Ukoshi hweNash Papyrus
UNOPA sei musi nenzira yakarurama manyoro akare eBhaibheri echiHebheru? Ichocho ndicho chinetso chakanga chakanangana naDr. John C. Trever muna 1948 apo akatanga kuona Dead Sea Scroll yaIsaya. Chimiro chamabhii echiHebheru chakamufadza. Iye aiziva kuti mabhii acho aikosha kuzera rawo, asi iye aigona kuaenzanisa nechii? Nenzira yakarurama, iye akagumisa, kuti: Bedzi namanyoro eNash Papyrus. Neiko? Chii chiri aya manyoro, uye akabva kupi?
Nash Papyrus yakaumbwa nezvidimbu zvina chete zvemitsetse 24 yorugwaro rwechiHebheru, inoyera masendimita 7,5 ne 12,5. Rwakapiwa zita raW. L. Nash, munyori weSociety of Biblical Archaeology, uyo akaawana kumutengesi weEgipita muna 1902. Akabudiswa naS. A. Cooke mugore rakatevera racho muProceedings dzesosaiti iyoyo uye yakapiwa kuCambridge University Library, England, uko yakagara. Ukoshi hweichi chidimbu chepapyrus hwakabatanidzwa nezera rayo. Nyanzvi dzakaipa musi kusvikira kuzana ramakore rechipiri kana kuti rokutanga P.N.V., naizvozvo akanga ari manyoro ekaresa echiHebheru ati ambowanwa.
Apo Dr. Trever akaenzanisa siraidhi rine ruvara reNash Papyrus nomupumburu wamanyoro pamberi pake, akatarira nokungwarira chimiro namamirire amabhii mamwe namamwe. Pasina panikiro, iwo akanga akafanana zvikuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, kwakaratidzika kuva kusingadaviriki kwaari kuti manyoro makuru, akanga achangobva kuwanwa aigona sezvinobvira kuva apakuvamba mumusi seNash Papyrus. Pashure penguva yakati, zvisinei, nzira yake yokurangarira yakabvumikisa kuva yakarurama. Dead Sea Scroll yaIsaya yaiva yezana rechipiri ramakore P.N.V.!
Zvomukati meNash Papyrus
Kukamuraniswa kworugwaro rweNash Papyrus kunozivisa kuti mitsara yayo yose 24 haina kukwana, neshoko kana kuti mabhii asipo pamigumo yose iri miviri. Ine mativi eMirairo Gumi inobva muna Eksodho ganhuro 20, pamwe chete nendima dzakati dzinobva muna Dheuteronomio ganhuro 5 ne 6. Naizvozvo aya akanga asiri manyoro eBhaibheri enguva dzose asi rugwaro rwakavhenganiswa rune donzo chairo. Iwo sezviri pachena akanga ari rutivi rwomuunganidzwa unoraidza wokuyeuchidza muJudha nezvebasa rake kuna Mwari. Chikamu chorugwaro runovamba naDheuteronomio 6:4 (NW), chinonzi Shema, chaidzokororwa chadzokororwazve. Ndima iyoyo inorava, kuti: “Teerera, Haiwa Israeri; Jehovha Mwari wedu ndiJehovha mumwe.”
Tetragrammaton, YHWH, “Jehovha,” muiyi ndima inooneka kaviri pamutsetse wokupedzisira wepapyrus, uye inooneka mudzimwe nzvimbo shanu. Inoonekawo kamwe neshoko rayo rokutanga risipo.
Shema zvikurukuru yakarehwa kusimbisa “hunhu humwe hwaMwari.” Mukuwirirana neTalmud (Berakoth 19a) yechiJudha, shoko rokugumisa, ʼE·chadhʹ (“mumwe”), “rinofanira kusimbiswa zvikuru apo rakanga richidudzwa kupfurikidza nokuratidza syllable imwe neimwe.” (W. O. E. Oesterley uye G. H. Box) Nenongedzero kuna Mwari, uyu ʼE·chadhʹ akarebeswa akazivisawo kusiana kwake.
Nhasi, Nash Papyrus ine vaenzani vakawanda, zvikurukuru pakati pemipumburu yamanyoro yakawanwa mumapako mumhenderekedzo dzeGungwa Rakafa pedyo neQumran. Nzvero ine udzame yakasimbisa kuti akawanda aaya manyoro anosvika kuzana ramakore rokutanga nerechipiri P.N.V.a Kunyange zvazvo asati achasiri manyoro echiHebheru ekaresa anozivikanwa, Nash Papyrus ichiri yefariro huru. Achiri manyoro eBhaibheri bedzi omusi wapakuvamba wakadaro akawanwa muEgipita.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]