VaKristu Vokutanga Munyika Yaitaura chiGiriki

NYIKA dzakawanda dzakaparidzirwa nevaKristu vomuzana remakore rokutanga dzaitaura chiGiriki. Magwaro avaishandisa kutsigira mashoko aitaura nezvaJesu aiva muchiGiriki. Vanyori pavakafuridzirwa kunyora magwaro akazonzi Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, vazhinji vavo vakanyora nechiGiriki, vachishandisa mashoko nemifananidzo yaiva nyore kunzwisiswa nevanhu vaiziva tsika dzechiGiriki. Asi Jesu, kunyange vaapostora vake kana vanyori veMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, vakanga vasiri vaGiriki. Vose vaiva vaJudha.—VaRoma 3:1, 2.

Mutauro wechiGiriki wakasvika sei pakushandiswa zvikuru pakuparadzirwa kwechiKristu? Vanyori vechiKristu vomuzana remakore rokutanga nemamishinari vaitaura sei shoko ravo nenzira yaifadza vanhu vaitaura chiGiriki? Uye nei tichifanira kufarira nguva iyi yekare?

Kupararira Kwetsika DzechiGiriki

Muzana remakore rechina B.C.E., Alexander Mukuru akakunda Umambo hwePezhiya ndokutanga kukunda nyika dzakawanda. Kuti abatanidze umambo hwaaikunda, iye nemadzimambo akazomutevera vaikurudzira kuti vanhu vomunyika dzacho vatevedzere tsika nomutauro zvechiGiriki.

Kunyange pashure pokunge Roma yakunda Girisi ndokuitorera simba mune zvematongerwe enyika, vanhu vainge vakavakidzana neGirisi vakaramba vachishandisa tsika dzechiGiriki. Muzana remakore rechipiri uye rokutanga B.C.E., vaRoma vepamusoro vaifarira kuti zvinhu zvose, zvakadai sokunyora mabhuku, mifananidzo, mapurani, uye dzidziso dzavo zviitwe muchiGiriki—zvakazoita kuti mudetembi anonzi Horace ataure kuti: “Kunyange zvazvo Girisi yakatapwa, vakaitapa vacho vaiita sokuti ndivo vakatapwa, nokuti vaida tsika dzechiGiriki.”

VaRoma pavaitonga, maguta anokosha aiva muAsia Minor, Siriya, uye Ijipiti akabudirira pakuva nzvimbo dzakanga dzakakurumbira tsika dzechiGiriki. Mararamiro echiGiriki akaita kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvichinje muupenyu hwevanhu, izvi zvaisanganisira muhurumende, mumitemo, mune zvokutengeserana, mumaindasitiri, uye kunyange muzvipfeko. Mumaguta akawanda echiGiriki maiva nedzimba dzakawanda dzokurovedza muviri, kwainorovedza majaya miviri, uye dzimba dzemitambo dzaiitirwa mitambo yechiGiriki.

Mumwe munyori wezvakaitika kare anonzi Emil Schürer akati, “Chokwadi vaJudha vakatevedzerawo tsika dzechiGiriki zvishoma nezvishoma.” Pakutanga, kushingaira kwaiita vaJudha pakunamata kwavo kwakaita kuti vakwanise kuramba chitendero chechihedheni chakabva mutsika dzechiGiriki, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu hwavo zvakazochinja. Schürer anoti, “Nzvimbo duku yaigara vaJudha yakanga yakapoteredzwa nevaGiriki vavaitengeserana navo saka vaitofanira kugara vachingoonana navo.”

Kubatsira Kwakaita Septuagint

Sezvo vaJudha vakawanda vaitama vachinogara mudunhu reMediterranean, vakazviona vava kugara mumaguta aiitwa tsika dzechiGiriki, aitaurwa chiGiriki. Vagari ivavo vakaramba vachitevedzera chitendero chavo chechiJudha uye vaitoita nzendo dzokuenda kuJerusarema kunopinda mitambo yavo yepagore yechiJudha. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda vavo vakanga vasingachagoni kutaura chiHebheru.a Saka zvakanga zvava kukosha kuti Magwaro echiHebheru ashandurirwe muchiGiriki chaitaurwa nevanhu vakawanda. Nyanzvi dzechiJudha, dzingave dzaiva muArekizandriya kuIjipiti, waiva muzinda wetsika dzechiGiriki, dzakatanga basa racho munenge muna 280 B.C.E. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti pave neSeptuagint.

Septuagint yave ichikosha zvikuru. Ndiyo yakaita kuti vanhu vari munyika dziri kumadokero vawane mashoko anokosha ari muMagwaro echiHebheru. Kudai pasina Septuagint, vanhu vashoma ndivo vaizonzwisisa zvakaitwa naMwari kuvaIsraeri sezvo zvainge zvakanyorwa mumutauro wakanga usingashandiswi nevanhu vakawanda, uye hazvaizonyanya kubatsira basa rokuparidzira munyika yose. Kutaura chokwadi, Septuagint yakabatsira kuti vanhu vanzwisise, vawane pfungwa, uye mutauro waizoita kuti vanhu vanobva mutsika dzakasiyana-siyana vazive nezvaJehovha Mwari. Sezvo mutauro wechiGiriki waishandiswa nevanhu vakawanda, izvi zvakaita kuti uve iwo waikodzera kushandiswa pakuparidza chokwadi nezvaMwari.

Vanhu Vakanga Vatendeukira kuchiJudha Nevaitya Mwari

Pakazosvika zana remakore rechipiri B.C.E., vaJudha vakanga vashandura mabhuku avo akawanda mumutauro wechiGiriki uye vaitonyora matsva nomutauro iwoyo. Izvi zvakabatsira chaizvo kuita kuti nhoroondo yevaIsraeri nechitendero chavo zvizivikanwe neVemamwe Marudzi. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoti munguva iyi, vanhu vakawanda Vemamwe Marudzi “vakanga vava kuitawo zvaiitwa nevaJudha, vachinamata navo, uye dzimwe nguva vainyatsochengeta mitemo yechiJudha.”—The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ.

Vamwe vakatotendeukira kuchiJudha, vachibvuma kudzingiswa. Vamwe havana kutendeuka asi vane zvavaitevedzera zvechitendero chechiJudha. Mumabhuku echiGiriki vanhu vakadai vaiwanzonzi “vanotya Mwari.” Koneriyasi anonzi “akanga akazvipira uye aitya Mwari.” Muapostora Pauro akasangana nevanhu vakawanda vaitya Mwari vainamata nevaJudha muAsia Minor nomuGirisi. Somuenzaniso, muAndiyoki yokuPisidhiya kune vaya vakanga vakaungana musinagogi akati, “varume, vaIsraeri nemi vamwe munotya Mwari.”—Mabasa 10:2; 13:16, 26; 17:4; 18:4.

Saka vadzidzi vaJesu pavakatanga kuparidza mashoko akanaka munzvimbo dzaiva nevaJudha dzakanga dzisiri muJudhiya, vakawanda vakanzwa mashoko aya vakanga vari vechiGiriki. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti dzidziso dzechiKristu dzipararire munzvimbo idzi. Pazvakava pachena kuti Mwari akanga ari kupa tariro yoruponeso kunyange kune vanhu Vemamwe Marudzi, vadzidzi vakaziva kuti kuna Mwari “hapana muJudha kana muGiriki.”—VaGaratiya 3:28.

Kuparidza kuvaGiriki

Pamusana pemanamatiro uye tsika dzaiva nevanhu Vemamwe Marudzi, pakutanga vamwe vaKristu vekare vechiJudha vaizeza kuti Vemamwe Marudzi vakanga vatendeuka vapinde muungano yechiKristu. Saka, pazvakava pachena kuti Mwari akanga ava kugamuchira Vemamwe Marudzi, vaapostora nevarume vakuru vaiva muJerusarema vakajekesa kuti vakanga vatendeuka vaifanira kurega ropa, ufeve, uye kunamata zvidhori. (Mabasa 15:29) Izvi zvaikosha kumunhu upi noupi aitevedzera mararamiro echiGiriki nokuti vanhu vechiGiriki nevaRoma vaiva ne“chido chinonyadzisa chokurara nomumwe munhu” uye ungochani. Maitiro akadaro akanga asingabvumirwi muchiKristu.—VaRoma 1:26, 27; 1 VaKorinde 6:9, 10.

Pamamishinari omuzana remakore rokutanga akaparidzira vaGiriki, hapana aizivikanwa zvikuru kupfuura muapostora Pauro. Nanhasi, vanhu vanoshanya kuAtene yokuGirisi, vanogona kuona pamukova peAreyopago chikwangwani chebhuronzi chokurangarira mharidzo yakakurumbira yaPauro yaakapa muguta iroro. Nyaya yacho iri muchitsauko 17 chebhuku riri muBhaibheri rinonzi Mabasa. Mashoko ake okusuma okuti, “Vanhu vomuAtene,” ndiwo aishandiswa zvikuru nevanhu vaigona kutaura paruzhinji zvokuti vakabva vamupa nzeve, vateereri vacho vaisanganisira vazivi vechiEpikuro nevechiStoiki. Pane kuti aratidze kuti akanga atsamwa kana kushora zvaitendwa nevakanga vakamuteerera, Pauro akataura zvinhu zvavaibvumirana achivaonga kuti vanhu vaida zvokunamata. Akataura nezveatari yavo yaive yakanzi “Kuna Mwari Asingazivikanwi” uye akataura zvavaifarira achivaudza kuti aida kukurukura navo nezvaMwari iyeye.—Mabasa 17:16-23.

Pauro akabaya mwoyo yevateereri vake nokuti akataura pfungwa dzavaigona kugamuchira. VaStoiki vaigona kubvumirana naye kuti Mwari ndiye anopa vanhu upenyu, kuti vanhu vose vakabva kumunhu mumwe chete, kuti Mwari haasi kure nesu, uye kuti upenyu hwevanhu hunotsigirwa naMwari. Pauro akatsigira pfungwa yokupedzisira iyi paakataura mashoko evadetembi vechiStoiki Aratus (Phaenomena) naCleanthes (Hymn to Zeus). VaEpikuro vaibvumiranawo nezvaitaurwa naPauro, kuti Mwari mupenyu uye anogona kuzivikanwa. Anozvitsigira, haana rubatsiro rwaanoda kubva kuvanhu, uye haagari mutemberi dzakagadzirwa nevanhu.

Vanhu vaiva vakateerera Pauro vainzwisisa mashoko aaishandisa. Chokwadi, maererano nerimwe bhuku, mashoko okuti “nyika (kosmos),” “vana,” uye “Mwari” aishandiswa zvikuru nevazivi vechiGiriki. (Mabasa 17:24-29) Pauro akanga asingadi kuchinja chokwadi kuti avatendeutse. Asi, mashoko ake okupedzisira nezverumuko uye kutongwa aipesana nezvavaidavira. Kunyange zvakadaro, akashandisa unyanzvi pane zvaakataura uye matauriro aakazviita kuti abaye mwoyo yevanhu vaitova nezvavaidavira.

Tsamba dzakawanda dzaPauro dzakanyorerwa ungano dzaiva mumaguta echiGiriki kana kuti aiva pasi peRoma akanga akazara tsika dzechiGiriki. Tsamba idzi dzaiva dzakanyorwa muchiGiriki chakanaka uye chakapfuma, dzaiva nepfungwa uye mienzaniso yaizivikanwa zvikuru mutsika dzechiGiriki. Pauro anotaura nezvemitambo yokumhanya, mubayiro weainge akunda, muperekedzi aienda nomukomana kuchikoro, uye mimwe mienzaniso yakawanda yemararamiro echiGiriki. (1 VaKorinde 9:24-27; VaGaratiya 3:24, 25) Kunyange zvazvo Pauro aida kushandisa mashoko echiGiriki, akaramba zvachose tsika uye chitendero zvechiGiriki.

Kuva Zvinhu Zvose Kuvanhu Vemarudzi Ose

Muapostora Pauro akaona kuti, kuti aparidzire mashoko akanaka kune vamwe, aifanira ‘kuva zvinhu zvose kuvanhu vemarudzi ose.’ Akanyora kuti, “KuvaJudha ndakava somuJudha, kuti ndiwane vaJudha,” uye kuvaGiriki akava somuGiriki, kuti avabatsire kunzwisisa zvinangwa zvaMwari. Zviri pachena kuti Pauro ndiye ainyatsokwanisa kuti aite izvozvo, sezvo aiva muJudha aigara muguta raiva rakazara tsika dzechiGiriki. Nhasi vaKristu vose vanofanira kuita zvakafanana.—1 VaKorinde 9:20-23.

Iye zvino mamiriyoni evanhu ari kutamira kune dzimwe nyika, achienda kunzvimbo dzine tsika dzakasiyana nedzawo. Izvi zvinopa vaKristu basa rakakura, nokuti vanoda kuparidzira mashoko akanaka oUmambo hwaMwari uye kuteerera murayiro waJesu wokuti “vanhu vemarudzi ose vave vadzidzi.” (Mateu 24:14; 28:19) Nguva nenguva vanoona kuti kana vanhu vachinzwa mashoko akanaka mururimi rwaamai, vanobayiwa mwoyo uye vanoteerera.

Ndosaka magazini ino, Nharireyomurindi Yokuzivisa Umambo hwaJehovha, ichibudiswa mwedzi nomwedzi mumitauro 169, uye imwe magazini, Mukai!, mumitauro 81. Uyewo, kuti zviparidzire mashoko akanaka kuvanhu vanenge vatamira kwazvinogara, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakawanda zvinoedza kudzidza mitauro mitsva, kusanganisira iya yakaoma yakadai sechiArabhu, chiChina uye chiRussia. Chinangwa chazvo chakafanana nechomuzana remakore rokutanga. Muapostora Pauro akatsanangura zvakanaka paakati: “Ndakava zvinhu zvose kuvanhu vemarudzi ose, kuti ndiponese vamwe nenzira dzose.”—1 VaKorinde 9:22.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mepu iri papeji 18]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Roma

GIRISI

Atene

EZHIYA

Andiyoki (yokuPisidhiya)

KIRIKIA

SIRIYA

JUDHIYA

Jerusarema

IJIPITI

Arekizandriya

Kurini

GUNGWA REMEDITERRANEAN

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 19]

“Septuagint” yakabatsira kuti vanhu vanzwisise nezvaJehovha muzana remakore rokutanga.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Israel Antiquities Authority

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Chikwangwani chiri kuAreyopago chokurangarira mharidzo yaPauro