumabvazuva richidzika kuGungwa Rakafa. Mutsara wakadimbuka wamawere unotambanuka seri kwebani remhenderekedzo yegungwa. Pairi bani, mumazuva anopisa nousiku hunotonhora hunosiana hwomunakamwe, vaBedouin veTa‘amireh vanofudza mapoka avo amakwai nembudzi.

Mugore ra 1947, achifudza mapoka ake, mufudzi muduku weBedouin akakandira ibwe mumwena muduku pamusoro panokoromoka pamawere. Iye akakatyamadzwa noruzha urwo kwakaparira, sezviri pachena kupfurikidza nokupwanya chirongo. Iye akatiza murutyo, asi mazuva maviri gare gare akadzokera ndokukwira mamita 100 kuti apinde napamwena mukuru zvikuru, wakakwirira zvikuru. Sezvo meso ake akarovedza rima, akaona zvirongo zvirefu gumi zviri pamadziro ebako, uye muunganidzwa wezvaenga pakati pamabwe akadonha akazadza uriri.

Zvizhinjisa zvezvirongo zvacho zvakanga zvisina chinhu, asi chimwe chaiva nemipumburu yamanyoro mitatu, miviri yayo yakanga yakafukidzwa nejira. Iye akadzokera namanyoro acho kumusasa wavaBedouin ndokuasiya aripo kwounenge mwedzi, akarembera muhomwe pabango retende. Pakupedzisira, vaBedouin vakaendesa mipumburu yamanyoro kuBhetrehema kuti vaone kuti ndizvakawanda sei zvavaizowana. VaBeduoin vakadzingwa zvisina kunaka pachivako chimwe chamamonk, vachiudzwa kuti mipumburu yamanyoro yakanga isitongori youkoshi hupi nohupi. Mumwe mutengi akataura kuti manyoro acho akanga asina ukoshi hwavacheri vamatongo, uye iye akafungidzira kuti akanga abiwa musinagoge rechiJudha. Akanga asina kururama sei! Pakupedzisira, nomusoni weshangu weSiria aishanda somutengi nomutengesi, ukoshi hwawo hwakasimbiswa nenzira yakarurama. Nokukurumidza, mamwe manyoro akakosheswa.

Mamwe eaya manyoro akare akazarura nzwisiso itsva mumubato wamapoka orudzidziso echiJudha munenge munguva yaKristu. Asi akanga ari manyoro eBhaibheri ouporofita hwaIsaya ayo akanyandura nyika. Neiko?

Mubairo Mukuru

Mupumburu wamanyoro uchangobva kuwanwa waIsaya pakuvamba wakanga wakareba anenge mamita 7,5. Wakanga wakaumbwa nezvidimbu zvamakanda emhuka 17 akagadzirwa nokungwarira, akadokunatswa samakanda emhuka okunyorera. Wakaumbwa muzvikamu 54 zvinoita avhareji yemitsetse 30 chimwe nechimwe, wakanga wakatwasudzwa nokungwarira. Paiyi mitsetse munyori ane unyanzvi akanga aisa mabhii orugwaro, akanyorwa mundima.—Ona pikicha.

Mupumburu wamanyoro wakanga usina kumonerwa pamiti, uye wakanga wakasviba zvikuru pakati apo maoko akawanda akanga aubata nokuda kwokurava. Wakanga wakasakara zvikuru, nokugadzira kwounyanzvi nokusimbisa zvaioneka. Kuchengetwa kwawo kwakaisvonaka kwakanga kuri nemhaka yokuva kwawo wakasanonamirwa muchirongo. Unokosha sei kunyanzvi yeBhaibheri, uye, nokutambanudza, kwatiri tose?

Aya manyoro omuporofita Isaya ndeekare zvikuru namakore ane chiuru chimwe kupfuura imwe kopi ipi neipi iripo, bva zviri mukati mawo hazvina kusiana zvikuru. Purofesa Millar Burrows, mupepeti worugwaro rwakabudiswa muna 1950, akati: “Rugwaro rwaIsaya muaya manyoro, nemisiano inokosha mukuperetera negirama nokurava kwakasiana kwakawanda kwefariro huru kana kuti duku noukoshi, zvikurukuru ndokuya kunopiwa gare gare zvikuru muMT [Masoretic Hebrew Text].”a Kunokoshawo kushandisa kwaro nguva dzose Tetragrammaton, יהוה, zita dzvene raMwari, Jehovha, muchiHebheru.

Mamwe Manyoro Anokosha

Zita roumwari rinoonekawo mumamwe manyoro akabva mubako rimwe cheteri, zvino rinozivikanwa seCave 1. Mutsinhiro pabhuku raHabhakuki, Tetragrammaton inooneka kana mumabhii echiHebheru chekare, mutoo wekare zvikuru uyo unosiana nokunyora mabhii akaenzana kumativi mana kwechiHebheru kwakarovedzeka zvikuru.—Ona mashoko omuzasi kuna Habhakuki 1:9, Reference Bible.

Bako racho rakabudisa zvikamu zvomumwe mupumburu waIsaya, pamwe chete nezvisaririra zveganda zvomubhuku reBhaibheri raDhanieri. Chimwe chaizvoizvo chakachengeta chinjo kubva kuchiHebheru kuenda kuchiAramaiki pana Dhanieri 2:4, sezvakawanwa mumanyoro amakore ane chiuru chimwe gare gare.

Mativi maduku emipumburu yamanyoro iyo yakasanochengetwa zvino anoratidzirwa muJerusarema, mumiziyemu inozivikanwa seShrine of the Book. Iyi miziyemu iri pasi pevhu, naizvozvo sezvo unoshanyira ikoko, une murangariro wokupinda mubako. Rutivi rwapamusoro rwemiziyemu rwuri muchimiro chechikwidibiro chechirongo umo Mupumburu Wamanyoro weGungwa Rakafa waIsaya wakawanwa. Bva, unoona bedzi kopi chaiyoiyo yamanyoro aIsaya. Apakuvamba anokosha ari zvakakotsekana mukamuri rokuchengetera riri pedyo.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

Courtesy of The British Museum

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]

Israel Antiquities Authority; The Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum; D. Samuel and Jeanne H. Gottesman Center for Biblical Manuscripts