Chechi Yapakuvamba Yakadzidzisa Kuti Mwari Utatu Here?

Rutivi 1—Jesu Navadzidzi Vake Vakadzidzisa Dzidziso yoUtatu Here?

Jesu navadzidzi vake vakadzidzisa dzidziso yoUtatu here? Vatungamiriri vechechi vamazana amakore anoverengeka akatevera vakahudzidzisa here? Yakavamba sei? Uye neiko kuchikosha kuziva zvokwadi pamusoro peichi chitendero? Kuvamba noRutivi 1 muchinyorwa chino, Nharireyomurindi ichakurukura iyi mibvunzo munhevedzano yenyaya. Dzimwe nyaya dziri munhevedzano dzichaoneka panhambo nenhambo muzvinyorwa zvapashure.

AVO vanogamuchira Bhaibheri seShoko raMwari vanoziva kuti vane mutoro wokudzidzisa vamwe pamusoro poMusiki. Ivo vanozivawo kuti zvinhu zvavanodzidzisa pamusoro paMwari zvinofanira kuva zvechokwadi.

Mwari akatsiura “vanyaradzi” vaJobho nokuda kwokusaita izvozvo. “Jehovha akati kuna Erifazi muTemani: ‘Ndakutsamwira kwazvo iwe neshamwari dzako mbiri, nokuti imi hamuna kutaura zvakarurama pamusoro pangu, sezvakaita muranda wangu Jobho.’”—Jobho 42:7.

Muapostora Pauro, pakukurukura rumuko, akataura kuti taizo“wanikwa tiri zvapupu zvaMwari zvenhema” kana taizodzidzisa chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemibato yaMwari icho chakanga chisiri chechokwadi. (1 VaKorinte 15:15) Ikoku zvakwakadaro nedzidziso yorumuko, tinofanira kuva vanongwarira sei apo tinosvika dzidziso yedu pamusoro pokuti Mwari ndiani!

Dzidziso yoUtatu

Anodokuva machechi ose echiKristudhomu anodzidzisa kuti Mwari Utatu. The Catholic Encyclopedia inodana dzidziso yoUtatu kuti “dzidziso huru yorudzidziso rwechiKristu,” ichihurondedzera neiyi nzira:

“Mumubatanidzwa woUmwari mune Vanhu Vatatu, Baba, Mwanakomana, uye Mudzimu Mutsvene, ava Vanhu Vatatu vachiva vakaparadzana zvirokwazvo nomumwe nomumwe. Nokudaro, mumashoko eChitendero chaAthanasius: ‘Baba ndiMwari, Mwanakomana ndiMwari, uye Mudzimu Mutsvene ndiMwari, asi hakuna vaMwari vatatu asi Mwari mumwe.’ . . . Vanhu vacho havagumi uye vakaenzana: vose zvakafanana havana kusikwa uye ndavamasimba ose.”¹

The Baptist Encyclopædia inopa rondedzero yakafanana. Iyo inoti:

“[Jesu] ndiye . . . Jehovha asingagumi . . . Mudzimu Mutsvene ndiJehovha . . . Mwanakomana noMudzimu vanoiswa pauenzani chaihwoihwo naBaba. Kana iye ari Jehovha ndozvavakaitawo.”²

Kutuka Kunoziviswa Pavashori

Muna 325 N.V., dare ramabhishopi muNicea muAsia Minor rakaumba chitendero icho chakazivisa Mwanakomana waMwari kuva “Mwari wechokwadi” kungofanana naBaba vakanga vari “Mwari wechokwadi.” Rutivi rwechitendero ichocho rwakati:

“Asi kana vari avo vanoti, Kwaiva ne[nguva] apo [Mwanakomana] akanga asipo, uye, Asati aberekwa Iye akanga asipo, uye kuti Iye akavapo asingabvi muchinhu, kana kuti avo vanotaura kuti Mwanakomana waMwari ndowomusikirwo kana kuti zvinhu zvakasiana, kana kuti akasikwa, kana kuti anogona kushanduka kana kuti kuchinja—Chechi yeKaturike inotuka ivava.”³

Nokudaro, munhu upi noupi aidavira kuti Mwanakomana waMwari akanga asingagumi naBaba kana kuti Mwanakomana akasikwa aiendeswa kushurikidzo isingaperi. Munhu anogona kufungidzira dzvinyiriro yokuwirirana iyo ikoku kwakaisa pavatendiwo zvavo.

Mugore ra 381 N.V., rimwe dare rakasangana muConstantinople ndokuzivisa kuti mudzimu mutsvene unofanira kunamatwa ndokurumbidzwa sezvaingoitwa Baba noMwanakomana. Gore rimwe gare gare, muna 382 N.V., mumwe musangano wakasanganwa muConstantinople ndokusimbisa umwari hwakazara hwomudzimu mutsvene.⁴ Gore rimwe chetero, pamberi pedare muRoma, Papa Damasus akapa muunganidzwa wedzidziso waifanira kuzvidzwa nechechi. Rugwaro rwacho, runonzi Tome of Damasus, rwakabatanidza kutaura kunotevera:

“Kana munhu upi noupi achiramba kuti Baba haagumi, kuti Mwanakomana haagumi, uye kuti Mudzimu Mutsvene haugumi: iye mutsauki.”

“Kana munhu upi noupi achiramba kuti Mwanakomana waMwari ndiMwari wechokwadi, kungofanana naBaba vari Mwari wechokwadi, ane simba rose, anoziva zvinhu zvose, uye akaenzana naBaba: iye mutsauki.”

“Kana munhu upi noupi achiramba kuti Mudzimu Mutsvene . . . ndiMwari wechokwadi . . . une simba rose uye unoziva zvinhu zvose, . . . iye mutsauki.”

“Kana munhu upi noupi achiramba kuti vanhu vatatu, Baba, Mwanakomana, uye Mudzimu Mutsvene, vanhu vechokwadi, vakaenzana, havagumi, vane zvinhu zvose zvinooneka nezvisingaoneki, kuti ivo ndovamasimba ose, . . . iye mutsauki.”

“Kana munhu upi noupi achitaura kuti [Mwanakomana aka]itwa nyama akanga asiri mudenga naBaba apo akanga ari pasi pano: iye mutsauki.”

“Kana munhu upi noupi, achitaura kuti Baba ndiMwari uye Mwanakomana ndiMwari uye Mudzimu Mutsvene ndiMwari, . . . haatauri kuti ivo ndiMwari mumwe, . . . iye mutsauki.”⁵

Nyanzvi dzeJesuit idzo dzakashandura zviri pamusoro apa kubva muLatin dzakawedzera tsinhiro, inoti: “Papa St. Celestine I (422-32) sezviri pachena akarangarira iyi mipimo kuva mutemo; iyo ingarangarirwa kuva rondedzerwo dzokutenda.”⁶ Uye nyanzvi Edmund J. Fortman inotaura kuti bhuku guru rinomirira “dzidziso youtatu yakanaka neyakasimba.”⁷

Kana iwe uri mutezo wechechi inogamuchira dzidziso yoUtatu, ko uku kutaura kunorondedzera kutenda kwako here? Uye wakanga uchizviziva here kuti kudavira dzidziso yoUtatu seinodzidziswa namachechi kunoda kuti iwe udavire kuti Jesu akanga ari mudenga apo akanga ari pasi pano? Iyi dzidziso yakafanana neizvo munhu wechechi womuzana ramakore rechina Athanasius akataura mubhuku rake On the Incarnation:

“Shoko [Jesu] rakanga risina kukombwa nomuviri Wake, uyewo kuvapo Kwake mumuviri hakuna kudzivisa kuvapo Kwake kune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo. Apo Iye akafambisa muviri Wake Iye haana kuregawo kutungamirira chisiko chapose pose neNdangariro Yake nesimba. . . . Iye achiri Manyuko oupenyu kuchisiko chose chapose pose, aripo murutivi rwuri rwose rwacho, bva kunze kwechose.”⁸

Chinoreva Dzidziso yoUtatu

Vamwe vakagumisa kuti kungopa chete umwari kana kuti kuva mwari kuna Jesu ndiko bedzi kunoreva dzidziso yoUtatu. Nokuda kwavamwe, chitendero muUtatu chinongoreva zvacho chitendero muna Baba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene.

Zvisinei, kusanonzverwa kwezvitendero zvechiKristudhomu kunoratidzira kuti pfungwa dzakadaro hadzina kukwana zvine ngozi sei mukuwirirana nedzidziso yenguva dzose. Rondedzero dzapamutemo dzinojekesa kuti dzidziso yoUtatu haisi pfungwa yakapfava. Panzvimbo pezvo, igadziriro yakaoma kunzwisisa yepfungwa dzakasiana-siana idzo dzakaunganidzwa munhambo refu yenguva ndokubatanidzwa muimwe neimwe.

Kubva mumufananidzo wedzidziso yoUtatu uyo wakaoneka pashure peDare reConstantinople muna 381 N.V., kubva paTome of Damasus muna 382 N.V., kubva muChitendero chaAthanasius icho chakauya nguva yakati gare gare, uye kubva mumamwe magwaro, tinogona kusarudza nenzira yakajeka chinoreva chiKristudhomu nedzidziso yoUtatu. Zvinobatanidza pfungwa chaidzo dzinotevera:

1. Kunotaurwa kuva kune vanhu vatatu voumwari—Baba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene—muUmwari.

2. Mumwe nomumwe waava vanhu vakaparadzana anotaurwa kuva asingagumi, hapana anotangira kana kuti anotevera mumwe munguva.

3. Mumwe nomumwe anotaurwa kuva wamasimba ose, pasina mukuru zvikuru kana kuti muduku zvikuru kune mumwe.

4. Mumwe nomumwe anotaurwa kuva anoziva zvose, anoziva zvinhu zvose.

5. Mumwe nomumwe anotaurwa kuva Mwari wechokwadi.

6. Zvisinei, kunotaurwa kuti hakuna vaMwari vatatu asi Mwari mumwe bedzi.

Nenzira yakajeka dzidziso yoUtatu muunganidzwa wakaoma kunzwisisa wepfungwa kubatanidza zvinenge zvinhu zvinokosha zviri pamusoro apa uye kubatanidza kunyange zvakawanda, sezvinoziviswa apo udzame hunoongororwa. Asi kana tikarangarira bedzi pfungwa huru dziri pamusoro apa, kuri pachena kuti kana dzipi nedzipi dzikabviswa, chinosara hahusati huchiri Utatu hwechiKristudhomu. Kuva nomufananidzo wakakwana, izvi zvidimbu zvose zvinofanira kuvapo.

Neiyi nzwisiso iri nani yeshoko rokuti “Utatu,” tinogona zvino kubvunza, kuti: Yakanga iri dzidziso yaJesu navadzidzi vake here? Kana zvakadaro, inofanira kuva yakaoneka yakaumbwa zvizere muzana rokutanga ramakore reNguva yedu yaVose. Uye sezvo izvo vakadzidzisa zvichiwanikwa muBhaibheri, ipapo dzidziso yoUtatu zvimwe idzidziso yeBhaibheri kana kuti haisati. Kana iri, inofanira kudzidziswa zvakajeka muBhaibheri.

Hakuna mufungo kufunga kuti Jesu navadzidzi vake vaizodzidzisa vanhu pamusoro paMwari asi vasingavaudzi ari Mwari, zvikurukuru apo vamwe vatendi vaizokumbirwa kurega kunyange upenyu hwavo nokuda kwaMwari. Nokudaro, Jesu navadzidzi vake vanofanira kuva vakapa nzvimbo yakakwiririsa kukudzidzisa vamwe pamusoro peiyi dzidziso inokosha.

Ongorora Magwaro

Pana Mabasa ganhuro 17, ndima 11 (NW), vanhu vanonzi “vane ndangariro yakanaka” nemhaka yokuti ivo vai“sanonzvera Magwaro zuva nezuva kuona kana zvinhu izvozvi zvakanga zvakadaro,” zvinhu zvakadzidziswa nomuapostora Pauro. Ivo vakakurudzirwa kushandisa Magwaro kusimbisa dzidziso kunyange dzomuapostora. Iwe unofanira kuita zvimwe chetezvo.

Rangarira kuti Magwaro aka“furidzirwa naMwari” uye anofanira kushandiswa nokuda kwo“kururamisa zvinhu, nokuda kwokuranga mukukururama, kuti munhu waMwari agokwaniswa zvizere, akashongedzerwa zvakakwana nokuda kwebasa riri rose rakanaka.” (2 Timotio 3:16, 17, NW) Naizvozvo Bhaibheri rakakwana munhau dzedzidziso. Kana dzidziso yoUtatu iri yechokwadi, inofanira kuvamo.

Tinokukoka kunzvera Bhaibheri, zvikurukuru mabhuku 27 aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, kuti uzvionere umene kana Jesu navadzidzi vake vakadzidzisa Utatu. Sezvaunonzvera, zvibvunze umene, kuti:

1. Ndinogona here kuwana rugwaro rupi norupi runodudza “Utatu”?

2. Ndinogona here kuwana rugwaro rupi norupi runotaura kuti Mwari anoumbwa navanhu vatatu vakasiana, Baba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene, asi kuti vatatu vacho ndiMwari mumwe bedzi?

3. Ndinogona here kuwana rugwaro rupi norupi runotaura kuti Baba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene vakaenzana munzira dzose, zvakadai somukusaguma, simba, nzvimbo, uye uchenjeri?

Kunyange kana ukasanonzvera, hausati uchizowana rugwaro rumwe runoshandisa shoko rokuti Utatu, uyewo hausati uchizowana rupi norupi runotaura kuti Baba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene vakaenzana munzira dzose, zvakadai somukusaguma, simba, nzvimbo, uye uchenjeri. Hakuna kunyange norugwaro rumwe runotaura kuti Mwanakomana akaenzana naBaba munzira idzodzo—uye kudai kwaiva norugwaro rwakadaro, rwaizosimbisa kwete Utatu asi zvikurukuru “uviri.” Hapana apo Bhaibheri rinoenzanisa mudzimu mutsvene naBaba.

Chinotaura Nyanzvi Dzakawanda

Nyanzvi dzakawanda, kubatanidza vezvoUtatu, dzinobvuma kuti Bhaibheri harina dzidziso chaiyoiyo yoUtatu. Somuenzaniso, The Encyclopedia of Religion inoti:

“Vadudziri navafundisi nhasi vanobvumirana kuti Bhaibheri rechiHebheru harina dzidziso yoUtatu . . . Kunyange zvazvo Bhaibheri rechiHebheru richiratidzira Mwari sababa waIsraeri uye richishandisa kutaurwa somunhu kwaMwari zvakadai seShoko, (davar), Mudzimu (ruah), Uchenjeri (hokhmah), uye Kuvapo (shekhinah), kungapfuura vavariro nomudzimu zveTestamente Yekare kuenzanisa iyi mirangariro nedzidziso yapashure yavezvoutatu.

“Uyezve, vadudziri navafundisi vanobvuma kuti Testamente Itsva hainawo dzidziso chaiyo yoUtatu. Mwari Baba ndiye manyuko echose icho chiripo (Pantokrator) uyewo baba vaJesu Kristu; ‘Baba’ harisati riri zita rokuremekedza romunhu wokutanga woUtatu asi shoko nokuda kwaMwari. . . .

“MuTestamente Itsva hamuna kuvapo kwokufunga kwohunhu hwaMwari (‘utatu hwomuzvarirwo’), uyewo Testamente Itsva haina mutauro wounyanzvi wedzidziso yapashure (hupostasis, ousia, substantia, subsistentia, prosōpon, persona). . . . Hakupikiswi kuti dzidziso yacho haigoni kusimbiswa paufakazi hwapamagwaro hwoga.”⁹

Pamusoro pamaidi enhau paiyi nhau, The New Encyclopædia Britannica inoti:

“Uyewo shoko rokuti Utatu kana kuti dzidziso yakajeka hazvioneki muTestamente Itsva . . .

Dzidziso yacho yakakura pashoma napashoma mumazana amakore apfuura uye nomumagakava akawanda. . . .

“Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechi 4 apo kusiana kwavatatu nomubatanidzwa wavo zvakabatanidzwa mudzidziso imwe inotendwa yomunhu mumwe navanhu vatatu.”¹⁰

New Catholic Encyclopedia inoita kutaura kwakafanana pamusoro pamavambo oUtatu:

“Kune kubvuma kwavadudziri navafundisi veBhaibheri, kubatanidza chiverengero chinokura nguva dzose chavaRoma Katurike, kwokuti munhu haafaniri kutaura nezvoUtatu muTestamente Itsva pasina chikwaniriso chakakomba. Kunewo kubvuma kwakasanovambirana kwavezvenhau kwedzidziso navafundisi vane nhevedzano kwokuti apo munhu anotaura nezvoUtatu chaihwo, munhu wacho abva munhambo yamavambo echiKristu achienda, todaro, kuchidimbu chechina chokupedzisira chezana ramakore rechi 4. Paingova panguva iyeyo bedzi apo inganzi dzidziso yezvoUtatu ‘Mwari mumwe muVanhu vatatu’ yakabatanidzwa chose chose muupenyu hwomuKristu nomufungo. . . .

“Muitiro wacho umene hauratidziri kuzivikanwa kwenhambo yamavambo; wakanga uri muuyo wamazana matatu amakore okukura kwedzidziso.”¹¹

Huno“karakadzwa” Here?

Vezvoutatu vangataura kuti Bhaibheri “rinokarakadza” Utatu. Asi uku kutaura kunoitwa nguva refu pashure pokunge Bhaibheri ranyorwa. Iko kuedza kuwedzera muBhaibheri izvo vafundisi venguva dzapashure vakasarudza noudzvinyiriri kuti zvinofanira kuva dzidziso.

Zvibvunze umene, kuti: Nei Bhaibheri raizongo“karakadza” bedzi dzidziso yaro inokosha zvikurusa—uyo ari Mwari? Bhaibheri rakajeka padzimwe dzidziso huru; kuregerereiko pana iyoyi, inokosha zvikurusa? Musiki wechisiko chapose pose haasati aizonyora here bhuku rakajeka pakuva kwake Utatu kudai kwakanga kwakadaro?

Chikonzero nei Bhaibheri risingadzidzisi zvakajeka dzidziso yoUtatu chakapfava: Haisati iri dzidziso yeBhaibheri. Kudai Mwari akanga ave ari Utatu, zvirokwazvo angadai akakujekesa kuitira kuti Jesu navadzidzi vake vagogona kuva vakaidzidzisa kuvamwe. Uye mashoko iwayo anokosha angadai akabatanidzwa muShoko rakafuridzirwa raMwari. Kungadai kusina kusiirwa kuvanhu vasina kukwana kurwisana namazana amakore gare gare.

Apo tinoongorora magwaro anopiwa navezvoUtatu soufakazi hwokuti Bhaibheri “rinokarakadza” Utatu, chii chatinowana? Nzvero yokutendeseka inozivisa kuti magwaro anopiwa haatauri nezvoUtatu hwechiKristudhomu. Panzvimbo pezvo, vafundisi vanoedza kumanikidzira mumagwaro pfungwa dzavo dzakaumbwa kare dzoUtatu. Asi pfungwa idzodzo hadzisi mumagwaro. Kutaura idi, pfungwa idzodzo dzoUtatu dzinorwisana nechipupuriro chakajeka cheBhaibheri rose zvaro.

Muenzaniso wamagwaro akadaro unowanwa pana Mateo 28:19, 20. Ipapo Baba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene vanodudzwa pamwe chete. Vamwe vanotaura kuti ikoku kunokarakadza Utatu. Asi rava ndima dzacho iwe umene. Pane chinhu chipi nechipi here mumagwaro iwayo chinotaura kuti vatatu vacho ndiMwari mumwe akaenzana mukusaguma, simba, nzvimbo, uye uchenjeri? Aiwa, hapana. Ndizvimwe chetezvo namamwe magwaro anodudza vatatu pamwe chete.

Kana vari avo vanoona zvikarakadzo zvoUtatu pana Mateo 28:19, 20 mukushandiswa kwe“zita” muchimwe nokuda kwaBaba, Mwanakomana, uye mudzimu mutsvene, tapota enzanisa kushandiswa kwe“zita,” chimwe, nokuda kwaAbrahama naIsaka pana Genesi 48:16.—King James Version; New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.

Vezvoutatu vanonongedzerawo kuna Johane 1:1 mudzimwe shanduro, apo “Shoko” rinotaurwa nezvaro seraiva “naMwari” uye seriri “Mwari.” Asi dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzinotaura kuti Shoko rakanga riri “mwari” kana kuti rakanga riri “roumwari,” kureva kwete hazvo Mwari asi ane simba. Kupfuurirazve, ndima iyoyo yeBhaibheri inotaura kuti “Shoko” rakanga “rina” Mwari. Ikoko kwaizomubvisa nenzira ine mufungo mukuva Mwari mumwe cheteyo. Uye hazvinei hazvo nechinogumiswa pamusoro pe“Shoko,” idi nderokuti vanhu vaviri bedzi vanodudzwa pana Johane 1:1, kwete vatatu. Kazhinji kazhinji, magwaro ose anoshandiswa kuedza ndokutsigira dzidziso yoUtatu anokundikana chose chose kuita saizvozvo apo anonzverwa nenzira yokutendeseka.a

Chimwe chinhu chokurangarira ndeichi: Kudai dzidziso yoUtatu yakanga yadzidziswa naJesu navadzidzi vake, ipapo zvirokwazvo vanhu vechechi vakuru avo vakauya nokukurumidza pashure pavo vaizovawo vakaidzidzisa. Asi ko vanhu ivavo, nhasi vanonzi vanaBaba vaVaapostora, vakadzidzisa dzidziso yoUtatu here? Uyu mubvunzo uchakurukurwa muRutivi 2 rweiyi nhevedzano muchinyorwa chapashure cheNharireyomurindi.

Nongedzero

1. The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1912, Volume XV, peji 47.

2. The Baptist Encyclopædia, yakarongwa naWilliam Cathcart, 1883, mapeji 1168-9.

3. A Short History of Christian Doctrine, rakanyorwa naBernhard Lohse, Chinyorwa cha 1980, peji 53.

4. Ibid., mapeji 64-5.

5. The Church Teaches, rakashandurwa ndokurongwa naJohn F. Clarkson, S.J., John H. Edwards, S.J., William J. Kelly, S.J., naJohn J. Welch, S.J., 1955, mapeji 125-7.

6. Ibid., peji 125.

7. The Triune God, rakanyorwa naEdmund J. Fortman, Chinyorwa cha 1982, peji 126.

8. On the Incarnation, rakashandurwa naPenelope Lawson, Chinyorwa cha 1981, mapeji 27-8.

9. The Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade, mupepeti mukuru, 1987, Volume 15, peji 54.

10. The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Chinyorwa chechi 15, 1985, Volume 11, Micropædia, peji 928.

11. New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Volume XIV, peji 295.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 19]

Church at Tagnon, France