William Whiston—Mupanduki kana kuti Nyanzvi Yakatendeseka Here?

UNGAREGA basa rako nokuda kwezvitendero zvako here? William Whiston akadaro.

Akava munhu wegakava rorudzidziso mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 18, apo asina kubvumirana neChechi yeEngland pamusoro pedzidziso dzeBhaibheri. Somuuyo, pakupedzisira akanzi mupanduki. Nzira yake nokudaro yakamunyombesa asi yakamuwanirawo ruremekedzo.

Ndiani akanga ari William Whiston? Uye akaitei?

Nyanzvi yeBhaibheri

William Whiston akanga ari shamwari inoziva yapaYunivhesiti yeCambridge yaChangamire Isaac Newton. Kana ukanzvera chinyorwa chechiNgezi chamanyoro owezvenhau wechiJudha womuzana rokutanga ramakore Flavius Josephus sezvingabvira uchave uchirava shanduro yakaitwa naWhiston muna 1736. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe shanduro dziripo, kushandura kwake kwounyanzvi, pamwe chete nezvinonyorwa zvake nenhau, kuchigere kukundwa uye kuchiri kutsikirirwa. Vakawanda vanorangarira iri bhuku kuva chikurusa chezvakaitwa naWhiston.

Risingafaniri kufuratirwa, zvisinei, iPrimitive New Testament, shanduro yaWhiston yaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Rakabudiswa muna 1745, mugore rake rechi 78. Whiston akashandura Evhangeri ina naMabasa Avaapostora kubva muCodex Bezae, tsamba dzaPauro kubva muClermont Codex, uye chikamu chasara, kubatanidza Zvakazarurwa, kubva mumanyoro eAlexandria. Akasiya nokungwarira rutivi rwenhema rwa 1 Johane 5:7. Whiston akasarudza aya manyuko matatu akare echiGiriki seakanakisisa aiwanika panguva yacho.

Kuda Bhaibheri ndiyo yakanga iri sundo inooneka yezvakaita Whiston. Kwakanga kwakapararira muzuva rake kwakanga kuri kudavira kuvapo kwaMwari, dzidziso yokuti mufungo woga hwaro hwakasimba hwokutenda Mwari. Mukuwirirana nebhuku rinonzi William Whiston—Honest Newtonian, akatsigira zvakasimba “murangariro wovezvamagamuchidzanwa wokuti Bhaibheri ndiwo manyuko mamwe asingakanganisi enhau yakare.” Shoko rokuti “Newtonian” pano inongedzero kuna Isaac Newton, anozivikanwa zvikurusa nokuda kwePrincipia yake, umo akatsanangura mutemo wokukwevera zvinhu pasi wechisiko chose. Kufunga kwaNewton kwakava netapuro huru pana William Whiston. Seiko?

Hunhu Hwakasiana

William Whiston akaberekwa muna 1667, mwanakomana womufundisi weChechi yeEngland. Pashure pokugadzwa muna 1693, akadzokera kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge kuti afunde nhamba ndokuva mubatsiri kuna Newton. Batano huru yakatanga pakati pavo. Apo Newton akasiya nzvimbo yake saPurofesa weNhamba weLucasia anenge makore matatu gare gare, akava nechokwadi chokuti Whiston akagadzwa panzvimbo yake. Achironda basa rake, Whiston akadzidzisa unyanzvi hwokunzvera nyeredzi nenhamba, asi pesvedzero yaNewton yakamusundawo kuva nefariro huru zvikuru mukuverenga nguva kweBhaibheri nedzidziso.

Newton akanga ari munhu worudzidziso. Somutendi akazvipira muMireniyumu yeBhaibheri, akanyora zvikuru pamusoro pouporofita hwaDhanieri naZvakazarurwa. Zvisinei, hakutongorina api naapi aaya manyoro akabudiswa mukati menduramo yake. Akaramba dzidziso yoUtatu. Asi apo kwakauya kukubudisa ufakazi hwake mukurwisana noUtatu, “Newton akarega achitya kuti mirangariro yake inorwisana noUtatu yaizozivikanwa,” inodaro The New Encyclopædia Britannica. F. E. Manuel anokutaura neiyi nzira muIsaac Newton, Historian: “Boka raNewton raichengeta mifungo yaro yakavanzika kana kuti zvimwe raiganhurira mbavarira yavo. . . . Apo Newton akanga achivanza Whiston aitaura pachena.” Varume vaviri nokudaro vakanga vane hunhu hwakasiana.

Kudzingwa

Muna July 1708, Whiston akanyorera vanabhishopi vakuru vezvose zviri zviviri Canterbury neYork, achikurudzira kuchinjwa kwedzidziso yeChechi yeEngland nemhaka yedzidziso yenhema yoUtatu seinoratidzirwa muChitendero cheAthanasia. Nenzira inonzwisisika, akapiwa zano kuti ave anongwarira. Bva Whiston akapfuurira. “Ndakasanofunda aya mapfundo,” iye akadaro, “uye ndinopwiswa zvakakwana kuti chechi yechiKristu yakanyengerwa kwenguva refu uye zvikuru maari; uye, kupfurikidza nechikomborero chaMwari, kana ndichikwanisa, haisati ichizonyengerwazve.”

Newton aityira nzvimbo yake yomunzanga neyedzidzo. Whiston, pane rumwe rutivi, haana. Aumba zvitendero zvake zvinorwisana noUtatu, akanyora magazini achipa mirangariro yake. Asi muna August 1708, Yunivhesiti yeCambridge yakaramba kupa Whiston rezinesi yokutsikirira aya mashoko, sezvo airangarirwa kuva asingagamuchirwi.

Muna 1710, Whiston akapomerwa kudzidzisa dzidziso inopesana nechitendero cheChechi yeEngland. Akawanwa ane mhaka, akanyimwa kuva kwake purofesa, uye akadzingwa paCambridge. Zvisinei, pasinei zvapo nemhaka dzapamutemo mukurwisana naye, idzo dzakapfuurira anodokusvika mamwe makore mashanu, Whiston haana kutongowanwa ane mhaka yokupanduka.

Kunyange zvazvo mirangariro yake inorwisana noUtatu yakanga ichiwirirana neyaWhiston, Newton haana kutaura achitsigira shamwari yake pakupedzisira ndokumudzinga. Muna 1754, unyanzvi hwaNewton hweBhaibheri hunofumura Utatu pakupedzisira hwakabudiswa—makore 27 pashure porufu rwake. Asi ikoko kwakanga kwave kunyanyononoka kuti kuve kwebetsero ipi neipi kuna Whiston, uyo akanga afa makore maviri pamberi pezvi.

Newton anorangarirwawo kuva akasakisa kudzivisa Whiston muRoyal Society ine mbiri. Asi Whiston haana kuodzwa mwoyo. Iye nemhuri yake vakatamira kuLondon, uko akavamba Society for Promoting Primitive Christianity. Akashandisa masimba ake ose mukunyora, bhuku rake rinokosha zvikurusa kusvikira panguva iyoyo richiva mavhoriyamu mana ePrimitive Christianity Revived.

Ane Nharo Kusvikira Kumugumo

Somusayendisiti, Whiston akashanda panzira dzakasiana-siana dzokuti vachairi vezvikepe vazive daro vari mugungwa. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzake dzisina kugamuchirwa, kupfuurira kwake pakupedzisira kwakatungamirira kukutangwa kwewachi yomugungwa. Kunyange zvazvo yakawanda yemirangariro yaWhiston pamusoro pouporofita hweBhaibheri, kufanana neiyo yavakararama panguva imwe cheteyo naye, yakabvumikisa kuva isina kururama, akaedza zvose mukutsvaka kwake zvokwadi. Maturakiti ake pamusoro pokutenderera kwemacomet nefungidziro dzake pamusoro pemiuyo yeBoporodzi rezuva raNoa zviri pakati pezvakawanda zvaakanyora kudzivirira zvose zviri zviviri zvokwadi yesayenzi neyeBhaibheri. Anopfuura mamwe manyoro ake, zvisinei, ndeayo anofumura dzidziso yoUtatu seisati iri yapaMagwaro.

Somuitiro wake, Whiston akasiya Chechi yeEngland muna 1747. Akaita saizvozvo, zvose zviri zviviri nenzira chaiyoiyo uye nenzira yokufananidzira, apo akabuda muchechi sezvo mufundisi akavamba kurava Chitendero chaAthanasia. A Religious Encyclopædia inoti nezvaWhiston: “Munhu anofanira kuyemura kutendeseka nouzvokwadi zvoushingi zvohunhu hwake, kuwirirana kwoupenyu hwake, uye kururama kwomufambiro wake.”

Nokuda kwaWilliam Whiston, zvokwadi yaisagona kubvumiraniswa pane zvisina kufanira, uye kupwiswa kwomunhu oga kwakanga kuchikosha zvikuru kupfuura tendero nerumbidzo zvavanhu. Kunyange zvazvo akanga ane nharo, Whiston akanga ari nyanzvi yakatendeseka iyo yakatsigira nenzira yokusatya Bhaibheri seShoko raMwari.—2 Timotio 3:16, 17.

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

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