Fundo Pamusoro paMagwaro Akafuridzirwa Nemamirire Awo Ezvinhu Ekare
Fundo Nhamba 10—Bhaibheri—Rakavimbika uye Nderechokwadi
Kukurukura kweBhaibheri nhau, jogirafi, uye mavambo omunhu; ururami hwaro pamusoro pesayenzi, tsika, uye miitiro; kutendeseka, tsinhirano, uye uchokwadi hwavanyori varo; uye uporofita hwaro.
1. (a) Bhaibheri rinogamuchirwa kazhinji kazhinji sechii? (b) Ndechipi chiri chikonzero chikuru chokutanhamara kweBhaibheri?
BHAIBHERI kazhinji kazhinji rinogamuchirwa sebhuku guru rakanyorwa nounyanzvi rerunako rukurusa rwokudetemba uye chakaitwa chinoshamisa chavanhu vakanga vari vanyori varo. Asi rinopfuura izvozvo zvikuru. Vanyori vamene vakapupurira kuti zvavakanyora zvakabva kuna Jehovha, Mwari wamasimba ose amene. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chokutaura kwakanaka kweBhaibheri uye, chinokosha zvikuru, ukoshi hwaro hwakaisvonaka sebhuku rezivo inopa upenyu nouchenjeri. Jesu, Mwanakomana waMwari, akapupurira kuti mashoko aakataura “ndiwo mweya noupenyu,” uye akanokora mashoko kakawanda muMagwaro akare echiHebheru. “Rugwaro rwose rwakafuridzirwa naMwari,” akadaro muapostora Pauro, uyo akataura nezveMagwaro echiHebheru se“mashoko aMwari.”—Joh. 6:63; 2 Tim. 3:16, NW; VaR. 3:1, 2.
2, 3. Vanyori veBhaibheri vakapupurira sei kufuridzirwa kwaro?
2 Muapostora Petro akapupurira kuti vaporofita vaMwari vakasundwa nomudzimu mutsvene. Mambo Dhavhidhi akanyora, kuti: “Mweya waJehovha wakataura mukati mangu, shoko rake rakanga riri parurimi rwangu.” (2 Sam. 23:2) Vaporofita vakati mashoko avo ndeaJehovha. Mosesi akanyevera pamusoro pokuita wedzero ipi neipi kana kuti kubvisa pamashoko anoyera aakapiwa naJehovha. Petro akarangarira manyoro aPauro seakafuridzirwa, uye Judhasi sezviri pachena akanokora mashoko kutaura kwaPetro sechiremera chakafuridzirwa. Pakupedzisira, Johane, munyori webhuku raZvakazarurwa, akanyora sezvo akatungamirirwa nomudzimu waMwari uye akanyevera kuti munhu upi noupi anowedzera kana kuti kubvisa paichi chizaruro chouporofita aizozvidavirira, kwete kumunhu, asi zvakananga kuna Mwari.—1 Pet. 1:10-12; 2 Pet. 1:19-21; Dheut. 4:2; 2 Pet. 3:15, 16; Jud. 17, 18; Zvak. 1:1, 10; 21:5; 22:18, 19.
3 Ava varanda vakazvipira vaMwari vose vakapupurira kuti Bhaibheri rakafuridzirwa uye nderechokwadi. Kune zvimwe zvibvumikiso zvakawanda zvouchokwadi hweMagwaro Matsvene, zvimwe zvazvo izvo tichakurukura pasi pemisoro 12 inotevera.
4. Mabhuku aMagwaro echiHebheru airangarirwa sei nguva dzose navaJudha?
4 (1) Ururami Hwenhau. Kubvira munguva dzapakuvamba zvikurusa, mabhuku omundaza yamanyoro matsvene aMagwaro echiHebheru akagamuchirwa navaJudha seakafuridzirwa uye samagwaro akavimbika chose chose. Nokudaro, munguva yaDhavhidhi, zviitiko zvakanyorwa kubvira pana Genesi kusvikira kuna Samueri Wokutanga zvakagamuchirwa zvizere senhau yechokwadi yorudzi rwacho nekubata kwaMwari navo, uye ikoku kunoratidzirwa nePisarema rechi78, iro rinonongedzera kuhunopfuura 35 hwoudzame ihwohwu.
5. Vanyori vakare vakapupurirei pamusoro paMosesi nebumbiro roMutemo ravaJudha?
5 Vashori veBhaibheri vakadenha zvakasimba Pentateuch, zvikurukuru pamusoro poururami nokunyorwa. Zvisinei, kukugamuchira kwavaJudha Mosesi somunyori wePentateuch kungawedzera chipupuriro chavanyori vakare, vamwe vavo vaiva vavengi vavaJudha. Hecataeus weAbdera, wezvenhau weEgipita Manetho, Lysimachus weAlexandria, Eupolemus, Tacitus, uye Juvenal vose vanoti Mosesi ndiye akavamba bumbiro remitemo rinotsauranisa vaJudha namamwe marudzi, uye voruzhinji vanotsinhira nenzira yakatsaukana kuti iye akanyora mirayiro yake. Numenius, muzivi wePythagoras, anotodudza Jane naJambre sevaprista veEgipita avo vakashora Mosesi. (2 Tim. 3:8) Ava vanyori vanofukidza nhambo inobvira panguva yaAlexander (zana ramakore rechina B.C.E.), apo vaGiriki vakatanga kuva vanoda kuziva pamusoro penhau yechiJudha, kusvikira kuiyo yaMambo Aurelian (zana ramakore rechitatu C.E.). Vamwe vanyori vakare vakawanda vanodudza Mosesi somutungamiriri, mutongi, kana kuti mupi wemitemo.a Sezvataona kubva mufundo yapfuura, zviwanwa zvesayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo kazhinji kazhinji zvinotsigira ururami hwenhau hwezviitiko zvakanyorwa muBhaibheri umo vanhu vaMwari vakava vanobatanidzwa namarudzi akapoteredza.
6. Chipupuriroi chinotsigira ururami hwenhau hweMagwaro echiGiriki?
6 Asi zvakadiniko naMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki? Haasimbisi bedzi nhoroondo yeMagwaro echiHebheru asi iwo amene anobvumikiswa kuva akarurama mune zvenhau pamwe chete neechokwadi uye okufuridzirwa kwakaenzana naMagwaro echiHebheru. Vanyori vanozivisa kwatiri zvavakanzwa nokuona, nokuti vakanga vari zvapupu zvakaona uye kazhinji kazhinji vatori rutivi muzviitiko zvimene zvavakanyora. Vaidavirwa nezviuru zvevakararama panguva imwe cheteyo navo. Chipupuriro chavo chinowana simbiso huru munongedzero dzinoitwa navanyori vakare, pakati pavo pana Juvenal, Tacitus, Seneca, Suetonius, Pliny Muduku, Lucian, Celsus, uye wezvenhau wechiJudha Josephus.
7. (a) Chibvumikisoi icho S. A. Allibone anopa pamusoro pokutaura kukuru kweBhaibheri kuti nderechokwadi? (b) Chii chaanotaura kuti hachina kururama naavo vanoramba ufakazi hwacho?
7 Achinyora muThe Union Bible Companion, S. Austin Allibone anoti: “Sir Isaac Newton . . . akanga akatanhamarawo somuongorori wamanyoro akare, uye akanzvera nengwariro huru Magwaro Matsvene. Chii chiri kugumisa kwake papfundo rino? ‘Ndinowana,’ iye anodaro, ‘zviratidzo zvechokwadi zvikuru zvouchokwadi muTestamente Itsva kupfuura munhau ipi neipi isitongori yezvorudzidziso [yenyika].’ Dr. Johnson anotaura kuti tine ufakazi hwakawanda hwokuti Jesu Kristu akafa paKarivhari, sezvinotaurwa muEvhangeri, kupfuura hwatinahwo hwokuti Julius Caesar akafira muCapitol. Tine, zvirokwazvo, hwakawanda zvikuru. Bvunza munhu upi noupi anotaura kuti anopanikira chokwadi chenhau yeEvhangeri chikonzero chaanacho chokudavira kuti Caesar akafira muCapitol, kana kuti Mambo Charlemagne akagadzwa kuva Mambo wekuMadokero naPope Leo III. muna 1800 . . . Unoziva sei kuti munhu akadai saCharles I. akamborarama, uye akagurwa musoro, uye kuti Oliver Cromwell akava mutongi panzvimbo pake? . . . Sir Isaac Newton anopiwa mbiri yokuwana mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi . . . Tinodavira kutaura kwose kunongoitwa pamusoro paava varume; uye kuti nemhaka yokuti tine ufakazi hwenhau hwezvokwadi yako. . . . Kana, pakubudiswa kwechibvumikiso seichi, vapi navapi vachingori kuramba kudavira, tinovasiya sevakashata nenzira youfuza kana kuti vasingazivi nenzira isina tariro. Tichati kudii, ipapoka, nezveavo, pasinei zvapo noufakazi hwakawanda zvino hunobudiswa hwouchokwadi hwaMagwaro Matsvene, vanozvitaurira vamene kuti havana kupwiswa? . . . Zvirokwazvo tine chikonzero chokugumisa kuti mwoyo panzvimbo pomusoro hauna kururama;—kuti havadi kudavira icho chinoninipisa rudado rwavo, uye chichavamanikidza kurarama upenyu hwakasiyana.”b
8. ChiKristu cheBhaibheri chinoratidzwa kuva chakasiyaniswa namamwe marudzidziso ose munzirai?
8 Ukuru hwechiKristu sorudzidziso rune vateveri vanonamata muzvokwadi hunosimbiswa naGeorge Rawlinson, uyo akanyora, kuti: “ChiKristu—kubatanidza imomo kuparadzirwa kweTestamente Yekare, uko kwakanga kuri danho racho rokutanga—hachisiyaniswi zvikuru muchimwe chinhu namamwe marudzidziso enyika kupfuura muchinangwa chacho kana kuti chimiro chenhau. Marudzidziso eGirisi neRoma, eEgipita, India, Persia, uye Mabvazuva kazhinji kazhinji, akanga ari masangano okufungidzira, ayo asina kutogamuchira zvakakomba hwaro hwenhau. . . . Asi zvakasiyana nerudzidziso rweBhaibheri. Imomo, kana tichitarira kuTestamente Yekare kana kuti Testamente Itsva, kukuparadzira kwechiJudha kana kuti kwechiKristu, tinowana chirongwa chedzidziso icho chakabatanidzwa namaidi; icho chinotsamira chose chose paari; icho chisingakoshi nechisina maturo pasina iwo; uye icho chingarangarirwa sechezvinangwa zvose zvinoshanda zvinosimbiswa kana chikaratidzwa kuva chakafanirwa nokugamuchira.”c
9. Enzanisira ururami hwenongedzero dzeBhaibheri dzejogirafi.
9 (2)Ururami Hwejogirafi Nehwesayenzi Yemabwe. Vanyori vakawanda vakatsinhira pamusoro poururami hunoshamisa hwerondedzero yeBhaibheri yeNyika Yakapikirwa nenyika dzakapoteredza. Somuenzaniso, mufambi wokuMabvazuva, Dr. A. P. Stanley, akati pamusoro pokufamba kwavaIsraeri murenje: “Kunyange kana nzira yavo chaiyoiyo yakanga isingazivikanwi, bva mativi echienzi enyika yacho ane zvakawanda kwazvo zvakafanana zvokuti nhau yaizova ichiri inogamuchira mienzaniso yakawanda inoshamisa. . . . Zvisipiti zvapanhambo nenhambo, uye matsime, uye turukova, zvinowirirana neziviso dze‘mvura’ dzeMara; ‘zvisipiti’ . . . zveErimi; ‘karukova’ keHorebhi; ‘tsime’ ravanasikana vaJeturo, ne‘chinwiro’ chayo kana kuti matangi, muMidhiani. Sango ndiro richiri ratinofanira kuda kuziva kubva munhau yaMosesi.”d Munhoroondo yeEgipita, ururami hwacho hunoonekwa kwete bedzi mukurondedzerwawo zvako kwenharaunda yacho—minda yayo yezviyo yakaorera, Rwizi rwayo rwaNire rune micheto ine tsanga (Gen. 41:47-49; Eks. 2:3), mvura dzaro dzinowanwa kubva mu‘nzizi, migero, madziva ane tsanga, uye mvura dzakaunganidzwa’ (Eks. 7:19), ‘miti [yayo] yoruchinda, bhari, koroni, uye sipereti’ (Eks. 9:31, 32)—asiwo mumazita nenzvimbo dzamataundi.
10. Vezvesayenzi vazvino uno vakatuswa sei mukutevera chinyorwa cheBhaibheri?
10 Rwakadaro ndirwo ruvimbiko runoiswa pachinyorwa chesayenzi yemabwe nechejogirafi chiri muBhaibheri navamwe vezvesayenzi vomuzuva razvino uno zvokuti vakaritevera senhungamiro uye vakasanotuswa. Makore akati akapfuura, mumwe wezvesayenzi yemabwe akatanhamara, Dr. Ben Tor, akashandisa rugwaro, runoti: “Nokuti Jehovha Mwari wako unokupinza munyika yakanaka, . . . nyika ine mabwe emhangura.” (Dheut. 8:7, 9) Mamaira mashomanene kubva Bheerisheba, akawana mawere makuru akazadzwa nemhangura yakasvibirika. Pano pakanga pane matani ane mamiriyoni anenge 15 emhangura yakaderera. Gare gare, mainjiniya akawana kubudira kwemhangura yakaisvonaka kune makiromita 1,5, simbi yakanaka 60 kusvikira ku65 muzana. Dr. Joseph Weitz, chiremera cheIsrael chakatanhamara pamusoro pokusimazve miti musango, akati: “Muti wokutanga uyo Abrahama akaisa muvhu reBheerishebha wakanga uri mutamariski.” “Tichitevera nhungamiro yake, makore mana apfuura takasima mamiriyoni maviri munharaunda imwe cheteyo. Abrahama akanga akarurama. Mutamariski ndomumwe wemiti mishomanene yatakawana uyo unokura kumaodzanyemba uko kunaya kwemvura kwegore negore kusingasviki mainji matanhatu.”e Bhuku rinonzi Tree and Shrub in Our Biblical Heritage, rakanyorwa naNogah Hareuveni, rinowedzera, kuti: “Kunoratidzika kuti Tateguru Abrahama havana kungosima bedzi muti upi noupi pakusvika muBeersheva. . . . Vakasarudza muti une bvute rinotonhorera zvikuru kupfuura iro remimwe miti. Uyezve, [mutamariski] unogona kutsungirira kupisa nenguva refu yokusanaya kwemvura kupfurikidza nokuendesa midzi yayo pasi pasi kuti iwane mvura yapasi pevhu. Nenzira isingashamisi, [mutamariski] wacho uchiriko kusvikira kuzuva rino munharaunda yeBeersheva.”f—Gen. 21:33.
11. Purofesa Wilson anopupurira sei pamusoro poururami hweBhaibheri?
11 Pamusoro poudzame hwakadai sokutaura kwokuverengwa kwenguva nekwemamirire apasi muBhaibheri, Purofesa R. D. Wilson anonyora muA Scientific Investigation of the Old Testament, mapeji 213-14, kuti: “Kutaura kwokuverengwa kwenguva nekwemamirire apasi kwakarurama zvikuru uye kwakavimbika kupfuura uko kunopiwa nemamwe magwaro api naapi akare; uye nhoroondo dzeupenyu hwomunhu nedzimwe dzenhau dzinotsinhirana nenzira inoshamisa noufakazi hunopiwa nemagwaro okuwedzera eBhaibheri.”
12. Maidi anokodzera sei chinyorwa cheBhaibheri chamavambo orudzi rwomunhu?
12 (3) Madzinza Nemitauro Zvorudzi Rwomunhu. Mubhuku rinonzi After Its Kind, Byron C. Nelson anoti: “Akanga ari munhu uyo akaitwa, kwete muNegro, muChina, muEurope. Vanhu vaviri avo Bhaibheri rinoziva saAdhama naEvha vakasikwa, avo kupfurikidza nomutsara wedzinza nomusiyano mhatsa yose yavanhu vari pamusoro papasi vakabva kwavari. Madzinza ose avanhu, pasinei zvapo noruvara kana kuti ukuru, imbeu imwe yomuzvarirwo. Vose vanofunga zvakafanana, vanonzwa zvakafanana, vakafanana muchimiro chomuviri, vanoroorana nenzira iri nyore, uye vanokwanisa kubereka vamwe verudzi rumwe cheterwo. Madzinza ose akabva kuvakare vavose vaviri avo vakabva vakaumbwa zvakazara noruoko rwoMusiki.”g Ichi chipupuriro chaGenesi 1:27, 28; 2:7, 20-23; 3:20; Mabasa 17:26; uye VaRoma 5:12.
13. Imwe nyanzvi yesayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo yakatii pamusoro penzvimbo yapakati apo mitauro yakare yakapararira ichibva?
13 Pamusoro penhoroondo yeBhaibheri yenzvimbo yepakati apo kupararira kwemitauro yekare kwakavamba kuchibva pairi, nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo Sir Henry Rawlinson yakataura kuti “kudai taizonzarwozvo kutungamirirwa nekusanganawo zvako kwenzira dzemutauro, uye nenzira yokuzvimirira panongedzero yose yechinyorwa chapamagwaro, tinofanira kuva tichiri kutungamirirwa kukunangidzira pamapani eShinari, senzvimbo yapakati apo mitsara yakasiyana-siyana yakapararira ichibva.”h—Gen. 11:1-9.
14. (a) Chii choga chaizotsaura Bhaibheri serakafuridzirwa naMwari? (b) Murangariroi wakarurama unopiwa muBhaibheri bedzi, uye kushanda kwawo kunotambanukira sei kurutivi rwuri rwose rwokurarama kwezuva nezuva?
14 (4) Kushanda. Kudai kwakanga kusina zvimwe zvibvumikiso zvouchokwadi zvinowanikwa, nheyo dzakarurama dzeBhaibheri nemipimo yetsika zvaizoritsauranisa sechiitwa chendangariro youmwari. Mukuwedzera, kushanda kwaro kunotambanukira kurutivi rwuri rwose rwokurarama kwezuva nezuva. Hapana rimwe bhuku rinotipa murangariro wakarurama wamavambo ezvinhu zvose, kubatanidza rudzi rwomunhu, uye wechinangwa choMusiki kupasi nomunhu. (Gen., ganh. 1; Isa. 45:18) Bhaibheri rinotiudza chikonzero nei munhu achifa uye chikonzero nei uipi huriko. (Gen., ganh. 3; VaR. 5:12; Jobho, maganh. 1, 2; Eks. 9:16) Rinoonesa mupimo wakakwirira zvikurusa weruramisiro. (Eks. 23:1, 2, 6, 7; Dheut. 19:15-21) Rinotipa zano rakarurama pamusoro pezvebhizimisi (Revh. 19:35, 36; Zvir. 20:10; 22:22, 23; Mat. 7:12); mufambiro wetsika wakachena (Revh. 20:10-16; VaG. 5:19-23; VaH. 13:4); ukama navamwe (Revh. 19:18; Zvir. 12:15; 15:1; 27:1, 2, 5, 6; 29:11; Mat. 7:12; 1 Tim. 5:1, 2); roorano (Gen. 2:22-24; Mat. 19:4, 5, 9; 1 VaK. 7:2, 9, 10, 39); ukama hwemhuri namabasa omurume, mudzimai, uye vana (Dheut. 6:4-9; Zvir. 13:24; VaEf. 5:21-33; 6:1-4; VaK. 3:18-21; 1 Pet. 3:1-6); chimiro chendangariro chakafanira kuvatongi (VaR. 13:1-10; Tito 3:1; 1 Tim. 2:1, 2; 1 Pet. 2:13, 14); basa rokutendeseka pamwe chete noukama hwatenzi nomuranda nehwomushandirwi nomushandi (VaEf. 4:28; VaK. 3:22-24; 4:1; 1 Pet. 2:18-21); songaniro dzakafanira (Zvir. 1:10-16; 5:3-11; 1 VaK. 15:33; 2 Tim. 2:22; VaH. 10:24, 25); kupedza kakavadzano (Mat. 18:15-17; VaEf. 4:26); uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotapura zvikuru upenyu hwedu hwezuva riri rose.
15. Izanoi reBhaibheri pamusoro poutano hwendangariro nehwomuviri rakaratidzwa kuva rinoshanda?
15 Bhaibheri rinogoverawo nhungamiro dzinokosha pamusoro poutano hwomuviri nohwendangariro. (Zvir. 15:17; 17:22) Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, nzvero yezvokurapa yakaratidzira kuti utano hwomuviri hwomunhu zvirokwazvo hunotapurwa nechimiro chake chendangariro. Somuenzaniso, fundo dzakaratidza kuti vanhu vasingatani kuratidzira hasha kazhinji kazhinji vane mwero mikurusa yesimba reropa. Vamwe vakashuma kuti hasha dzakaparira kunyanduka kwemwoyo, kurwadza kwomusoro, kubuda mutsotso, dzungu, kana kuti kusakwanisa kutaura. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rakatsanangura kare kare, kuti: “Mwoyo wakagadzikana ndihwo upenyu hwomuviri.”—Zvir. 14:30; enzanisa naMateo 5:9.
16. Ndokupi kuri kumwe kutaura kweBhaibheri kwechokwadi uko kunotangira zvikuru kuwanwa kwako nesayenzi?
16 (5) Ururami Hwezvesayenzi. Kunyange zvazvo Bhaibheri risiri nhoroondo pamusoro pesayenzi, apo rinotaura nhau dzezvesayenzi, rinowanwa kuva rakarurama uye rinotsinhirana nokuwana kwechokwadi kwezvesayenzi nezivo. Chinyorwa charo chenhevedzano yechisiko, kubatanidza mhuka (Gen., ganh. 1); kutenderera kwapasi, kana kuti kuurungana (Isa. 40:22); uye kurembera kwapasi muchadenga “pasina chinhu” chinotangira kuwana kwezvesayenzi kweidzi zvokwadi. (Jobho 26:7) Sayenzi yokushanda kwomuviri yazvino uno yakaratidzira uchokwadi kwekutaura kwapaMagwaro kwokuti “nyama yose haizi nyama imwe,” chimiro chamasero chenyama yorudzi rumwe chichiva chakasiyana neicho cheimwe, munhu achiva ane “nyama” yake amene yakasiyana. (1 VaK. 15:39)i Mune zvesayenzi yezvemhuka, Revhitiko 11:6 inoronga tsuro nemhuka dzinodzeya. Ikoku kwakambonyombwa, asi sayenzi zvino inowana kuti tsuro inodzeya zvokudya zvayo.j
17. Bhaibheri rakaratidzwa sei kuva rakanaka mune zvokurapa?
17 Kutaura kwokuti ‘upenyu hwenyama huri muropa’ munguva dzazvino uno kwakasvika pakuzivikanwa sezvokwadi huru yesayenzi yezvokurapa. (Revh. 17:11-14) Mutemo waMosesi wakaratidzira kuti imhuka dzipi, shiri, uye hove dzakanga “dzakanaka” nokuda kwokudyiwa nomunhu, uye waisabatanidza zvokudya zvine ngozi. (Revh., ganh. 11) Mutemo waida kuti pamusasa wehondo, tsvina yomunhu ifushirwe, nokudaro kuchigovera dziviriro yakati pahosha dzinotapukira dzinotakurwa nenhunzi, zvakadai semanyoka nefivhiri yetyphoid. (Dheut. 23:9-14) Kunyange nhasi, munyika dzimwe zvinetso zvakakomba zvoutano zviriko nemhaka yokuraswa kusina kufanira kwetsvina yomunhu. Vanhu vari munyika dzakadaro vaizova vane utano zvikuru kudai vakatevera zano reBhaibheri pamusoro poutano.
18. Ndimumwe muenzanisoi weururami hwezvesayenzi hweBhaibheri hunopiwa?
18 Bhaibheri rinorumbidza waini shomanene “nokuda kwomudumbu” uye nokuda kwo“utera.” (1 Tim. 5:23) Dr. Salvatore P. Lucia, purofesa wemushonga paUniversity of California School of Medicine, anonyora, kuti: “Waini chinwiwa chekare zvikurusa chezvokudya uye mushonga unokosha zvikurusa uri kushandiswa nguva dzose munhau yose yorudzi rwomunhu.”k
19. Ururami hwamanyoro aRuka hungaenzanisirwa sei?
19 (6) Tsika Nemiitiro. A. Rendle Short anonyora muModern Discovery and the Bible, pamusoro pebhuku raMabasa, kuti: “Wakanga uri muitiro weRoma kudzora nyika dzoumambo hwakapararira kupfurikidza nokupfuuridzira kusvikira kure sekwavaigona nenzira yakakotsekana muitiro womunzvimbomo wokudzora, uye pakupedzisira zviremera mumaruwa akasiyana-siyana zvaiva namazita akasiyana-siyana. Hapana munhu, kutoti aiva mufambi anocherekedza kana kuti zvimwe mudzidzi anoshingaira wezvinyorwa, aigona sezvinobvira kupa ava vanhu zita ravo rakarurama. Ndomumwe wemiedzo inonzvera zvikurusa wepfungwa yezvenhau yaRuka uyo anokwanisa nguva dzose kuwana ururami hwakakwana. Muzviitiko zvinoverengeka ufakazi hwemari bedzi, kana kuti runyoro, hwakatipa mashoko ari madikanwa okumunzvera; vezvenhau veRoma vanozivikanwa havazviisi vamene mungozi parutivi rwakaoma rwakadaro. Nokudaro Ruka anodana Herodhe naLysanias kuti vadzori; ndizvo zvinoitawo Josephus. Herodhe Agripa, uyo akauraya Jakobho nomunondo ndokukandira Petro mutorongo, anodanwa kunzi mambo; Josephus anotiudza kuti akava sei ane ushamwari kuRoma naGaius Cæsar (Caligula) uye akatuswa nezita rokuremekedza roumambo apo Caligula akava mambo. Gavhuna weKupro, Sergio Pauro, anodanwa kunzi mutongi. . . . Isati iri nguva refu izvozvi zvisati zvaitika, Kupro yakanga yave iri nyika yeumambo, uye inotongwa naproprætor kana kuti legatus, asi munguva yaPauro, sezvinoratidzwa nemari yeKupro, mose muri muviri muchiGiriki nechiLatin, zita rokuremekedza rakarurama rakanga riri mutongi. Runyoro rwechiGiriki rwakawanwa paSoloi kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa yeKupro ndechenhambo yo‘muutongi hwaPauro’ . . . KuTesaronika vakuru vakuru veguta vakatora zita rekuremekedza rechienzi zvikuru revapolitarch [vatongi veguta, Mabasa 17:6, mashoko omuzasi eNW], zita risingazivikanwi nemabhuku ekare. Kwaizova kusina kurovedzeka zvikuru kwatiri, kunze kwomukurishandisa kwaRuka, kudai kwaisava nokuda kweidi rokuti rinooneka mumanyoro. . . . Akaya pasi paAugusto yakanga iri nyika yedare ramakurukota, pasi paTibherio yakanga iri pasi pamambo zvakananga, asi pasi paKraudhio, sokutiudza kunoita Tacitus, yakadzoka kudare ramakurukota, uye naizvozvo zita rekuremekedza chiratidzo rakarurama raGario [Mabasa 18:12] rakanga riri mutongi. . . . Ruka anofara zvakaenzana, akarurama zvakaenzana, mujogirafi yake nezvakaitika zvake zvokufamba.”l
20. Manyoro aPauro anoratidza sei nenzira yakarurama nguva idzo akararama ndokunyora?
20 Tsamba dzaPauro dzinoratidzira nenzira yakarurama mamirire ezvinhu enguva yake uye dzinoratidzira kuti akanga ari chapupu chakaona chezvinhu zvakanyorwa. Somuenzaniso, Firipi yakanga iri koroni yehondo yaiva navagari vemo vakanga vachidada zvikuru nokuva kwavo vagari vemo veRoma. Pauro akarayira vaKristu imomo kuti kuva vagari vemo kwavo kwakanga kuri mumatenga. (Mabasa 16:12, 21, 37; VaF. 3:20) Efeso rakanga riri guta rakakurumbira nokuda kwemabasa ounyanzvi amashiripiti nemiitiro yokudavira midzimu. Pauro akarayiridza vaKristu ikoko pamusoro pokuti vaifanira kuzvishongedzera vamene sei mukurwisana nokuva vanyajambwa vemadhemoni, uye panguva imwe cheteyo, akapa kurondedzerwa kwakarurama kwechidzitiro chesimbi chomurwi weRoma. (Mabasa 19:19; VaEf. 6:13-17) Muitiro wavakundi veRoma wokutungamirira kufora kworukundo nemudungwe wenhapwa, dzimwe dzisina kupfeka, unoshandiswa mumuenzaniso. (2 VaK. 2:14; VaK. 2:15) Pana 1 VaKorinte 1:22, mirangariro yakasiyana yevaJudha navaGiriki inooneswa. Munhau dzakadaro vanyori vechiKristu vanoratidzira ururami hwaMosesi, munyori wePentateuch, iyo George Rawlinson anoti nezvayo: “Ururami hwesayenzi yemaitirwo omunhu hwePentateuch pamusoro petsika dzokuMabvazuva nemiitirowo zvayo, hahuna kutongopanikirwa.”a
21. (a) Ipa mienzaniso yokutendeseka kwevanyori veBhaibheri. (b) Ikoku kunovaka sei chivimbo muBhaibheri sezvokwadi?
21 (7) Kutendeseka Kwavanyori veBhaibheri. MuBhaibheri rose, kutendeseka kwokusazengurira kwavanyori varo chibvumikiso chakasimba chokuvimbika kwaro. Mosesi, somuenzaniso, anotaura nenzira yakananga nezvechivi chake amene nechisarudzo chaMwari chokuti iye namukoma wake, Aroni, havafaniri kupinda muNyika Yakapikirwa. (Num. 20:7-13; Dheut. 3:23-27) Zvivi zvaDhavhidhi panhambo mbiri pamwe chete nokuramba kutenda kwomwanakomana wake Soromoni zvinoratidzirwa pachena. (2 Sam., maganh. 11, 12, 24; 1 Madz. 11:1-13) Jona anonyora pamusoro pokusateerera kwake amene nomugumisiro wako. Rudzi rwose rwaIsraeri rwakashurikidzwa navanodokuva vanyori vose vaMagwaro echiHebheru, vose avo vaiva vaJudha, nokuda kwokusateerera kwarwo Mwari, muchinyorwa chimene icho vaJudha vaikoshesa nokugamuchira semashoko aMwari nenhau yechokwadi yerudzi rwavo. Vanyori vechiKristu vakanga vasiri vakatendeseka zvishomanene. Vanyori vose vana veEvhangeri vakazivisa kuramba kwaPetro Kristu. Uye Pauro akadanira ngwariro kuchikanganiso chakakomba chaPetro pamusoro penhau yokutenda mukutsaura vaJudha naVamarudzi muungano yechiKristu kuAntiokia. Kunovaka chivimbo muBhaibheri sezvokwadi apo tinoziva kuti vanyori varo hapana munhu wavakasiya, kwete kunyange ivo vamene, vachifarira kuita chinyorwa chakatendeka.—Mat. 26:69-75; Marko 14:66-72; Ruka 22:54-62; Joh. 18:15-27; VaG. 2:11-14; Joh. 17:17.
22. Chiizve chinobvumikisa kuti Bhaibheri zvirokwazvo iShoko raMwari, uye rakanyorwa nokuda kwechinangwai?
22 (8) Tsinhirano Yavanyori. Bhaibheri rakanyorwa munhambo yamakore anopfuura 1 600 nevanyori vanenge 40, pasina kusatsinhirana. Rakaparadzirwa zvakafara munhamba huru pasinei zvapo nechishoro chinotyisa zvikurusa nenhamburiko dzakasimba zvikurusa dzokuriparadza. Aya maidi anobetsera kubvumikisa kuti riri zvarinotaura kuva, Shoko raMwari wamasimba ose, uye kuti iro zvirokwazvo “rinobetsera nokuda kwokudzidzisa, nokuda kwokutsiura, nokuda kwokururamisa zvinhu, nokuda kwokuranga mukururama.”—2 Tim. 3:16, NW.b
23. Musoroi unowirirana unobvumikisawo kufuridzirwa kweBhaibheri? Enzanisira.
23 Kufuridzirwa kwaro kunoratidzwa kupfurikidza nokuwirirana kwakakwana kwarinosimbisa nako musoro wokutsveneswa kwezita raJehovha kupfurikidza noUmambo hwake hunodzorwa naKristu. Mishomanene yemienzaniso yakatanhamara ndeiyi:
Gen. 3:15 Chipikirwa cheMbeu iyo
ichaparadza Nyoka
Eks. 3:15; 6:3 Mwari anosimbisa zita rake
rechirangaridzo, Jehovha
Eks. 18:11; Jehovha mukuru zvikuru kupfuura
Isa. 36:18-20; vamwe vamwari vose
Eks. 20:3-7 Mwari anoremekedza zita, anorayira
kuzvipira kwakazara
Jobho, Uchangamire hwaJehovha
maganh. 1, 2 hwakarurama uye chimiro
chendangariro chemunhu
neperero kwahuri
Jobho 32:2; 35:2; Revererwo yaMwari
Job 36:24; 40:8 inotanhamariswa
Dhan. 2:44; Ukoshi hwoUmambo hwaMwari
Dhan 4:17, 34; 7:13, 14 hunodzorwa no“mwanakomana womunhu”
Ezek. 6:10; Vanhu “vachaziva kuti
Eze 38:23 ndini Jehovha.” Uku kutaura
kunooneka kanopfuura ka60
muuporofita hwaEzekieri
Mar. 1:11 Zita raMwari rinofanira kuva guru
pakati pamarudzi
Joh. 17:6, 26 Jesu akazivisa zita raMwari
VaR. 3:4 Mwari anofanira kubvumikiswa
kuva wechokwadi, kunyange
zvazvo munhu ari wose akava
murevi wenhema
VaH. 13:15 VaKristu vanofanira kuita ziviso
yapachena kuzita raJehovha
Zvak. 15:4 Zita raJehovha richarumbidzwa
namarudzi ose
Zvak. 19:6 Zita raJehovha rinorumbidzwa pashure
pokuparadzwa kweBhabhironi Guru
24. (a) Perero yavaKristu vapakuvamba inosimbisa sei uchokwadi hwe“Nhau yechiKristu”? (b) Chimwei chibvumikiso chiripo chokuti vanyori veBhaibheri vakanyora maidi, kwete ngano?
24 (9) Perero Yezvapupu. Nezvekukosheswa kungaitwa uchapupu hwavaKristu vapakuvamba—vanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu pamwe chete navamwe—George Rawlinson anoti: “Vatendeuki vapakuvamba vaiziva kuti panguva ipi neipi vangakumbirwa kufira rudzidziso rwavo. . . . Munyori wapakuvamba ari wose aitsigira chiKristu, kupfurikidza neidi rokutsigira kwake, akatsungirira simba rehurumende, uye akazvipa amene kuva akafanirwa nomugumo wakafanana. Apo kutenda kunenge kuri nhau youpenyu norufu, varume havagamuchiri nenzira yokurerutsa chitendero chokutanga icho chinova chinovafadza; uyewo havazviisi vamene pachena munzvimbo dzesekete rinotambudzwa, kutoti vakasanoyera kutaura kworudzidziso urwo rinotaura kuva rarwo, uye vakazvipwisa vamene nezvokuva kwaro rechokwadi. Kwakajeka kuti vatendeuki vapakuvamba vakanga vane mutoo wokuva nechokwadi choururami hwenhau hwenhoroondo yechiKristu zvikuru kwazvo kupfuura isu timene; vaigona kunzvera ndokubvunzurudza zvapupu zvacho—kuenzanisa nhoroondo dzavo dzinoverengeka—kubvunza kuti kutaura kwavo kwakagamuchirwa sei navavengi vavo—kunzvera magwaro echiHedheni enguva yacho—kusefa zvakakwana uye chose chose ufakazi hwacho. . . . Kwose ikoku pamwe chete—uye kunofanira kuyeukwa kuti ufakazi hwacho hunobvumikisa pfundo rimwe chetero—kunoumba chibvumikiso chikuru chakadai sechisingawanzobvira kupa pamusoro pezviitiko zvipi nezvipi zvekare kare; uye kunosimbisa pasina panikiro yose ine mufungo zvokwadi yeNhau yechiKristu. Nhau iyoyo haitongorina . . . chiratidzo chengano. Inhau imwe, inotaurwa pasina musiyano, nepo ngano dzinochinja-chinja uye dziri muzvimiro zvakawanda; yakabatanidzwa zvisingabvisiki nenhau yehurumende yenguva dzacho, iyo kuri kwose inomirira noururami hwechienzi, nepo ngano dzichishatisa kana kuti kutsiva nhau yehurumende; yakazara noudzame hwechokwadi, uhwo ngano dzinodzivisa nokungwarira; yakazara nomurayiridzo unoshanda worudzi rwakajeka zvikurusa nerwakapfava zvikurusa, nepo ngano dzichidzidzisa nokufananidzira. . . . Uchokwadi hwakapfava, kuvimbika, ururami hwokungwarira, rudo rwakachena rwezvokwadi, ndiwo mavara ari pachena zvikurusa evanyori veTestamente Itsva, avo sezviri pachena vanobata namaidi, kwete nezvinofungidzirwa . . . Vanonyora ‘kuti tigoziva uchokwadi hwezvinhu izvozvo’ izvo zvai‘davirwa zvechokwadi zvikurusa’ muzuva ravo.”c—Enzanisa naRuka 1:1, 4.
25. Chii chinoratidzira nenzira yakatanhamara uchokwadi hweBhaibheri?
25 Imwe nzvimbo inofadza inokurukurwa neBhaibheri ndeiyo youporofita hwoumwari. Uchokwadi hweBhaibheri hahuna kutongoratidzirwa nenzira inoshamisa somukuzadzikwa kwouporofita huzhinji, hwose huchiratidza kufanoona kunoshamisa kwaJehovha mukufanotaura nguva yemberi. Iri Shoko rouporofita zvirokwazvo “mwenje unovhenekera mune rima,” uye kupa ngwariro kwariri kuchasimbisa kutenda kwaavo vanoshuva kupukunyuka kusvikira uporofita hwose hwoUmambo hwazadzikwa munyika itsva yaMwari isingaperi yokururama. Ndaza nhatu dzinotevera dzinowedzera chimwe chibvumikiso chouchokwadi hweBhaibheri mukuratidza dzakawanda dzeidzi zadziko dzouporofita, pamwe chete netsinhirano yeMagwaro ose echiHebheru neechiGiriki. Nokufamba kwenguva, Bhaibheri rinopenya zvakajeka zvikuru kwazvo sera“kafuridzirwa naMwari uye rinobetsera” zvirokwazvo.—2 Pet. 1:19; 2 Tim. 3:16, NW.
[Footnotes]
a The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, 1862, George Rawlinson, mapeji 54, 254-8.
b 1871, mapeji 29-31.
c The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, mapeji 25-6.
d Sinai and Palestine, 1885, mapeji 82-3.
e Reader’s Digest, March 1954, mapeji 27, 30.
f 1984, peji 24.
g 1968, mapeji 4-5.
h The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1855, Vhor. 15, peji 232.
i Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 2, peji 246.
j Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, mapeji 555-6, 1035.
k Wine as Food and Medicine, 1954, peji 5.
l 1955, mapeji 211-13.
a The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, peji 290.
c The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, mapeji 225, 227-8.
(10) UPOROFITA HWAKATANHAMARA PAMUSORO PAJESU NOKUZADZIKA KWAHWO
Uporofita Chiitiko Zadziko
Pis. 132:11; Akabva mumhuri yaDhavhidhi Mat. 1:1, 6-16;
Mika 5:2 Akaberekerwa Ruka 2:4-11;
muBheterehema Joh. 7:42
Isa. 7:14 Akaberekwa nemhandara Mat. 1:18-23;
Jer. 31:15 Vacheche vakaurawa Mat. 2:16-18
pashure pokuberekwa kwake
Hos. 11:1 Akadanwa kubuda muEgipita Mat. 2:15
Mar. 3:1; 4:5; Nzira yakagadzirwa kare Mat. 3:1-3;
Dhan. 9:25 Akaoneka saMesiya pakupera Akazvipa amene
kwe“vhiki” 69 nokuda kworu-
bhapatidzo uye
akazodzwa panguva
muna 29 C.E.
Isa. 61:1, 2 Akatumwa Ruka 4:18-21
Pis. 78:2 Akataura Mat. 13:11-13, 31-35
nemienzaniso
Isa. 53:4 Akatakura zvirwere zvedu Mat. 8:16, 17
Pis. 69:9 Akashingairira imba Mat. 21:12, 13;
yaJehovha Marko 11:15-18;
Isa. 42:1-4 Somubatiri waJehovha, Mat. 12:14-21
aisazokakavara mumigwagwa
Isa. 53:1 Haana kutendwa Joh. 12:37, 38;
Zek. 9:9; Kupinda muJerusarema Mat. 21:1-9;
Pis. 118:26 akatasva mhuru yembongoro; Marko 11:7-11;
akachingamidzwa samambo Ruka 19:28-38;
uye uyo anouya muzita Joh. 12:12-15
raJehovha
Isa. 28:16; 53:3; Akarambwa, asi anova ibwe Mat. 21:42,
Pis. 69:8; guru rapakona Mt 21:45, 46;
Pis. 41:9; 109:8 Muapostora mumwe asina Mat. 26:47-50;
kutendeka; anotengesa Jesu Joh. 13:18,
Zek. 13:7 Vadzidzi vanopararira Mat. 26:31, 56;
Pis. 2:1, 2 Masimba eRoma Mat. 27:1, 2;
navatungamiriri vaIsraeri Marko 15:1, 15;
vanoshandira pamwe chete Ruka 23:10-12;
mukurwisana nomuzodziwa Mabasa 4:25-28
waJehovha
Isa. 53:8 Akatongwa ndokushurikidzwa Mat. 26:57-68;
Pis. 27:12 Kushandiswa kwezvapupu Mat. 26:59-61;
zvenhema Marko 14:56-59
Isa. 53:7 Akanyarara pamberi Mat. 27:12-14;
pavapomeri Marko 14:61;
Pis. 22:16 (NW), Akarovererwa Mat. 27:35;
mashoko omuzasi Marko 15:24, 25;
Pis. 22:18 Mijenya yakakandwa nokuda Mat. 27:35;
kwenguo Joh. 19:23, 24
Pis. 22:7, 8 Akanyombwa ari padanda Mat. 27:39-43;
Pis. 69:21 Akapiwa vhinega nenduru Mat. 27:34, 48;
Pis. 22:1 Akasiyiwa naMwari kuvavengi Mat. 27:46;
Pis. 34:20; Hapana mapfupa akatyoka Joh. 19:33, 36
Isa. 53:5, 8, Anofa rufu rwechibayiro kuti Mat. 20:28;
Isa 53:11, 12 abvise zvivi ndokuzarura Joh. 1:29;
nzira inoenda kuchimiro VaR. 3:24; 4:25;
chakarurama naMwari 1 VaK. 15:3;
Isa. 53:9 Akavigwa navapfumi Mat. 27:57-60;
Jona 1:17; 2:10 Muguva kwemativi amazuva Mat. 12:39, 40;
matatu, ipapo akamutswa Mt 16:21;
Pis. 16:8-11 (NW), Akamutswa asati aora Mabasa 2:25-31;
mashoko omuzasi Mab 13:34-37
Pis. 2:7 Jehovha anomuzivisa kuva Mat. 3:16, 17;
Mwanakomana Wake Marko 1:9-11;
kupfurikidza nokubereka Ruka 3:21, 22;
nomudzimu uye kupfurikidza Mabasa 13:33;
norumuko VaR. 1:4;
Mibvunzo pamusoro pechati inoti “Uporofita Hwakatanhamara Pamusoro paJesu Nokuzadzika Kwahwo”:
(a) Uporofitai pamusoro pokuberekwa kwake hwakaisa Jesu mumutsara nokuda kwokuva Mesiya?
(b) Uporofitai hwakazadzikwa pamavambo oushumiri hwaJesu?
(c) Jesu akazadzika sei uporofita kupfurikidza nenzira yaakapfuuridzira nayo ushumiri hwake?
(d) Uporofitai hwakazadzikwa mukati mamazuva mashomanene okupedzisira Jesu asati atongwa?
(e) Uporofita hwakazadzikwa sei panguva yokutongwa kwake?
(f) Uporofitai hwakaratidzira kurovererwa kwake chaikoiko, rufu rwake, uye rumuko rwake?
[Chati iri papeji 344-346]
(11) Mienzaniso Yohumwe Hwouporofita Hwebhaibheri Hwakazadzikwa
Uporofita Chiitiko Zadziko
Gen. 15:13, 14; Israeri achabuda muEgipita Eks. 12:35, 36;
Eks. 3:21, 22 nepfuma zhinji apo Mwari Pis. 105:37
anotonga rudzi runopinza
muuranda
Gen. 17:20; Ishmaeri achabereka Gen. 25:13-16;
21:13, 18 madzishe 12 ndokuva rudzi 1 Mako. 1:29-31
rukuru
Gen. 25:23; VaEdhomi vachagara kure Gen. 36:8;
27:39, 40 nevhu rakaorera, Dheut. 2:4, 5;
vachabatira vaIsraeri, uye 2 Sam. 8:14;
padzimwe nguva kumukira 2 Madz. 8:20;
Gen. 48:19, 22 Efraimi achava mukuru Num. 1:33-35;
kupfuura Manase, uye rudzi Dheut. 33:17;
rumwe norumwe ruchava Josh. 16:4-9;
nenhaka Jos 17:1-4
Gen. 49:7 Simeoni naRevhi Josh. 19:1-9;
vachapararira muna Israeri Jos 21:41, 42
Gen. 49:10 Utungamiriri hwoumambo 2 Sam. 2:4;
huchabva kuna Judha 1 Mako. 5:2;
Dheut. 17:14 Israeri achakumbira mambo 1 Sam. 8:4, 5,
Dheut. 28:52, 53, Israeri acharangwa nokuda Zvakazadzikwa
Dhe 28:64-66, 68 kwokusatendeka; maguta paSamaria muna
anokombwa, anopinzwa 740 B.C.E.
muuranda
paJerusarema
muna 607 B.C.E.
(Jer. 52:1-27),
uye paJerusarema
zvakare muna
70 C.E.
Josh. 6:26 Chirango nokuda 1 Madz. 16:34
kwokuvakazve Jeriko
1 Sam. 2:31, 34; Mutsara waEri wakatukwa 1 Sam. 4:11,
1 Madz. 9:7, 8; Tembere ichaparadzwa kana 2 Madz. 25:9;
2 Mako. 7:20, 21 Israeri akaramba kutenda 2 Mako. 36:19;
1 Madz. 13:1-3 Atari yaJerobhoami 2 Madz. 23:16-18
ichashatiswa
1 Madz. 14:15 Kukurirwa kwoumambo 2 Madz. 17:6-23;
hwendudzi gumi hwaIsraeri 2Mad 18:11, 12
Isa. 13:17-22; Kuparadzwa kweBhabhironi; Dhan. 5:22-31;
Isa 45:1, 2; masuo eBhabhironi nhau yenyika
Jer. 50:35-46; achasiyiwa akazaruka; inotsigira.
Jer 51:37-43 vaMedhia navaPersia Koreshi akatora
vachakurira Bhabhironi
vachitungamirirwa naKoreshi apo masuo
akasiyiwa
akazarukad
Isa. 23:1, 8, Guta reTire richaparadzwa Nhau yenyika
Isa 23:13, 14; navaKardhea ine
Ezek. 26:4, 7-12 vachitungamirirwa chinyorwa
naNebhukadnezari chorutivi
rwenyika huru
chorutivi
rweguta
rwakaparadzwa
uye chikamu
chechitsuwa
chakaiswa pasi
paNebhukadnezari
pashure
pokukomba
kwamakore 13e
Isa. 44:26-28 Kuvakwazve kweJerusarema 2 Mako. 36:22, 23;
netembere nenhapwa Ezra 1:1-4
dzechiJudha dzinodzoka;
rutivi rwaKoreshi makuri
Jer. 25:11; 29:10 Kudzorerwa kwavakasarira Dhan. 9:1, 2;
kwaizova pashure pokuva Zek. 7:5;
dongo kwamakore 70 2 Mako. 36:21-23
Jer. 49:2; Maguta evaAmoni achava Amoni zvino
Ezek. 25:1-7; mirwi yedongo rudzi
Zef. 2:8, 9 rwakapararag
Jer. 49:17, 18; Edhomi richaparadzwa Edhomi
Ezek. 25:12-14; sokunge rakanga risina rakaparadzwa
Eze 35:7, 15; kutongovapo senyika
pokuparadzwa
kweJerusarema
muna 70 C.E.h
Dhan. 2:31-40; Umambo huna Nhau yenyika
Dha 7:2-7 hwakafananidzirwa: inosimbisa
Bhabhironi, Persia, zadziko
Girisi, uye Roma. Udzame mukumuka
hwouporofita hwakawanda nokuwa
hwakafanotaurwa kwamasimba
iwayai
Dhan. 8:1-8, Pashure poumambo hwePersia, Alexander Mukuru
Dha 8:20-22; hune simba, Girisi, akakunda
Dha 11:1-19 yaizotonga. Umambo ihwohwo Umambo
huchakamurwa kuva huna, hwePersia.
maizobuda masimba maviri, Pashure
mambo wokuchamhembe namambo porufu rwake
wokumaodzanyemba vatungamiriri
vehondo vana
vakadzora.
Pakupedzisira
masimba Seleucid
naPtolemy
akatanga uye
vairwisana nguva
dzosej
Dhan. 11:20-24 Mutongi acharayira Murayiro
kunyoresa. Mumazuva wokunyoresa
omutsivi wake, “Muchinda muPalestine
wesungano” aizoparadzwa mukati mokutonga
kwaKesari
Augusto; Jesu
akaurawa mukati
mokutonga kwo-
mutsivi wake,
Tibherio Kesarik
Zef. 2:13-15; Ninevhe richava dongo Rakava gomo
Nah. 3:1-7 ramararal
Mat. 24:2, 16-18; Jerusarema richakombwa Kwakazadzikwa
Ruka 19:41-44 nerusvingo rune miromo navaRoma muna
yakapinza ndokuparadzwa 70 C.E.b
Mat. 24:7-14; Nguva huru yenhamo Nguva isina
Marko 13:8; yakafanotaurwa mugumo muenzaniso
Ruka 21:10, 11; wakakwana wetsika ino yenhamo pasi
2 Tim. 3:1-5 yezvinhu usati wasvika; pano kubvira
kubatanidza hondo, pahondo
kuperevedza kwezvokudya, yenyika
kudengenyeka kwapasi, yokutanga
nhenda, kusateerera mutemo, muna 1914.
kuparidzwa kwamashoko Kuparidzwa
akanaka oUmambo kumarudzi kwoUmambo
ose zvino kuri
kuitwa munyika
dzinopfuura 200
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
d Herodotus I, 191, 192; Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, peji 567.
e Cyclopedia yaMcClintock naStrong, yakadhindwazve ya1981, Vhor. X, peji 617; Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 2, mapeji 531, 1136.
f Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 2, mapeji 421-2.
g Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, peji 95.
h Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, mapeji 681-2.
i “Your Will Be Done on Earth,” mapeji 104-25, 166-77, 188-95, 220-9.
j “Your Will Be Done on Earth,” mapeji 121-2, 172-4, 194-5, 220-63; Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, mapeji 70-1.
k “Your Will Be Done on Earth,” mapeji 248-53; Insight on the Scriptures, Vhor. 1, peji 220.
l Ona peji 159, ndima 5, 6.
a Cyclopedia yaMcClintock naStrong, yakadhindwazve ya1981, Vhor. X, mapeji 618-19.
b Ona peji 188, ndima 9.
(a) Zviitikoi zvakafanotaurwa zvakaitika pashure pokunge rudzi rwaIsraeri rwapinda munyika yeKanani?
(b) Uporofitai hworutongeso pamusoro paIsraeri naJudha hwakaitika, uye riini?
(c) Chii chakafanotaurwa nezvedzorerwo? Ichochi chakazadzikwa here?
(d) Marudzii akarongwa ayo mashoko orutongeso akananga akauya pamusoro pawo, uye rutongeso rwouporofita irworwo rwakazadzikwa sei?
(e) Ndezvipi zviri zvimwe zvezviitiko zvakatanhamara zvenhau zvakafanotaurwa naDhanieri? naJesu?
(12) KUMWE KUNOKORWA KWAMASHOKO NOKUSHANDISWA KWAMAGWARO ECHIHEBHERU KWAKAITWA NAVANYORI VAMAGWARO ECHIGIRIKI
(CHERECHEDZA: Ndaza iyi haisati ichibatanidza nongedzero dzakarongwa mu“Uporofita Hwakatanhamara Pamusoro paJesu,” pamapeji atangireyi.)
Pakanokorwa Kutaura Kushandiswa
Gen. 1:3 Mwari anorayira kuti 2 VaK. 4:6
chiedza chipenye
Gen. 2:7 Adhama akaitwa mweya mupenyu 1 VaK. 15:45
Gen. 2:24 Murume achasiya vabereki Mat. 19:5;
vake ndokunamatira Marko 10:7, 8;
kumudzimai wake; vaviri 1 VaK. 6:16;
vanova nyama imwe VaEf. 5:31
Gen. 12:3; 18:18 Marudzi ose achakomborerwa VaG. 3:8
kupfurikidza naAbrahama
Gen. 15:5 Mbeu yaAbrahama ichawanda VaR. 4:18
Gen. 18:10, 14 Mwanakomana akapikirwa VaR. 9:9
kuna Sara
Gen. 18:12 Sara anodana Abrahama 1 Pet. 3:6
kuti “ishe”
Gen. 21:12 Mbeu yaAbrahama ichava VaR. 9:7;
kupfurikidza naIsaka VaH. 11:18
Gen. 22:16, 17 Mwari anopika naiye amene VaH. 6:13, 14
kukomborera Abrahama
Eks. 13:2, 12 Dangwe rakatsaurirwa kuna Ruka 2:23
Jehovha
Eks. 16:18 Mwari anoenzanisa zvinhu 2 VaK. 8:15
mukuunganidzwa kwemana
Eks. 19:5, 6 Israeri ari mumutsara 1 Pet. 2:9
wokuva umambo hwavaprista
Eks. 19:12, 13 Kutyisa kwaJehovha paGomo VaH. 12:18-20
reSinai
Eks. 20:12-17 Murayiro wechishanu, Mat. 5:21, 27;
wechitanhatu, wechinomwe, Mt 15:4;
wechisere, wechipfumbamwe, Mt 19:18, 19;
uye wechigumi Marko 10:19;
Eks. 21:17 Chirango chokuputsa murayiro Mat. 15:4;
wechishanu Marko 7:10
Eks. 21:24 Ziso nokuda kweziso uye Mat. 5:38
zino nokuda kwezino
Eks. 22:28 “Usataura zvakaipa pamusoro Mabasa 23:5
pomubati wavanhu vako”
Eks. 33:19 Mwari ane ngoni pane upi VaR. 9:15
noupi waanofarira
Revh. 11:44 “Ivai vatsvene, nokuti ini 1 Pet. 1:16
ndiri mutsvene”
Revh. 18:5 Iye uyo unochengeta Mutemo VaG. 3:12
uchararama maererano nawo
Revh. 19:18 Ida muvakidzani wako sewe Mat. 19:19;
umene Mt 22:39;
Revh. 26:12 Jehovha akanga ari Mwari 2 VaK. 6:16
waIsraeri
Num. 16:5 Jehovha anoziva avo vari 2 Tim. 2:19
vake
Dheut. 6:13 “Namata Ishe, Mwari wako” Mat. 4:10;
Dheut. 6:16 “Usaidza Ishe, Mwari wako” Mat. 4:7;
Dheut. 8:3 Munhu haafaniri kurarama Mat. 4:4;
nechingwa choga Ruka 4:4
Dheut. 18:15-19 Mwari uchamutsa muporofita Mabasa 3:22, 23
akafanana naMosesi
Dheut. 19:15 Nhau iri yose inofanira Joh. 8:17;
kusimbiswa nezvapupu zviviri 2 VaK. 13:1
kana kuti zvitatu
Dheut. 23:21 “Uripire [Jehovha, NW] Mat. 5:33
pawakapika napo”
Dheut. 24:1 Gadziriro yoMutemo waMosesi Mat. 5:31
yechatanuro
Dheut. 25:4 “Usasunga muromo wenzombe 1 VaK. 9:9;
inopura zviyo” 1 Tim. 5:18
Dheut. 27:26 VaIsraeri vasina kuteerera VaG. 3:10
Mutemo vakatukwa
Dheut. 31:6, 8 Mwari haasati VaH. 13:5
achizotongosiya vanhu vake
Dheut. 32:17, 21 Mwari akamutsa godo VaR. 10:19;
ravaJudha kupfurikidza 1 VaK. 10:20-22
nokukoka Vamarudzi.
VaIsraeri vakamutsa
godo raJehovha
kupfurikidza nokunamata
zvidhori
Dheut. 32:35, 36 Kutsiva ndokwaJehovha VaH. 10:30
Dheut. 32:43 “Farai imi vahedheni, VaR. 15:10
navanhu vake”
1 Sam. 13:14; 16:1 Dhavhidhi, munhu unofadza Mabasa 13:22
mwoyo waMwari amene
1 Sam. 21:6 Dhavhidhi navarume vake Mat. 12:3, 4;
vanodya zvingwa Marko 2:25, 26;
zvokuratidza Ruka 6:3, 4
2 Mako. 20:7 Abrahama akanzi “shamwari” Jak. 2:23
yaMwari (“mudiwa”)
Jobho 41:11 “Ndianiko wakatanga kumupa VaR. 11:35
[Mwari]?”
Pis. 8:2 Mwari anogovera rumbidzo Mat. 21:16
“mumiromo yavacheche”
Pis. 8:4-6 “Munhu chinyiko, VaH. 2:6, 7;
zvamunomufunga?” Mwari 1 VaK. 15:27
akaisa zvinhu zvose pasi
petsoka dzaKristu
Pis. 10:7 “Muromo wake uzere nokutuka” VaR. 3:14
Pis. 14:1-3 “Hapana munhu anoita VaR. 3:10-12
zvakanaka”
Pis. 18:49 Vanhu vamarudzi VaR. 15:9
vacharumbidza Mwari
Pis. 19:4 (NW), Hapana kushayikwa kwomukana VaR. 10:18
mashoko omuzasi wokunzwa zvokwadi yokuvapo
kwaMwari seinopupurirwa
nechisiko chose
Pis. 22:22 “Ndichaparidzira hama dzangu VaH. 2:12
zita renyu”
Pis. 24:1 Pasi nderaJehovha 1 VaK. 10:26
Pis. 32:1, 2 “Wakaropafadzwa, munhu VaR. 4:7, 8
usinganzi naShe une zvivi”
Pis. 34:12-16 “Meso aShe ari pamusoro 1 Pet. 3:10-12
pavakarurama”
Pis. 40:6-8 Mwari akanga asingacha- VaH. 10:6-10
tenderi zvibayiro muMutemo;
chibayiro chimwe chomuviri
waJesu, maererano nokuda
kwaMwari, chinounza
kutsveneswa
Pis. 44:22 “Takanzi tiri makwai VaR. 8:36
anobayiwa”
Pis. 69:22, 23 Tafura yorugare yava- VaR. 11:9, 10
Israeri inova musungo
Pis. 78:24 Chingwa chinobva kudenga Joh. 6:31-33
Pis. 82:6 “Muri vamwari” Joh. 10:34
Pis. 102:25-27 “Imi . . . , Ishe, makateya VaH. 1:10-12
nheyo dzenyika”
Pis. 104:4 “Unoita vatumwa vake kuti VaH. 1:7
vave mhepo”
Pis. 110:1 Ishe achagara kuruoko Mat. 22:43-45;
rworudyi rwaJehovha Marko 12:36, 37;
Pis. 116:10 “Ndakatenda, saka 2 VaK. 4:13
ndakataura”
Pis. 117:1 “Rumbidzai Ishe, imi VaR. 15:11
vahedheni vose”
Pis. 118:6 “Ishe ndiye mubatsiri VaH. 13:6
wangu; handingatyi”
Pis. 140:3 “Uturu hwenyoka huri VaR. 3:13
mumiromo yavo”
Zvir. 26:11 “Imbwa yakadzokera 2 Pet. 2:22
kumarutsi ayo”
Isa. 6:9, 10 VaIsraeri havana kupa Mat. 13:13-15;
ngwariro kumashoko akanaka Marko 4:12;
Isa. 8:17, 18 “Tarira, ndini navana VaH. 2:13
vandakapiwa naMwari”
Isa. 10:22, 23 Vakasarira bedzi vaIsraeri VaR. 9:27, 28
vachaponeswa
Isa. 22:13 “Ngatidye, ngatinwe, nokuti 1 VaK. 15:32
mangwana tinofa”
Isa. 25:8 “Rufu rwakamedzwa nokukunda” 1 VaK. 15:54
Isa. 28:11, 12 Vanhu havana kutenda 1 VaK. 14:21
kunyange zvazvo
vakataurwa kwavari
“navanhu vedzimwe ndimi”
Isa. 28:16 Hakuna kuora mwoyo nokuda 1 Pet. 2:6;
kwaavo vanoisa kutenda VaR. 10:11
kwavo pana Kristu, nheyo
muZioni
Isa. 29:13 Unyengeri hwavanyori Mat. 15:7-9;
navaFarise hwakarondedzerwa Marko 7:6-8
Isa. 29:14 Mwari anoita kuti uchenjeri 1 VaK. 1:19
hwavakachenjera huparare
Isa. 40:6-8 Shoko rakataurwa naJehovha 1 Pet. 1:24, 25
rinogara nokusingaperi
Isa. 40:13 ‘Ndianiko akava mupi VaR. 11:34
wezano waJehovha?’
Isa. 42:6; 49:6 “Ndakakuisa kuti uve Mabasa 13:47
chiedza chavahedheni”
Isa. 45:23 Ibvi riri rose VaR. 14:11
richapfugamira Jehovha
Isa. 52:7 Tsoka dzavatakuri vamashoko VaR. 10:15
akanaka dzakaisvonaka
Isa. 52:11 “Budai pakati pavo, 2 VaK. 6:17
muzviraure”
Isa. 52:15 Mashoko akanaka akaziviswa VaR. 15:21
kuVamarudzi
Isa. 54:13 “Vachadzidziswa vose Joh. 6:45
naMwari”
Isa. 56:7 Imba yaJehovha ichava imba Mat. 21:13;
yomunyengetero yamarudzi Marko 11:17;
ose Ruka 19:46
Isa. 59:7, 8 Uipi hwavanhu VaR. 3:15-17
hwakarondedzerwa
Isa. 65:1, 2 Jehovha akaoneka kuvanhu VaR. 10:20, 21
Vamarudzi
Isa. 66:1, 2 “Denga ndicho chigaro Mabasa 7:49, 50
changu choushe, nenyika
chitsiko chetsoka dzangu”
Jer. 5:21 Vane meso, asi vasingaoni Marko 8:18
Jer. 31:31-34 Mwari achaita sungano itsva VaH. 8:8-12;
Dhan. 9:27; 11:31 “Nyangadzi yokuparadza” Mat. 24:15
Hos. 1:10; 2:23 Vamarudzi vachavawo vanhu VaR. 9:24-26
vaMwari
Hos. 6:6 “Ndinoda ngoni, handidi Mat. 9:13; 12:7
chibayiro”
Hos. 13:14 “Iwe rufu, kukunda kwako 1 VaK. 15:54, 55
kuripiko?”
Joere 2:28-32 “Ani naani unodana kuzita Mabasa 2:17-21;
raShe uchaponeswa” VaR. 10:13
Amosi 9:11, 12 Mwari achavakazve Mabasa 15:16-18
tabhenakeri yaDhavhidhi
Hab. 1:5 “Tarirai, imi vazvidzi, Mabasa 13:40, 41
mushamiswe”
Hab. 2:4 “Wakarurama wangu VaH. 10:38;
uchaponeswa nokutenda” VaR. 1:17
Hag. 2:6 Matenga napasi VaH. 12:26, 27
zvichazununguswa
Maraki 1:2, 3 Jakobho akadiwa, Esau VaR. 9:13
akavengwa
Mibvunzo pamusoro pechati inoti “Kumwe Kunokorwa Kwamashoko Nokushandiswa kwaMagwaro echiHebheru Kwakaitwa Navanyori vaMagwaro echiGiriki”:
(a) Nongedzero kubhuku raGenesi muMagwaro echiGiriki dzinotsigira sei nhoroondo yaro yechisiko?
(b) Kushandiswai kunoitwa kwenongedzero mubhuku raGenesi kuna Abrahama nokumbeu yaAbrahama?
(c) Kunokorwai kwamashoko kunoitwa mubhuku raEksodho pamusoro peMirayiro Gumi namamwe mativi oMutemo?
(d) Ndokupi kwatinowana kuziviswa kwapakuvamba kwemirayiro mikuru miviri, kuda Jehovha nomwoyo wako wose nomweya nokuda muvakidzani wako sewe umene?
(e) Dudza dzimwe dzenheyo huru dzinotaurwa muPentateuch idzo dzinonokorwa mashoko muMagwaro echiGiriki. Dzinoshandiswa sei?
(f) Zvikamui zvamashoko zviri muMapisarema, zvinonokorwa mashoko muMagwaro echiGiriki, zvinokudza Jehovha (1) soMusiki noMuridzi wapasi? (2) soUyo anoratidza kufarira vakarurama uye anovaitira hanya?
(g) Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki anoshandisa sei zvikamu zvamashoko zvomubhuku raIsaya navamwe vaporofita (1) kukuparidza mashoko akanaka? (2) kukurambwa kwamashoko akanaka navamwe? (3) kuvanhu vamarudzi, mukuwedzera kuvakasarira vaIsraeri, vachiva vatendi? (4) kubetsero dzokutenda mashoko akanaka?