Hondo Yokurwisana Nechirwere Norufu—Iri Kukundwa Here?
HAKUCHISINAZVE chirwere, hakuchisinazve rufu! Kuvanhu vazhinjisa ikoku kunganzwika sokunoti pfuurei kufunga kwokushuva. Pashure pokurangarira zvose, chiremba wezvokurapa napurofesa wezvokudzidzwa kwoutachiona Wade W. Oliver akanyora, kuti: “Chifo chenhau yakanyorwa pakuvamba zvikurusa, hosha yakaumba kasingaverengeki mugumo worudzi rwomunhu . . . Mirakatira mikuru yakadenha munhu nokumhanya kunotyisa . . . Kurwara kwakaronda tsoka dzake nokusingaperi.”
Pane chikonzero chipi nechipi here chokudavira kuti chinjo huru yava pedyo? Sayenzi yezvokurapa yava pedyo nokubvisa zvirwere zvose uye zvichida kunyange rufu rumene here?
Nenzira isingapanikirwi, vanachiremba navanzveri vakaita basa rinoshamisa mukurwa nehosha. Munhu anoziva akadini anogona kukundikana kuonga kurapwa kunobudirira kwekorera, kwakaitwa pakupedzisira kukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, kana kuti kugadzirwa kwomushonga wokudzivirira nhomba inotyisa? Mushonga wokudzivirira iwoyo wakagadzirwa muna 1796 naEdward Jenner neronda rinouraisa zvishomanene rehosha yemhou. Muna 1806, purezidhendi weUnited States Thomas Jefferson akaratidzira mirangariro yavamwe vazhinji paakanyorera Jenner, kuti: “Kwenyu kurangarirwa kwakanaka uko rudzi rwomunhu rusingagoni kutongokanganwa kuti makararama; marudzi omunguva yemberi achaziva kupfurikidza nenhau bedzi kuti nhomba inonyangadza yaivako.”
Uyezve, kubudirira kwenzverwo yokurapa pamusoro pehosha dzakadai sediphtheria nepoliomyelitis kunofanirawo kududzwa nenzira yakanaka uye nokuonga. Uye vanhu vashomanene nhasi vanongofanira bedzi kurumbidza fambiro mberi yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru mukurapwa kwehosha yomwoyo negomarara. Kunyanguvezvo, vanhu vachiri kufa nehosha yomwoyo negomarara. Nharidzano yokubvisa hosha yose nechirwere yakabvumikisa kuva isingasvikiki zvikuru.
Hosha “Itsva”
Nenzira yechienzi, nhambo yanhasi iyo yakaona kusvika kwokuongorora kweCAT nokuvhiya umo mativi omiviri anogadzirwazve yakaonawo kutanga kuonekwa kwehosha “itsva”, dzakadai sehosha yeLegionnaires, toxic shock syndrome, uye muurayi anoziviswa zvikuru anonzi AIDS.
Sezvinobvumwa, vazhinji vanobvunza kuti hosha idzodzi itsva sei chaizvo. Nyaya iri muU.S.News & World Report inotsinhira kuti, muzvinoitika zvakati, hosha dzave dziriko kwenguva refu dzakangonzverwa hadzo zvakarurama zvikuru ndokupiwa mazita matsva. Hosha yeLegionnaires, somuenzaniso, yakatanga kuzivikanwa muna 1976, asi ingave yakanzverwa zvisina kururama kare samabayo anoparirwa noutachiona. Nenzira yakafanana, toxic shock syndrome ingave yakarangarirwa zvisina kururama kare sescarlet fever.
Kunyanguvezvo, hosha dzinoverengeka dzinoratidzika kuva itsva nenzira isingapanikirwi. Pasina panikiro AIDS ndiyo inozivikanwa zvikurusa yaidzodzi. Iyi hosha inokuvadza neinouraya yakatanga kuzivikanwa ndokupiwa zita muna 1981. Imwe hosha “itsva” inozivikanwa zvishomanene ipurpuric fever yeBrazil. Iyo yakazivikanwa muBrazil muna 1984 uye ine mwero wokuuraya unofungidzirwa kuva 50 muzana.
Hakuna Mushonga Unooneka
Naizvozvo, pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzakanakisisa dzomunhu, mushonga wakazara nowechigarire wezvirwere zvavanhu hauoneki munzvimbo ipi neipi. Ndokwechokwadi kuti avhareji yenduramo yavanhu yawedzera neanenge makore 25 chifo chegore ra 1900. Asi chinjo iyoyi yave iri zvikurukuru nemhaka younyanzvi hwezvokurapa hwakaderedza ngozi yokufa mukati moucheche kana kuti uduku. Nduramo yomunhu zvikurukuru inoramba iri pedyo na“makore ane makumi matanhatu negumi” eBhaibheri.—Pisarema 90:10, King James Version.
Nokudaro kwakava nhau apo Anna Williams akafa muna December 1987 pazera ramakore 114. Achitsinhira pamusoro porufu rwaMuzvare Williams, munyori wenhau akanyora, kuti: “Masayendisiti anofunga kuti makore 115 kusvikira ku 120 zvimwe iganhuriro yapamusoro zvikuru yenduramo yomunhu. Asi neiko kuchifanira kudaro? Neiko muviri womunhu uchifanira kuneta pashure pamakore 70, 80, kana kuti kunyange 115?”
Muma 1960, masayendisiti ezvokurapa akawana kuti masero avanhu anoratidzika kuva ane simba rokukamuka kanenge ka 50 bedzi. Kana ganhuriro iyoyi yangosvikwa, kunoratidzika kuti hapana chinhu chinogona kuitwa kuchengeta masero ari mapenyu. Ikoku kunokombamira kupokanidza rondedzero yapakuvamba zvikuru yesayenzi yokuti masero avanhu angagona kurarama kusvikira kunguva isingazivikanwi kana akapiwa migariro yakakodzera.
Batanidza ikoko nokuziva kuti kutambura kukuru kwavanhu kunoitwa nomunhu. Mumwe munzveri akagumisa nenzira ine mufungo, kuti: “Hosha hadzina kukundwa kupfurikidza nokurapa kwoga. Nhau yehosha yakasanobatanidzwa nezvinhu zvenzanga netsika.”
Sangano Renyika Rezvoutano rakati: “Takaparira maronda patiri timene, mukudavira kuti sayenzi, vanachiremba nezvipatara vaizowana mushonga, panzvimbo pokudzivirira zvisakiso zvimene zvokurwara pakutanga. Chokwadika hapana chatinogona kuita tisina zvokushandisa mukurapa izvo zvinoponesa chaizvoizvo upenyu, asi ngatijekese kuti hazviwedzeri ku‘utano’ hwedu—zvinotiregedzesa kufa. . . . Sundo yokuzviparadza yomusvuti nomunwi, tapuro pandangariro nomuviri dzokushaikwa kwebasa—idzodzi ndedzimwe dze‘hosha itsva.’ Neiko tichibvumira ‘murakatira wetsaona yomumugwagwa,’ uyo unoba upenyu uye unopedza pfuma yedu?”
Hosha, chirwere, kutambura, uye rufu nokudaro zvichinesu zvikuru kwazvo. Kunyanguvezvo, tine chikonzero chokutarira mberi nechivimbo kunguva apo kusati kuchizovazve nechirwere uye kusati kuchizovazve norufu. Zvikurukuru, kune chikonzero chiri chose chokudavira kuti nguva iyoyo yaswedera pedyo.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 4]
“HOSHA DZEEGIPITA”
Kuti vanhu vakarwisa chirwere pasina maturo kubvira munguva dzapakuvamba kwakanyorwa kunyange muBhaibheri. Mosesi, somuenzaniso, akaita nongedzero inofadza ku“hosha dzose dzakaipa dzeEgipita.”—Dheuteronomio 7:15, NW.
Sezvinooneka idzodzi dzaibatanidza hosha yokuzvimba makumbo, manyoka, nhomba, mutochera, uye hosha yokuzvimba maziso. Vanhu vaMosesi vakanzvenga zvirwere zvakadaro zvikurukuru nemhaka yemiitiro youtsanana yakabudirira yakaiswa pavari nesungano yoMutemo.
Kunzverwa kwokungwarira kwezvitunha zvakaomeswa zveEgipita, zvisinei, kwakaguma nokuzivikanwa kwedzimwe “hosha dzeEgipita” dzakawanda. Idzodzi dzaibatanidza arthritis, spondylitis, hosha dzamazino neshaya, appendicitis, uye gout. Manyoro enyika ezvokurapa apakuvamba, aizivikanwa seEbers Papyrus, anotodudza hosha dzakadai semamota, zvirwere zvomudumbu nechiropa, hosha yeshuga, maperembudzi, chirwere chamaziso, uye kusanzwa.
Varapi vakare veEgipita vakaita unani hwavo kuti vakurire zvirwere izvozvi, vamwe vachiva vane unyanzvi chaizvo mukurapa kwavo. Wezvenhau wechiGiriki Herodotus akanyora, kuti: “Nyika yacho [Egipita] yakazara navarapi; mumwe anorapa hosha dzamaziso bedzi; mumwe dziya dzomusoro, mazino, mudumbu, kana kuti mitezo yomukati.” Zvisinei, muzhinji wo“mushonga” weEgipita wakanga uri chaizvoizvo kunyepedzera kurapa kworudzidziso uye kuri kure nokuva kwesayenzi.
Varapi vazvino uno vakafarikanya budiriro huru zvikuru kwazvo muhondo yavo yokurwisana nehosha. Zvisinei, munzveri wezvokurapa Jessie Dobson akaita iyi mhedziso inonyandura mufungo: “Chii, ipapoka, chinogona kudzidzwa mukufundwa kwezvirwere zvomumazera apfuura? Mhedziso yavose yakabva mukunzverwa kwoufakazi inoratidzika kuva yokuti hosha nezvirwere zvekare kare hazvisiani zvikuru neizvo zvazvino . . . Sezvinooneka unyanzvi hwose nenhamburiko zvokunzvera varwere zvakaita zvishomanene kuti zvibvise hosha.—Disease in Ancient Man.