Mugariro Wapasi weBhaibheri Wakarurama Here?

ZUVA richangobva kuvira muParestina. Gore racho ndi 1799. Pashure pezuva rinopisa ichifamba, Hondo yeFrance yavaka musasa, uye Napoléon, mutungamiriri mukuru, ari kuzorora mutende yake. Kupfurikidza nokutaima kwechiedza chekanduro, mumwe wavabatiri vake ari kurava zvinonzwika muBhaibheri rechiFrench.

Sezviri pachena ikoku kwakaitika kazhinji kazhinji mukati menhimbe yehondo yaNapoléon muParestina. “Pakugara mumusasa pamatongo amataundi iwayo akare,” iye akayeuka gare gare muyeuko dzake, “ivo vairava zvinonzwika Rugwaro madekwana ari ose . . . Bvumirano nezvokwadi zverondedzero dzacho zvakanga zvichishamisa: zvichiri kuwirirana nenyika ino pashure pezviuru zvakawanda kwazvo zvamakore nechinjo.”

Zvamazvirokwazvo, vafambi vanoenda kuMiddle East vanokuwana kuri nyore kukodzeranisa zvinoitika zveBhaibheri nenzvimbo dzomuzuva razvino. Hondo yeFrance isati yakurira Egipita, zvishomanene zvaizivikanwa navokumwe pamusoro penyika iyoyo yakare. Ipapo masaendisiti nenyanzvi, avo Napoléon akanga aunza kuEgipita, vakavamba kuzivisa kunyika udzame hweyaichimbova mbiri yeEgipita. Ikoku kwakakuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuisa muchiono “uranda hwakaoma” uhwo vaIsraeri vakamboiswa mahuri.—Eksodho 1:13, 14, NW.

Pausiku hwokusunungurwa kwavo muEgipita, vaIsraeri vakaungana paRamesesi uye ipapo vakaenda ku“mucheto werenje.” (Eksodho 12:37; 13:20) Paiyi nzvimbo, Mwari akavaraira kuti “vadzoke” uye “vavake musasa pagungwa.” Uku kufamba kwechienzi kwakadudzirwa soku“rasha nzira,” uye mambo weEgipita akabuda nehondo yake nengoro dzehondo 600 kuti abatezve vaichimbova varanda vake.—Eksodho 14:1-9.

Kubuda

Mukuwirirana naJosephus, wezvenhau wezana rokutanga ramakore N.V., hondo yeEgipita yakatinhira vaIsraeri “munzvimbo yakasunha” ndokuvakomba “pakati pamawere asingasvikiki negungwa.” Nzvimbo chaiyoiyo apo vaIsraeri vakayambuka Gungwa Dzvuku haizivikanwi nouchokwadi nhasi. Zvisinei, kuri nyore kuisa muchiono chinoitika chacho uri pamusoro porwenze rwakatarisa mugumo wokuchamhembe weGungwa Dzvuku. Nenzira inofadza, gomo racho rinonzi Jebel ʽAtaqah, kureva kuti “Gomo Rokusunungurwa.” Pakati pourwu rwenze neGungwa Dzvuku pane bani rakatetepa richienda kunzvimbo apo majinga egomo anodokupinda mugungwa. Parutivi rwakapesana rweGungwa Dzvuku pane nzvimbo ine miti nemvura, namatsime akawanda, anonzi ʽAyun Musaʼ, uko kunoreva kuti “matsime aMosesi.” Gova regungwa riri pakati peidzi nzvimbo mbiri rinodzika zvishoma nezvishoma zvikuru, nepo kune imwe nzvimbo rinodzika kamwe kamwe kusvikira kuudzame huri pakati pamamita 9 ne 18.

Vafundisi vasina kutenda vechiKristudhomu vakaedza kuzvidza nenji iro Mwari akaita apo akakamuranisa mvura dzeGungwa Dzvuku ndokugonesa vaIsraeri kupukunyuka panyika yakaoma. Ivo vanoisazve chinoitika chacho kumandondo asina kudzama kana kuti kumatope kumusoro kweGungwa Dzvuku. Asi ikoko hakukodzerani nechinyorwa cheBhaibheri, icho chinotaura chataurazve kuti kuyambuka kwakaitika muGungwa Dzvuku panzvimbo pakanga pane mvura yakawanda kunyudza Farao nehondo yake yose, hungu, kuvamedza.—Eksodho 14:26-31; Pisarema 136:13-15; VaHebheru 11:29.

Renje reSinai

Migariro yakaipa inowanwa muPeninsula yeSinai inoratidzirwa zvakajeka munhauro yeBhaibheri yokudzungaira kwaIsraeri. (Dheuteronomio 8:15) Naizvozvo, rudzi rwose rwaigona here kuungana mujinga meGomo reSinai kuti rugamuchire Mutemo waMwari uye gare gare kubva kuti vamire “kure”? (Eksodho 19:1, 2; 20:18) Pane nzvimbo yakakura zvakakwana kubvumira kufamba kwakadaro kweboka rinofungidzirwa kuva rakasvika mamirioni matatu here?

Mufambi nenyanzvi yeBhaibheri yomuzana ramakore rechi 19, Arthur Stanley, akashanyira nharaunda yeGomo reSinai ndokurondedzera chiono chakanangana neboka rake pakukwira Ras Safsafa, kuti: “Muuyo patiri, sapamunhu ari ose akachiona ndokuchirondedzera, wakanga uchikurumidza. . . . Pano pakanga pane bani rakadzama rakafara reyero rinosvika kujinga kumene kwamapani . . . Kurangarira kunodokuva kusavapo chose chose kwebatano dzakadaro dzebani negomo muiyi nharaunda, hufakazi hunokosha chaizvoizvo kuzvokwadi yenhauro, kuti batano imwe yakadaro inogona kuwanwa, uye ikoko mukati menharaunda yeSinai yegamuchidzanwa.”

Nyika Yakapikirwa

Mugore rechi 40 rokudzungaira kwaIsraeri murenje, Mosesi akapa uku kurondedzerwa kwamativi enyika yavakanga vodokupinda: “Nokuti Jehovha Mwari wako unokupinza munyika yakanaka, nyika ine hova dzemvura, namatsime, namadziva akadzika, anobuda pamipata napamakomo.”—Dheuteronomio 8:7.

Kururama kweichi chipikirwa kwakakurumidza kuwanwa apo rudzi rwose rwakaungana pamwe chete—varume, vakadzi, vaduku, uye vokumwe—mumupata une mvura yakawanda weShekemi pakati peGomo reEbhari neGomo reGerizimi. Pajinga peGomo reGerizimi pakamira ndudzi nhanhatu. Dzimwe ndudzi nhanhatu dzakaungana parutivi rwakatarisana nomupata pajinga reGomo reEbhari kuti vanzwe zvikomborero zvoumwari izvo rudzi rwacho rwaizofarikanya kana vakateerera Mutemo waJehovha nokutuka uko kwaizouya kana vakakundikana kuchengeta Mutemo waMwari. (Joshua 8:33-35) Asi pakanga pane nzvimbo yakakwana here yokuti rudzi rwacho rwukwane muuyu mupata wakasunha? Uye vose vavo vakanzwa sei pasina shongedzero yomuzuva razvino uno yokukudza inzwi?

Jehovha Mwari aigona kuva akakudza nenenji manzwi avaRevhi. Zvisinei, nenji rakadaro hariratidziki kuva raiva madikanwa. Kunzwa muuyu mupata kwakaisvonaka. “Vafambi vose,” yakanyora kudaro nyanzvi yeBhaibheri yomuzana ramakore rechi 19 Alfred Edersheim, “vanobvumirana pamapfundo maviri: 1. Kuti kwaisagona kutongova nechitambudzo chipi nechipi mukunzwa zvakajeka vari pose pari paviri paEbhari nepaGerizimi chinhu chipi nechipi chakataurwa mumupata. 2. Kuti aya makomo maviri akapa nzvimbo yokumira yakakwana yaIsraeri wose.”

Imwe nyanzvi yeBhaibheri yomuzana ramakore rechi 19, William Thomson, yakarondedzera chinoitika chayo mumupata iwoyo mubhuku rayo The Land and the Book, kuti: “Ndakashevedzera kuti ndinzwe maungira, uye ipapo ndakafungidzira kuti kunofanira kuve kwakaita sei apo vaRevhi vane manzwi makuru vakazivisa . . . ‘Ngaatukwe munhu anoita mufananidzo upi noupi wakavezwa, chinonyangadza kuna Jehovha.’ Uye ipapo AMENI! mukuru anonzwika zvikuru kakapetwa kagumi, akabva kuungano huru, achikwira, uye achisimuka, uye achiungirazve kubva paEbhari kusvikira kuGerizimi, uye kubva kuGerizimi kusvikira kuEbhari.”—Enzanisa naDheuteronomio 27:11-15.

Mupata weJezreeri

Kuchamhembe kweShekemi kune mumwe mupata wakaibvira, uyo unokwira uchibva pasi pomwero wegungwa ndokuzarukira mubani hombe. Nharaunda iyoyi yose inonzi Mupata weJezreeri, wakatumidzwa zita reguta reJezreeri. Kuchamhembe kwomupata wacho kune makomo eGarirea uko taundi rokumusha kwaJesu, Nazareta, rakanga riri. “Nazareta,” anotsanangura kudaro George Smith mubhuku rake The Historical Geography of the Holy Land, “iri munharaunda iri pakati pamakomo; asi panguva yaunokwira kumucheto kweiyi nharaunda, . . . chiono chakadini chaunova nacho! [Mupata weJezreeri] uri pamberi pako, nedzaro . . . nhandare dzehondo . . . Imepu yenhau yeTestamente Yekare.”

Muiri bani, voruzivo rwokuchera matongo vakafukunura matongo amaguta oumambo akakurirwa naIsraeri mumazuva aJoshua, ndiko kuti, Taanaki, Megidho, Jokneami, uye sezvinobvira Kedheshi. (Joshua 12:7, 21, 22) Munharaunda imwe cheteyi, mumazuva oMutongi Bharaki noMutongi Gidheoni, Jehovha akanunura nenzira yenenji vanhu vake mumarudzi avavengi vane simba zvikuru.—Vatongi 5:1, 19-21; 6:33; 7:22.

Mazana amakore gare gare, Mambo Jehu akatasva achikwira mumupata wacho kusvikira kuguta reJezreeri kuzoita rutongeso rwaJehovha pana Jezebheri neimba yakawa pakutenda yaAhabhi. Ari panharireyomurindi paJezreeri, kungadai kwakava kuri nyore kuona kumabvazuva kusvika kwamauto aJehu padaro ramakiromita 19. Nokudaro, kungadai kwakava nenguva yakawanda yokuti Mambo Jehorami atumire nhume yokutanga uye ipapo yechipiri yakatasva bhiza uye, pakupedzisira, kuti madzimambo Jehorami waIsraeri naAhazia waJudha vasunge ngoro dzavo ndokusangana naJehu asati asvika guta reJezreeri. Jehu akakurumidza kuuraya Jehorami. Ahazia akatiza asi gare gare akakuvadzwa, uye akafira paMegidho. (2 Madzimambo 9:16-27) Pamusoro penzvimbo dzehondo dzakadai sedziri pamusoro apa, George Smith anonyora, kuti: “Kunoshamisa kuti hakuna mune imwe neimwe yenhauro . . . kusabvira kupi nokupi kwomugariro wapasi.”

Pasina panikiro Jesu aiwanzotarira zasi ari paMupata weJezreeri ndokufungisisa rukundo runofadza urwo rwakanga rwaitika imomo, achiziva kuti iye, Mesia akapikirwa, akasungirwa kuzadzika basa raJoshua Mukuru, Bharaki Mukuru, Gidheoni Mukuru, uye Jehu Mukuru mukurevererwa kwouchangamire hwaJehovha. Zvamazvirokwazvo, Bhaibheri rinoshandisa Megidho, guta riri pakaisvonaka zvikurusa muuyu mupata, sechiratidzo chenzvimbo yehondo yaMwari yeHar–Magedhoni (kureva “Gomo reMegidho”). Iyoyo ichava hondo yapasi pose umo Jesu Kristu, saMambo wamadzimambo, achaparadza vavengi vose vaMwari neveungano yechiKristu, vanhu vechokwadi vaMwari.—Zvakazarurwa 16:16; 17:14.

Bhaibheri rinorondedzera kuti vaJudha vakatsamwa veNazareta pane imwe nguva vakamboedza kukandira Jesu kurufu rwake kubva pa“mawere egomo, pakanga pakavakwa guta ravo.” (Ruka 4:29) Nenzira inofadza, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta razvino uno reNazareta kune mawere ane mamita 12 apo ichi chinoitika chingave chakaitika. Jesu akanzvenga vavengi vake, uye Bhaibheri rinowedzera kuti “wakaburukira Kapernaume.” (Ruka 4:30, 31) Zvamazvirokwazvo, Kapernaume, iri paGungwa reGarirea, iri pakaderera zvikuru.

Udzame ihwohwu nohumwe hwakawanda hwakaparira vamwe kunze kwaNapoléon kutaura kushamiswa nokururama kwomugariro wapasi weBhaibheri. “Nongedzero [dzeBhaibheri] kumativi apasi dzakawanda zvikuru, uye dzinogutsa chose chose,” akanyora kudaro Thomson muThe Land and the Book. “Hakubviri kusaororwa nebvumirano yenguva dzose pakati penhau yakanyorwa nomugariro wapasi womusikirwo yedzose dziri mbiri Testamente Yekare neItsva,” anotsinhira kudaro Stanley muSinai and Palestine.

Kururama kunoshamisa kweBhaibheri pamusoro pezvinhu zvomugariro wapasi hufakazi humwe chete hwokuti harisati riri bhuku ramavambo avanhuwo zvavo. Nyaya nhatu dzakatanga dzeNharireyomurindi dzaiva nenyaya dzinowirirana pamusoro peBhaibheri. Tinokukumbira kuwana nokufarikanya mamwe mativi matatu ari munhevedzano ino.

[Mepu iri papeji 7]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

MUPATA WEJEZREERI

Jezreeri

Nazareta

Taanaki

Megidho

Jokneami

Kedheshi

N

GUNGWA REGARIREA

GUNGWA GURU

mamaira

makiromita

5

10

10

20

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Yakavakirwa pamepu yakawanwa namaruramiro okutsikirira nePictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. neSurvey of Israel.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Israeri akagamuchira Mutemo paGomo reSinai

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.