Justin—Muzivi, Mudziviriri Wedzidziso,Uye Mufiri Kutendeka

“ISU tinoraira kuti pomero pamaKristu dziongororwe, uye kuti, kana idzodzi dzikatsigirwa, iwo arangwe sezvaakafanirwa . . . Asi kana pasina munhu anogona kutibvumikisa kuva nemhaka yechinhu chipi nechipi, rutongeso rwakanaka runokurambidzai, nokuda kwounyerekupe hwakaipa, hwokukuvadza vanhu vasina mhaka . . . Nokuti kana, apo munenge madzidza zvokwadi, musingaiti chiri chakarurama, muchava pamberi paMwari pasina pembedzo.”

Naaya mashoko, Justin Martyr, ainzi muKristu wezana ramakore rechipiri N.V., akakwirira kuna mambo weRoma Antoninus Pius. Justin akakumbira nzvero yokutonga yakakomba muupenyu nezvitendero zvavaiti maKristu. Uku kudiwa kweruramisiro kwakabva kumumwe munhu aiva nomugariro wekare nouzivi zvinofadza zvikuru.

Upenyu HwapakuvambaNerovedzo

Justin akanga ari waMarudzi, akaberekwa munenge muna 110 N.V. muSamaria muguta reFlavia Neapolis, Nablus yazvino uno. Iye akazvidana amene kuti muSamaria, kunyange zvazvo sezvingabvira baba vake nambuya vakanga vari vaRoma kana kuti vaGiriki. Kurerwa kwake mutsika dzechihedheni, kwakabatanidzwa nenyota yezvokwadi, zvakatungamirira kufundo yokungwarira youzivi. Asingagutswi mukunzvera kwake pakati pavaStoiko, vaPeripatetic, uye vaPythagoras, iye akaronda pfungwa dzaPlato.

Murimwe ramabhuku ake, Justin anotaura nezvechishuvo chake chokukurukura navazivi uye anoti: “Ndakazvipa ndimene kumuStoiko akati; uye ndapedza nguva yakati naye, apo ndakanga ndisina kuwana imwe zivo ipi neipi yaMwari (nokuti iye akanga asingazvizivi amene), . . . ndakamusiya ndokuzvipa ndimene kumumwe munhu.”—Dialogue of Justin, Philosopher and Martyr, With Trypho, a Jew.

Justin akatevera kuenda kumuPeripatetic aifarira zvikuru mari kupfuura zvokwadi. “Uyu murume, pashure pokunge andivaraidza kwamazuva okutanga mashomanene,” anodaro Justin, “akandikumbira kubhadhara mari, kuti chinjano yedu irege kuva isingabetseri. Iyewo, nokuda kweichi chikonzero ndakasiya, ndichimudavira kusatongova muzivi.”

Achidisa kunzwa “uzivi hwakaisvonaka,” Justin “akauya kumuPythagoras, akakurumbira zvikuru—mumwe murume aifunga zvakawanda pamusoro pouzivi hwake amene.” Justin anoti: “Apo ndakava nebvunzurudzo naye, ndichidisa kuva munzwi wake nomudzidzi, iye akati, ‘Ipapo chii? Wakarovedzana nenziyo here, mitumbi yomudenga, uye geometry? Unokarira here kunzwisisa zvipi nezvipi zvezvinhu izvozvo [zvoumwari] izvo zvinopira kuupenyu hunofadza kana usina kutanga kuziviswa pamusoro pa[izvozvi]? . . . Iye akandidzinga apo ndakataura kwaari kusaziva kwangu.”

Kunyange zvazvo akaodzwa mwoyo, Justin akaramba achitsvaka zvokwadi kupfurikidza nokutendeukira kuvaPlato vakakurumbira. Iye anoti: “Ipapo ndakapedza yakawanda yenguva yangu seinobvira nomumwe akanga achangobva kugara muguta redu—murume akachenjera, aiva nenzvimbo huru pakati pavaPlato,—uye ndakafambira mberi, uye ndakaita vandudziko hurusa zuva nezuva . . . , zvokuti munguva shomanene ndakafunga kuti ndakanga ndava akachenjera; uye hwakadaro,” Justin anogumisa kudaro, “hwakanga huri ufuza hwangu.”

Kunzvera zvokwadi kwaJustin kupfurikidza neonano navazivi kwakanga kwave kusina maturo. Asi achirangarira ari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, akasangana nomuKristu akwegura, “mumwe murume akati akwegura, asingatongozvidziki muchitarisiko, anoratidzira tsika nyoro nedzinoremekedzwa.” Kurukurirano yakavapo somuuyo yakanangidzira ngwariro yake kudzidziso huru dzeBhaibheri idzo dzinonangidzira ngwariro pakudikanwa kwezivo yakarurama yaMwari.—VaRoma 10:2, 3.

MuKristu asingadudzwi zita akaudza Justin, kuti: “Kwaivapo, kare kare pamberi penguva ino, navamwe vanhu vakare zvikuru kupfuura avo vose vari vazivi vakakurumbira, zvose zviri zviviri vakarurama navanodiwa naMwari, avo . . . vakadeya kutaura zvinoitika zvaizoitika, uye izvo zvino zviri kuitika. Ivo vanonzi vaporofita. Ava voga vakaita zvose zviri zviviri kuona nokuzivisa zvokwadi kuvanhu, . . . vachizadzwa noMudzimu Mutsvene.” Achinyandurazve chishuvo chaJustin, muKristu wacho akati: “Manyoro avo achiripo, uye iye akaarava anobetserwa zvikuru muzivo yake yamavambo nomugumo wezvinhu.” (Mateo 5:6; Mabasa 3:18) Seizvo murume ane mutsa akakurudzira, Justin akaongorora Magwaro nokushingaira uye anoratidzika kuva akawana mwero wakati wenzwisiso yawo nouporofita hweBhaibheri, sezvinoonwa mumanyoro ake.

Kusanonzvera Mabhuku Ake

Justin akaororwa nokusatya kwamaKristu mukutarisana norufu. Iye akanzwisisawo dzidziso dzezvokwadi dzaMagwaro echiHebheru. Kutsigira zvibvumikiso zviri muDialogue With Trypho yake, Justin akanokora mashoko muna Genesi, Eksodho, Revhitiko, Dheuteronomio, 2 Samueri, 1 Madzimambo, Mapisarema, Isaya, Jeremia, Ezekieri, Dhanieri, Hosea, Joere, Amosi, Jona, Mika, Zekaria, Maraki, pamwe chete neEvhangeri. Nzwisiso yake yaaya mabhuku eBhaibheri inoonwa mukurukurirano naTrypho, umo Justin akabata nechiJudha icho chaidavira muna Mesia.

Kunoshumwa kuti Justin akanga ari muevhangeri, achizivisa mashoko akanaka pabanza riri rose. Sezvingabvira, iye akafamba zvikuru kwazvo. Imwe yenguva yake yakapedzerwa muEfeso, uye iye sezviri pachena akagara muRoma kwenhambo yakati.

Mabhuku aJustin anobatanidza dziviriro dzakanyorwa mukudzivirirwa kwechiKristu. Muyake First Apology, iye anotsvaka kudzinga rima guru rouzivi hwechihedheni kupfurikidza nechiedza chinobva muMagwaro. Iye anozivisa kuti uchenjeri hwavazivi ndohwenhema uye hahuna revo mukupesana namashoko ane simba namabhuku zvaKristu. (Enzanisa naVaKorose 2:8.) Justin anoteterera nokuda kwamaKristu anozvidzwa ayo anozvizivisa amene nawo. Pashure pokutendeuka kwake, akapfuurira kupfeka chipfeko chomuzivi, achitaura kuti iye akanga awana uzivi hwechokwadi bedzi.

Nokuda kwokuramba kunamata vamwari venhema, maKristu omuzana rechipiri ramakore akarangarirwa kuva asingatendi kuvapo kwaMwari. “Isu hatisati tiri vasingatendi kuvapo kwaMwari,” akapindura kudaro Justin, “tichinamata sezvatinoita Muiti wechisiko chapose pose . . . Mudzidzisi wedu weizvi zvinhu ndiJesu Kristu . . . Iye ndiye Mwanakomana waMwari wechokwadi.” Pamusoro pokunamata zvidhori, Justin akati: “Ivo vanoita icho vanodana kuti mwari; icho tinorangarira kwete bedzi kuva chisina mufungo, asi kuva kunyange chinonyomba kuna Mwari . . . Upenzi hwakadini! kuti vanhu vakaipa vanofanira kutaurwa kuva vanoumba ndokuita vamwari nokuda kwokunamata kwenyu.”—Isaya 44:14-20.

Nenongedzero dzakawanda kuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, Justin anotaura chitendero chake murumuko, tsika dzechiKristu, rubhapatidzo, uporofita hweBhaibheri (zvikurukuru pamusoro paKristu), uye dzidziso dzaJesu. Pamusoro paJesu, Justin anonokora Isaya, achiti: “Hurumende ichava pamafudzi” aKristu. Justin anotiwo, kuti: “Kana tikatsvaka umambo hwavanhu, tinofanira kurambawo Kristu wedu.” Iye anokurukura miedzo nemisengwa zvamaKristu, anotaura kuti basa rakafanira kuna Mwari rinoda kuva muiti wokuda Kwake, uye anotaurazve kuti “vanhu vanofanira kupinzwa Naye murudzi rwuri rwose kundoparidza izvi zvinhu.”

The Second Apology of Justin (inodavirwa kuva kupfuudzirwa zvako kweyokutanga) yakanyorerwa Dare reRoma. Justin anofadza vaRoma kupfurikidza nokurondedzera zvinoitika zvamaKristu, ayo akatambudzwa pashure pokusvika kuzivo yakarurama yaJesu Kristu. Kuisvonaka kwetsika kwedzidziso dzaJesu, kwakaratidzirwa mumufambiro wavagari vemo vechiKristu, kwakaratidzika kuva kwoukoshi huduku kuzviremera zveRoma. Panzvimbo pezvo, kungobvuma chete kuva mudzidzi kwaigona kuva nemiuyo inouraisa. Pamusoro peaichimbova mudzidzisi wedzidziso dzechiKristu, Justin akanokora mashoko mumwe munhu ainzi Lucius, uyo akabvunza, kuti: “Neiko makaranga uyu murume, kwete semhombwe, kana kuti chifeve, kana kuti mupondi, kana kuti mbavha, kana kuti gororo, kana kuti akawanwa ane mhaka ipi neipi zvayo, asi uyo akangobvuma bedzi kuti iye anodanwa nezita romuKristu?”

Tambanuko yokufungira mano akaipa vainzi maKristu panguva iyoyo inoratidzirwa nokutaura kwaJustin, kuti: “Iniwo, naizvozvo, ndinokarira kuranganwa ndokusungirirwa padanda, navamwe vaavo ndakadudza, kana kuti zvichida naCrescens, mudi uya woushingi nokuganza; nokuti munhu wacho haana kufanirwa nezita romuzivi uyo anopupurira pachena mukurwisana nesu muzvinhu zvaasinganzwisisi, achitaura kuti maKristu vadaviri mukuvasapo kwaMwari uye haasi matsvene, uye achiita saizvozvo kuti awane nyasha nenyongori yakanyengedzwa, uye kuvafadza. Nokuti kana iye kana achitidenha pasina kuva akarava dzidziso dzaKristu, akaipa chose chose, uye zvakaipa zvikuru kupfuura vasingagoni kurava, avo kazhinji kazhinji vanoramba kukurukura kana kuti kupa uchapupu hwenhema pamusoro pezvinhu zvavasinganzwisisi.”

Rufu Rwake

Pangava pasimba raCrescens kana kuti vamwe vaCynic, Justin akazvidzwa kumudzori weRoma somupandukiri uye akashurikidzwa kuti afe. Munenge muna 165 P.N.V, iye akagurwa musoro muRoma ndokuva “mufiri kutendeka” (kureva kuti “chapupu”). Nokudaro, iye anonzi Justin Martyr (mufiri kutendeka).

Mutoo wokunyora waJustin ungashaiwa rujeko nokungwarira pakutaura zvavamwe vanhu vakadzidza vezuva rake, asi shingairo yake nokuda kwezvokwadi nokururama sezviri pachena yakanga iri yechokwadi. Kuti akararama kusvikira patambanuko yakadini mutsinhirano naMagwaro nedzidziso dzaJesu hakugoni kutaurwa nohumachokwadi. Bva, mabhuku aJustin anokosheswa nokuda kwezviri mukati mawo zvenhau nenongedzero dzakawanda dzapaMagwaro. Iwo anogovera nzwisiso muupenyu nezvinoitika zvaanonzi maKristu omuzana rechipiri ramakore.

Dzinokosha inhamburiko dzaJustin dzokuratidza madzimambo kusaruramisira kwechitambudzo chakanangidzirwa pamaKristu. Kuramba kwake rudzidziso rwechihedheni uye uzivi achida zivo yakarurama yeShoko raMwari kunotiyeuchidza kuti muAtene muapostora Pauro akataura noushingi kuvazivi veEpikuro neStoiko pamusoro paMwari wechokwadi naJesu Kristu akamutswa.—Mabasa 17:18-34.

Justin amene aiva nezivo yakati yorumuko rwavakafa mukati meMireniyumu. Uye tariro yechokwadi yorumuko yeBhaibheri inosimbisa kutenda sei! Yakatsigira maKristu mukutarisana nechitambudzo uye yakaagonesa kutsungirira miedzo mikuru kunyange kusvikira kurufu.—Johane 5:28, 29; 1 VaKorinte 15:16-19; Zvakazarurwa 2:10; 20:4, 12, 13; 21:2-4.

Naizvozvo, ipapo, Justin akatsvaka zvokwadi ndokuramba uzivi hwechiGiriki. Somudziviriri wedzidziso, iye akadzivirira dzidziso nemiitiro zvavaiti maKristu. Uye nokuda kwokutaura chiKristu iye amene, akatambura kufira kutendeka. Inokosha zvikuru yakanga iri nzwisiso yaJustin yezvokwadi nokupupurira kwake kwoushingi mukutarisana nechitambudzo, nokuti aya mavara anowanwa muupenyu hwavateveri vechokwadi vaJesu nhasi.—Zvirevo 2:4-6; Johane 10:1-4; Mabasa 4:29; 3 Johane 4.