Makore Enhamburiko Dzakavhiringidzwa
“ISU VANHU VECHIBATANWA CHAMARUDZI TAKASARUDZA KUPONESA zvizvarwa zvinotevera panhamo yehondo, iyo kaviri munduramo yedu yakaunza kusuruvara kusingatauriki kurudzi rwomunhu, uye kusimbisazve kutenda mukodzero huru dzomunhu, muchiremera nokufanira kwounhu hwemunhu, mukodzero dzakaenzana dzavarume navakadzi uye dzamarudzi makuru namaduku, . . .”—Sumo kuchata yeChibatanwa chaMarudzi.
OCTOBER 24, 1995, anotara kuchengeta musi wegore negore wechi50 weChibatanwa chaMarudzi. Mitezo yose iripo zvino 184 yakazvipira kunheyo nenharidzano zvapakuvamba zvesangano racho sezvakaratidzirwa muchata iyoyo: Kuchengeta rugare nechengeteko zvenyika yose; kudzivisa zviito zvokumukira izvo zvinotyisidzira rugare rwenyika; kukurudzira ukama hwoushamwari pakati pamarudzi; kudzivirira rusununguko runokosha rwavanhu vose pasina kusarura kwakavakirwa padzinza, kuva murume kana kuti mukadzi, mutauro, kana kuti rudzidziso; uye kuwana batira pamwe yenyika dzose mukupedza zvinetso zvemari, zvenzanga, uye zvetsika.
Kwamakore 50 sangano reChibatanwa chaMarudzi rakaita nhamburiko dzinocherekedzeka dzokuparira rugare nechengeteko zvenyika. Nenzira inopwisa, ringave rakadzivisa hondo yenyika yechitatu, uye kuparadzwa pamwero mukuru kwoupenyu hwavanhu kupfurikidza nokushandiswa kwemabhomba enyukireya hakuna kudzokororwa. Chibatanwa chaMarudzi chakagovera mamiriyoni avana zvokudya nemishonga. Chakaparira mipimo yakavandudzwa youtano munyika dzakawanda, chichigovera pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mvura yokunwa isina ngozi zvikuru uye kudzivirirwa pazvirwere zvine ngozi. Mamiriyoni avapoteri akagamuchira betsero yomutsa.
Mukucherekedzwa kwezviitwa zvacho, sangano reChibatanwa chaMarudzi rakapiwa Mubayiro weNobel weRugare kashanu. Bva, idi roupenyu rinosuruvarisa ndiro rokuti tichiri kugara munyika kwete isina hondo.
Rugare Nechengeteko—Nharidzano Dzisina Kusvikwa
Pashure pamakore 50 enhamburiko, rugare nechengeteko zvichindoveri nharidzano dzisina kusvikwa. Muhurukuro yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kuGeneral Assembly yeChibatanwa chaMarudzi, purezidhendi weUnited States akaratidzira kuvhiringidzika kwake kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti “zana rino ramakore rakazara kwazvo netariro nomukana uye budiriro ravewo riri rokuparadza kukuru nokupera mwoyo.”
Sezvo 1994 akapera, The New York Times yakati: “Anenge makore 150 ehondo kana kuti rwisano ari kupfuurira maari zviuru zvavanhu zviri kufa—vakawanda vasati vari varwi kupfuura varwi kungofungidzira zvikurusa—uye mazana ezviuru ari kuva vapoteri.” Bato reChibatanwa chaMarudzi rePublic Information rakashuma kuti kuvambira muna 1945 vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 20 vakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo somugumisiro werwisano. Mumiriri weUnited States kuChibatanwa chaMarudzi, Madeleine Albright, akataura kuti “rwisano dzomunharaunda zvino dzava dzine utsinye zvikuru munzira dzakawanda.” Kukanganiswa kwekodzero dzavanhu norusaruro zvinooneka munhau pahwaro hwezuva nezuva. Marudzi akawanda anoratidzika kushivirira panzvimbo pokushamwaridzana.
Sir David Hannay, mumiriri weBritain kuChibatanwa chaMarudzi, akabvuma kuti “Chibatanwa chaMarudzi chave chiri, kusvikira kuma1980, chinodokuva kukundikana kunoremekedzwa.” Munyori mukuru weChibatanwa chaMarudzi, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, akachema kuti kune kusakendenga kunowedzera nokuneta pakati peHurumende dziri mitezo apo kunouya kukuita mabasa okuchengetedza rugare. Akagumisa kuti kune yakawanda yemitezo, “Chibatanwa chaMarudzi handicho chinokosha zvikurusa kuva pokutanga.”
Pesvedzero Yezvinobudisa Nhau
Kunyange zvazvo Chibatanwa chaMarudzi chingaratidzika kuva chine simba zvikuru, nhamburiko dzacho dzinowanzokurirwa nezvamatongerwo enyika nezvinobudisa nhau. Chibatanwa chaMarudzi hachina simba kana chikashayiwa tsigiro yemitezo yacho. Asi pasina tendero yavose, mitezo yakawanda yeUN haisati ichizotsigira Chibatanwa chaMarudzi. Somuenzaniso, maererano neThe Wall Street Journal, “kukundikana kunoshamisa muSomalia neBosnia kwakapesvedzera vaAmerica vakawanda kuti sangano racho harisati richingopambadza chete, asi zvomenemene rine ngozi.” Ichi chimiro chendangariro chavose, chakapesvedzerawo vamwe vezvamatongerwo enyika veAmerica kukarakadza kuderedza tsigiro yemari yeUnited States kuChibatanwa chaMarudzi.
Masangano enhau haasati achizengurira apo kunouya kukutsoropodza zvikuru Chibatanwa chaMarudzi. Mashoko akadai “kusakwanirisa chose chose,” “mutoro,” “kusakwanisa,” uye “hachina simba” akashandiswa zvisina kuganhurirwa pakurondedzera mativi akasiyana-siyana emabasa eUN. The Washington Post National Weekly Edition nguva pfupi yapfuura yakataura kuti “Chibatanwa chaMarudzi chinoramba chiri boka rapamutemo rinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma riri kutamburira kuwirirana nenyika chaiyo.
Rimwe pepanhau rakanokora mashoko oMunyori Mukuru Boutros Boutros-Ghali seaitaura kuvhiringidzwa kwake nokupondwa kwavakawanda muRwanda. Iye akati: “Kukundikana kwete bedzi kweChibatanwa chaMarudzi; kukundikana kwenzanga yenyika yose. Uye tose zvedu tine mutoro nokuda kwouku kukundikana.” Dzimwe nhau dzapaterevhizheni yakakurumbira muna 1993 dzakataura kuti Chibatanwa chaMarudzi “chakundikana kumisa tyisidziro hurusa kurugare—kuparadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya.” Purogiramu yacho yeTV yakataura nezveChibatanwa chaMarudzi “kuti kwamakumi amakore chave chichitaura mashoko anofadza bedzi.”
Uku kunzwa kwokuodzwa mwoyo kwakapararira kunotambudza zvikuru ndangariro dzavakuru vakuru veChibatanwa chaMarudzi uye kunowedzera kukuvhiringidzika kwavo. Bva, pasinei zvapo nevhiringidziko, pakuchengeta musi wegore negore kwechi50 kweChibatanwa chaMarudzi, vakawanda vanoratidzika kuva netariro itsva uye vari kukarira mavambo matsva. Kunyange zvazvo achibvuma mhosho dzeChibatanwa chaMarudzi, Mumiririri Albright akadzokorora mirangariro yavakawanda apo akati: “Tinofanira kurega kutaura zvatakaita munguva yakapfuura, uye tinofanira kutaura pamusoro pezvatichaita munguva yemberi.”
Nyika iri kuenda kupi? Kuchazombova nenyika isina hondo here? Kana zvakadaro, ibasai richaitwa neChibatanwa chaMarudzi mairi? Uyezve, kana uchitya Mwari, unofanira kubvunza kuti, ‘Ibasai richaitwa naMwari mairi?’
[Bhokisi riri papeji 4]
NHAMBURIKO DZAKAVHIRINGIDZWA
Rugare nechengeteko hazvigoni kuvapo chero bedzi pane hondo, urombo, utsotsi, uye ushati. Chibatanwa chaMarudzi nguva pfupi yapfuura chakaburitsa nhamba dzinotevera.
Hondo: “Parwisano dzinokwana 82 dzapakati pa1989 na1992, 79 dzakanga dziri dzomukati, dzakawanda dzaiva dzokurwisana kwamadzinza; 90 muzana yevakafa yaiva yavasati vari varwi.”—United Nations Department of Public Information (UNDPI)
Zvombo: “ICRC [International Committee of the Red Cross] inokarakadza vagadziri vezvinhu vanopfuura 95 munyika 48 vari kugadzira pakati pemamiriyoni 5 kusvika ku10 ezvimbambaira zvokurwisa vanhu gore rimwe nerimwe.”—United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
“MuAfrica, mune zvimbambaira zvinenge mamiriyoni 30 zvakapararira munyika dzinopfuura 18.”—UNHCR
Urombo: “Munyika yose, mumwe muvanhu vashanu vari vose—vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe pamwe chete—vanorarama pasi pounonzi mwero wourombo, uye mamiriyoni anofungidzirwa kuva 13 kusvikira ku18 anofa gore negore nezvisakiso zvine chokuita nourombo.”—UNDPI
Utsotsi: “Utsotsi hunoshumwa hwawedzera paavhareji yenyika yose ye5 muzana gore rimwe nerimwe kubvira muma1980; muUSA moga, mune utsotsi hunosvika mamiriyoni 35 hunoitwa gore negore.”—UNDPI
Ushati: “Ushati hwavose huri kuva chinhu chinozivikanwa. Mune dzimwe nyika unyengeri mune zvemari hunofungidzirwa kupedza inoenzana ne10 muzana yezvinogadzirwa zvomunyika zvegore rose.”—UNDPI