Chitsauko 11

Nguva Yokuuya kwaMesiya Inoziviswa

1. Sezvo Jehovha ari Muchengeti weNguva Mukuru, chii chatinogona kuva nechokwadi nacho?

JEHOVHA ndiye Muchengeti weNguva Mukuru. Nguva dzose nemwaka zvine chokuita nebasa rake zviri kudzorwa naye. (Mabasa 1:7) Zviitiko zvose zvaakagovera kunguva idzi nemwaka zvechokwadi zvichaitika. Hazvizokundikani.

2, 3. Dhanieri akafungisisa nezvouprofita hupi, uye umambo hupi hwakanga huchitonga Bhabhironi panguva iyoyo?

² Somudzidzi anoshingaira weMagwaro, muprofita Dhanieri aitenda kuti Jehovha anokwanisa kuronga nguva yezviitiko ndokuzvizadzika. Chainyanya kudiwa naDhanieri hwaiva uprofita hune chokuita nokuparadzwa kweJerusarema. Jeremia akanga anyora zvakaratidzwa naMwari pamusoro pokuti guta dzvene raizopedza nguva yakareba sei riri dongo, uye Dhanieri akanyatsofungisisa uprofita uhwu. Akanyora kuti: “Zvino negore rokutanga raDhariusi mwanakomana waAhasuerosi, worudzi rwavaMedhia, wakanga aitwa mambo woushe hwavaKardhea, negore rokutanga rokubata kwake ushe, ini Dhanieri ndakanzwisisa pabhuku kuti makore mangani akanga audzwa muprofita Jeremia neshoko raJehovha kusvikira pakupera kwokuparadzwa kweJerusarema, kuti aiva makore makumi manomwe.”—Dhanieri 9:1, 2; Jeremia 25:11.

³ Panguva iyeyo Dhariusi muMedhia aibata “ushe hwavaKardhea.” Izvo Dhanieri akanga afanotaura paakanga achidudzira zvakanga zvakanyorwa pamadziro zvakanga zvazadzika nokukurumidza. Umambo hweBhabhironi hwakanga hwaparara. Hwakanga “hwapiwa vaMedhia navaPersia” muna 539 B.C.E.—Dhanieri 5:24-28, 30, 31.

DHANIERI ANOTETERERA JEHOVHA NOKUZVININIPISA

4. (a) Chii chaidikanwa kuitira kuti vasunungurwe naMwari? (b) Dhanieri akapfuurira sei kutaura naJehovha?

⁴ Dhanieri akaona kuti kuitwa dongo kweJerusarema kwemakore 70 kwakanga kwoda kuguma. Chiizve chaaizoita? Iye pachake anotiudza kuti: “Ndikarinzira chiso changu kunaShe Mwari, ndikamutsvaka nokunyengetera nokukumbira, nokuzvinyima zvokudya, namasaga namadota. Ndikanyengetera kuna Jehovha Mwari wangu, ndikazvireurura zvivi.” (Dhanieri 9:3, 4) Mwoyo wakarurama waidikanwa kuti vasunungurwe netsitsi naMwari. (Revhitiko 26:31-46; 1 Madzimambo 8:46-53) Paidikanwa kutenda, murangariro wokuzvininipisa, uye kupfidza kwakakwana pazvivi zvakanga zvakonzera kuitwa nhapwa nevaranda. Akamiririra vanhu vake vaive nezvivi, naizvozvo Dhanieri akabva ataura naMwari. Sei? Nokutsanya, kuchema, uye kuzvipfekedza masaga, chiratidzo chokupfidza nechokuti ndezvemwoyo wose.

5. Nei Dhanieri aigona kuva nechivimbo chokuti vaJudha vaizodzorerwa kunyika yokumusha kwavo?

⁵ Uprofita hwaJeremia hwakanga hwapa Dhanieri tariro, nokuti hwakaratidza kuti vaJudha vaizokurumidza kudzorerwa kunyika yokumusha kwavo yeJudha. (Jeremia 25:12; 29:10) Pasina mubvunzo, Dhanieri akanzwa ane chivimbo chokuti rusununguko rwaizouya kuvaJudha vakanga vakasungwa nokuti murume ainzi Koreshi akanga ava kutotonga samambo wePersia. Isaya akanga asina kuprofita here kuti Koreshi aizoshandiswa kusunungura vaJudha kuti vanovakazve Jerusarema netemberi? (Isaya 44:28–45:3) Asi Dhanieri akanga asingazivi kuti izvozvo zvaizoitika sei. Saka akaramba achinyengetera kuna Jehovha.

6. Dhanieri akabvumei mumunyengetero wake?

⁶ Dhanieri akafunga nezvetsitsi nemutsa nokuvimbika kwaMwari. Nokuzvininipisa, akabvuma kuti vaJudha vakanga vatadza nokupanduka, vachifuratira mitemo yaJehovha, uye vachifuratira vaprofita vake. Mwari nenzira yakakodzera a“kavadzing[a], nemhaka yokudarika kwavaka[mu]darikira” nakwo. Dhanieri akanyengetera kuti: “Haiwa, Ishe, kunyara kwezviso kuri kwatiri isu, kumadzimambo edu, namachinda edu, namadzibaba edu, nokuti takakutadzirai. KunaShe Mwari wedu ndiko kune nyasha nokukanganwira, nokuti takamumukira; uye hatina kuteerera inzwi raJehovha Mwari wedu, kuti tifambe nemirayiro yake yaakaisa pamberi pedu navaranda vake vaprofita. Zvirokwazvo vaIsraeri vose vakadarika murayiro wenyu, vachitsauka, kuti varege kuteerera inzwi renyu; nemhaka iyo kutuka kwenyu kwakadururirwa pamusoro pedu, nokupika kwakanyorwa mumurayiro waMosesi muranda waMwari; nokuti takamutadzira.”—Dhanieri 9:5-11; Eksodho 19:5-8; 24:3, 7, 8.

7. Nei zvichigona kutaurwa kuti Jehovha akaita zvakarurama kubvumira vaJudha kupinda muutapwa?

⁷ Mwari akanga anyevera vaIsraeri pamusoro pemigumisiro yokusamuteerera nokuzvidza sungano yaakanga aita navo. (Revhitiko 26:31-33; Dheuteronomio 28:15; 31:17) Dhanieri anobvuma kururama kwezviito zvaMwari, achiti: “Wakasimbisa mashoko ake aakatitaurira isu navatongi vedu vaititonga, achiuyisa pamusoro pedu chinhu chikuru chakaipa; nokuti pasi pedenga rose hakuna kumboitwa chinhu chakadai chakaitirwa Jerusarema. Sezvazvakanyorwa pamurayiro waMosesi, zvakaipa izvi zvose zvakatiwira; kunyange zvakadaro hatina kukumbira tsitsi kuna Jehovha Mwari wedu, kuti titsauke pazvakaipa zvedu nokungwarira zvokwadi yenyu. Naizvozvo Jehovha wakarindira zvakaipa, akazviuyisa pamusoro pedu; nokuti Jehovha Mwari wedu wakarurama pamabasa ake ose aanoita, asi isu hatina kuteerera inzwi rake.”—Dhanieri 9:12-14.

8. Chikumbiro chaDhanieri kuna Jehovha chinoitirwei?

⁸ Dhanieri haatsvaki kupembedza zviito zvevanhu vekwake. Kutapwa kwavo kwaive kwakakodzera zvakarurama, sezvaanobva angobvuma kuti: “Takatadza, takaita zvakashata.” (Dhanieri 9:15) Haasizve kungonetseka nokusunungurwa pakutambura. Aiwa, chikumbiro chake anochiitira mbiri nokukudzwa kwaJehovha pachake. Nokuregerera vaJudha nokuvadzosera kunyika yokumusha kwavo, Mwari aizozadzisa zvaakavimbisa nokuna Jeremia uye aizotsvenesa zita Rake dzvene. Dhanieri anokumbira kuti: “Haiwa Ishe, nokuda kwokururama kwenyu kwose, ndinokunyengeterai kuti kutsamwa kwenyu nehasha dzenyu zvidzorwe paguta renyu reJerusarema, iro gomo renyu dzvene; nemhaka yezvivi zvedu, uye nemhaka yezvakaipa zvamadzibaba edu, Jerusarema navanhu venyu vakaitwa chinhu chinoshorwa pakati pavose vanotipoteredza.”—Dhanieri 9:16.

9. (a) Dhanieri anopedzisa munyengetero wake nezvikumbiro zvei? (b) Chii chinotambudza Dhanieri, asi anoratidza sei kuremekedza zita raMwari?

⁹ Mumunyengetero wemwoyo wose, Dhanieri anopfuurira achiti: “Naizvozvo zvino, imi Mwari wedu, inzwai kunyengetera kwomuranda wenyu, nezvaanokumbira, muvhenekere nechiso chenyu panzvimbo yenyu tsvene, yava dongo, nokuda kwaShe. Haiwa, Mwari wangu, rerekerai nzeve yenyu, munzwe; svinudzai meso enyu, muone kuparadzwa kwedu, neguta rakatumidzwa zita renyu; nokuti hatisvitsi mikumbiro yedu pamberi penyu nokuda kwezvakarurama zvedu, asi nokuda kwenyasha dzenyu huru. Haiwa, Ishe, inzwai; Ishe, kanganwirai; Ishe, teererai, muite; regai kunonoka, nokuda kwenyu, imi Mwari wangu, nokuda kweguta renyu navanhu venyu vakatumidzwa zita renyu.” (Dhanieri 9:17-19) Kudai Mwari akanga asingakanganwiri uye akasiya vanhu vake vari muutapwa, achibvumira guta rake dzvene, Jerusarema, kugara riri dongo kwenguva isingazivikanwi, marudzi aizomuona saChangamire Wezvisikwa Zvose here? Aisazoguma ati Jehovha akanga asina simba rokurwisa simba ravanamwari veBhabhironi here? Hungu, zita raJehovha raizozvidzwa, uye izvi zvinotambudza Dhanieri. Paka19 ako zita raMwari, Jehovha, rinowanikwa mubhuku raDhanieri (NW), ka18 kane chokuita nemunyengetero uyu!

GABRIERI ANOUYA NOKUKURUMIDZA

10. (a) Ndiani akatumwa kuna Dhanieri, uye nei? (b) Nei Dhanieri akataura nezvaGabrieri so“murume”?

¹⁰ Dhanieri achiri kunyengetera, ngirozi Gabrieri inooneka. Inoti: “Dhanieri, ndauya zvino kukuvigira njere nokunzwisisa. Chirevo chakatemwa, uchangotanga kukumbira, zvino ndauya kuzokuudza; nokuti uri murume unodikanwa kwazvo; naizvozvo funga shoko iri, unzwisise zvawakaratidzwa.” Asi nei Dhanieri achitaura nezvayo se“uya murume Gabrieri”? (Dhanieri 9:20-23) Dhanieri paakatsvaka kunzwisisa chiono chake chokutanga chenhongo negondohwe, “mumwe akanga akaita somunhu” akamira pamberi pake. Yakanga iri ngirozi Gabrieri, yakanga yatumirwa kunopa Dhanieri kunzwisisa. (Dhanieri 8:15-17) Saizvozvowo, Dhanieri anyengetera, ngirozi iyi yakauya pedyo naye yakaita somunhu ndokutaura naye sezvinoita munhu kune mumwe.

11, 12. (a) Kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kusina temberi kana kuti artari yaJehovha kuBhabhironi, vaJudha vakavimbika vakaratidza sei kuremekedza zvipo zvaipiwa zvaidiwa noMutemo? (b) Nei Dhanieri akadanwa kuti “murume unodikanwa kwazvo”?

¹¹ Gabrieri anosvika “nenguva inenge yechipo chamadekwana.” Artari yaJehovha yakanga yaputswa pamwe chete netemberi muJerusarema, uye vaJudha vakanga vari nhapwa dzevahedheni veBhabhironi. Naizvozvo zvinobayirwa zvakanga zvisiri kupiwa kuna Mwari nevaJudha vaiva muBhabhironi. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vaJudha vakanga vakazvipira vaiva muBhabhironi varumbidze nokukumbira Jehovha, panguva yakarongwa yokupira paMutemo waMosesi. Somurume akanga akazvipira zvikuru kuna Mwari, Dhanieri akanzi “murume unodikanwa kwazvo.” Jehovha, wo“kunzwa munyengetero,” aimufarira, uye Gabrieri akatumwa nokukurumidza kunopindura munyengetero waDhanieri wokutenda.—Pisarema 65:2.

¹² Kunyange zvazvo kunyengetera kuna Jehovha kwakanga kwaisa upenyu hwake mungozi, Dhanieri akaramba achinyengetera kuna Mwari katatu pazuva. (Dhanieri 6:10, 11) Saka Jehovha akamuwana achidikanwa kwazvo! Pamusoro pomunyengetero, kufungisisa kwaDhanieri Shoko raMwari kwakamugonesa kusarudza kuda kwaMwari. Dhanieri akaramba achinyengetera uye aiziva nzira yokutaura nayo naJehovha zvakafanira kuti minyengetero yake ipindurwe. Akasimbisa kururama kwaJehovha. (Dhanieri 9:7, 14, 16) Uye kunyange zvazvo vavengi vake vakanga vasingagoni kumuwanira mhaka, Dhanieri aiziva kuti aiva mutadzi mumeso aMwari uye akakurumidza kureurura chivi chake.—Dhanieri 6:4; VaRoma 3:23.

“VHIKI DZINE MAKUMI MANOMWE” DZOKUGUMISA CHIVI

13, 14. (a) Mashokoi anokosha ayo Gabrieri akaudza Dhanieri? (b) “Vhiki dzine makumi manomwe,” dzakareba sei uye tinoziva sei?

¹³ Imhinduro inoshamisa sei iyo Dhanieri anogara achinyengetera anogamuchira! Jehovha haangomuvimbisi bedzi kuti vaJudha vachadzorerwa kunyika yokumusha kwavo asi anomuitawo kuti anzwisise chimwe chinhu chinokosha zvikuru—kuoneka kwaMesiya akafanotaurwa. (Genesi 22:17, 18; Isaya 9:6, 7) Gabrieri anoudza Dhanieri kuti: “Vhiki dzine makumi manomwe dzakatemerwa vanhu vako neguta rako dzvene, kupedzisa kudarika nokugumisa zvivi, nokuyananisira zvakaipa, nokuuyisa kururama kusingaperi, nokusimbisa zvakaratidzwa nouprofita, nokuzodza nzvimbo tsvene-tsvene. Naizvozvo chiziva unzwisise, kuti kubva pakutemwa kwomurayiro wokuvandudza nokuvaka Jerusarema kusvikira kune wakazodzwa, iye muchinda, zvichaita vhiki nomwe; uye vhiki dzina makumi matanhatu nembiri dzichavapo dzokuvakwa kwaro, rine nzvimbo mhamhi nemigero, asi zvichaitwa nenguva yokutambudzika.”—Dhanieri 9:24, 25.

¹⁴ Zvechokwadi aya akanga ari mashoko akanaka! Jerusarema raisazongovakwazve kunamata kwodzorerwa patemberi itsva asiwo “Wakazodzwa, iye Muchinda” aizooneka panguva chaiyo yakataurwa. Izvi zvaizoitika mu“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe.” Sezvo Gabrieri asingatauri mazuva, idzi hadzisi vhiki dzemazuva manomwe imwe neimwe, dzaizosvika mazuva 490—rinongova gore rimwe bedzi nechidimbu chimwe muzvitatu. Kuvakwazve kweJerusarema “rine nzvimbo mhamhi nemigero” kwakafanotaurwa kwakatora nguva yakareba kupfuura ipapo. Vhiki dzacho ivhiki dzamakore. Kuti vhiki imwe neimwe yakareba makore manomwe zvinoratidzwa neshanduro dzazvino uno dzinoverengeka. Somuenzaniso, “vhiki dzine makumi manomwe dzamakore” ndiko kushandura kunoratidzwa nemashoko omuzasi ari pana Dhanieri 9:24 muTanakh—The Holy Scriptures rakabudiswa neThe Jewish Publication Society. An American Translation inoti: “Vhiki dzine makumi manomwe dzemakore dzakagadzirirwa vanhu vako neguta rako dzvene.” Kushandura kwakafanana kunooneka mushanduro dzaMoffatt naRotherham.

15. “Vhiki dzine makumi manomwe” dzakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvipi zvitatu uye dzaizotanga rini?

¹⁵ Maererano nemashoko engirozi, “vhiki dzine makumi manomwe” dzaizokamurwa kuva nguva nhatu: (1) “vhiki nomwe,” (2) “vhiki dzine makumi matanhatu nembiri,” uye (3) vhiki imwe. Iwayo aizova makore 49, makore 434, uye makore 7—pamwe zvichiita makore 490. Sezvineiwo, The Revised English Bible rinoti: “Makore makumi manomwe akapetwa kanomwe atemerwa vanhu vako neguta rako dzvene.” Pashure poutapwa nokutambura kwavo vari muBhabhironi kwemakore 70, vaJudha vaizoona nyasha chaidzo kubva kuna Mwari kwemakore 490, kana kuti makore 70 akapetwa ka7. Pokutangira paizova “kubva pakutemwa kwomurayiro wokuvandudza nokuvaka Jerusarema.” Izvi zvaizoitika rini?

“VHIKI DZINE MAKUMI MANOMWE” DZINOTANGA

16. Sezvakaratidzwa nomurayiro wake, Koreshi akadzorererei vaJudha kunyika yokumusha kwavo?

¹⁶ Zviitiko zvitatu zvinokosha zvinofanira kurangarirwa pamusoro pokutanga kwe“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe.” Chokutanga chakaitika muna 537 B.C.E. Koreshi paakabudisa murayiro wake achidzorera vaJudha kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Unoti: “Zvanzi naKoreshi mambo wePersia: Jehovha Mwari wokudenga wakandipa ushe hwose hwenyika akandirayira kuti ndimuvakire imba paJerusarema riri paJudha. Zvino aninani uripo pakati penyu wavanhu vake, Jehovha Mwari wake ngaave naye, ngaakwire hake Jerusarema riri paJudha, kundovaka imba yaJehovha Mwari waIsraeri (ndiye Mwari), unogara Jerusarema. Aninani wakasara, papi napapi paanogara, varume vokwake ngavamubatsire nesirivha, nendarama, nenhumbi, nemombe, uye nezvipo zvavanopa nokuzvidira, kuzovaka imba yaMwari iri paJerusarema.” (Ezra 1:2-4) Sezviri pachena, chinangwa chikuru chomurayiro uyu chaive chokuita kuti temberi—“imba yaJehovha”—ivakwazve payaimbova.

17. Tsamba yakapiwa Ezra yakapa chikonzero chei cherwendo rwake rwokuenda Jerusarema?

¹⁷ Chiitiko chechipiri chakaitika mugore rechinomwe rokutonga kwaMambo Artashasta (Artashasta Longimanus, mwanakomana waXerxes I). Panguva iyoyo, Ezra munyori akaita rwendo rwemwedzi mina kubva kuBhabhironi achienda Jerusarema. Akaenda netsamba inokosha yaibva kuna mambo, asi yakanga isingabvumiri kuvakwazve kweJerusarema. Pazvimbo paizvozvo, basa raEzra rakanga richingova roku‘shongedza imba yaJehovha’ chete. Ndosaka tsamba yacho yakataura nezvendarama nesirivha, midziyo mitsvene, nemipiro yegorosi, waini, mafuta, uye munyu zvokutsigira kunamata patemberi, pamwe nokusunungurwa pamutero kwevaishandapo.—Ezra 7:6-27.

18. Mashoko api akashungurudza Nehemia, uye Mambo Artashasta akazviziva sei?

¹⁸ Chiitiko chechitatu chakaitika makore 13 gare gare, mugore rechi20 raMambo Artashasta wePersia. Nehemia ipapo akanga achishanda somudiri wake “panhare yamambo paShushani.” Jerusarema rakanga ravakwawo haro zvishoma nevakasara vakanga vadzoka vachibva kuBhabhironi. Asi zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kumira zvakanaka. Nehemia akanzwa kuti ‘masvingo eJerusarema akanga akoromoka uye masuo aro chaiwo akanga apiswa nomoto.’ Izvi zvakamushungurudza kwazvo, uye akapunyaira neshungu dzemwoyo. Abvunzwa nezvokusuruvara kwake, Nehemia akapindura kuti: “Mambo ngaararame nokusingaperi! Chiso changu chingaregereiko kupunyaira, kana guta iro rina marinda amadzibaba angu, rava dongo, namasuo aro atsva nomoto?”—Nehemia 1:1-3; 2:1-3.

19. (a) Paakabvunzwa naMambo Artashasta, Nehemia akatanga amboitei? (b) Nehemia akakumbirei, uye akabvuma sei zvakaitwa naMwari munhau yacho?

¹⁹ Nhoroondo inobatanidza Nehemia inopfuurira ichiti: “Ipapo mambo akati kwandiri: Unokumbireiko? Zvino ndikanyengetera kuna Mwari wokudenga, ndikati kuna mambo: Kana mambo achifara nazvo, kana muranda wenyu awana tsitsi kwamuri, ndinokumbira kuti munditume kwaJudha, kuguta ramarinda amadzibaba angu, ndindorivaka.” Chikumbiro ichi chakafadza Artashasta, uyo akaitawo chiito pamusoro pechimwezve chakakumbirwa naNehemia: “Kana mambo achifara nazvo, ndinokumbira kuti ndipiwe nwadhi dzakanyorerwa vabati vari mhiri kworwizi [Yufratesi], vanditendere kupfuura ndisvike kwaJudha; neimwe nwadhiwo kuna Asafi mutariri wedondo ramambo andipe miti yokuita nayo matanda emasuo enhare yapaimba yaMwari nookuisa parusvingo rweguta napaimba yandichapinda.” Nehemia akabvuma zvakaitwa naJehovha pazvose izvi, achiti: “Mambo akandipa [nwadhi dzacho] nokuti ruoko rwakanaka rwaMwari wangu rwakanga ruri pamusoro pangu.”—Nehemia 2:4-8.

20. (a) Shoko roku“vandudza nokuvaka Jerusarema” rakaitika rini? (b) “Vhiki dzine makumi manomwe” dzakatanga rini uye dzakaguma rini? (c) Uchapupui hunoratidza kururama kwemisi yokutanga nokuguma kwe“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe”?

²⁰ Kunyange zvazvo mvumo yakapiwa mumwedzi waNisani, nechokokutanga kwegore rechi20 rokutonga kwaArtashasta, “kutemwa kwomurayiro wokuvandudza nokuvaka Jerusarema” chaiko kwakaitika mwedzi yakati kuti pave paya. Izvi zvakaitika Nehemia paakasvika muJerusarema ndokutanga basa rake rokudzorera. Rwendo rwaEzra rwakanga rwatora mwedzi mina, asi Shushani yaiva anopfuura makiromita 322 kumabvazuva kweBhabhironi kuchitova kure neJerusarema. Kana zvakadaro, zvingangoita kuti kusvika kwaNehemia muJerusarema kwakaitika pedyo nokupera kwegore rechi20 rokutonga kwaArtashasta, kana kuti muna 455 B.C.E. Ipapo ndipo pakatangira “vhiki dzine makumi manomwe,” dzakafanotaurwa kana kuti makore 490. Dzaizoguma mukunopera kwa36 C.E.—Ona “Kutonga kwaArtashasta Kwakatanga Rini?” papeji 197.

“WAKAZODZWA, IYE MUCHINDA” ANOONEKA

21. (a) Chii chaifanira kuitwa mu“vhiki nomwe” dzokutanga, uye pasinei nemamiriro api ezvinhu? (b) Mesiya aifanira kuoneka mugore ripi, uye Evhangeri yaRuka inoti chii chakaitika panguva iyoyo?

²¹ Pakapera makore mangani Jerusarema risati ravakwazve chaizvoizvo? Kudzorerwazve kweguta racho kwaifanira kuitwa “nenguva yokutambudzika” nemhaka yezvinetso zvaiva pakati pevaJudha pachavo nokushora kwavaSamaria nevamwe. Basa racho sezviri pachena rakapedzwa kusvika paidikanwa munenge muna 406 B.C.E.—mukati me“vhiki nomwe,” kana kuti makore 49. (Dhanieri 9:25) Nguva yevhiki 62 kana kuti makore 434 aizotevera. Pashure penguva iyoyo Mesiya akanga anguri apikirwa aizooneka. Kuverenga makore 483 (49 kubatanidza 434) kubva muna 455 B.C.E. kunotisvitsa muna 29 C.E. Chii chakaitika panguva iyoyo? Munyori weEvhangeri Ruka anotiudza kuti: “Negore regumi nemashanu rokubata kwaTibherio Kesari, Pontio Pirato ari mubati weJudhea, Herodhe ari mubati weGarirea, . . . shoko raMwari rakauya kuna Johane mwanakomana waZakaria, murenje. Iye akaenda munyika yose yakapoteredza yaJoridhani, akaparidza rubhabhatidzo rwokutendeuka kuzokanganwirwa zvivi.” Panguva iyoyo “vanhu zvavakanga vachitarisira” Mesiya.—Ruka 3:1-3, 15, NW.

22. Ndirini uye munzirai apo Jesu akava Mesiya akafanotaurwa?

²² Johane akanga asiri iye Mesiya akapikirwa. Asi pamusoro pezvaakaona pakubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu weNazareta, mukunopera kwa29 C.E., Johane akati: “Ndakaona Mweya achiburuka kudenga senjiva, akagara pamusoro pake. Neni ndakanga ndisingamuzivi; asi wakandituma kubhabhatidza nemvura, ndiye wakati kwandiri: Uyo waunoona Mweya achiburuka pamusoro pake, akagara pamusoro pake ndiye unobhabhatidza noMweya Mutsvene. Ini ndikaona, ndikapupura kuti uyu ndiye Mwanakomana waMwari.” (Johane 1:32-34) Paakabhabhatidzwa, Jesu akava Muzodziwa—Mesiya, kana kuti Kristu. Chinguva pashure paizvozvo, mudzidzi waJohane Andreasi akasangana naJesu akazodzwa ndokuudza Simoni Petro kuti: “Tawana Mesiasi.” (Johane 1:41) Saka, “Wakazodzwa, iye Muchinda” akauya nenguva chaiyo—pakupera kwevhiki 69!

ZVIITIKO ZVEVHIKI YOKUPEDZISIRA

23. Nei “Wakazodzwa, iye Muchinda” aifanira kufa, uye izvi zvaifanira kuitika rini?

²³ Chii chaifanira kuitwa muvhiki yechi70? Gabrieri akati nguva ye“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe” yakanga yatemerwa “kupedzisa kudarika nokugumisa zvivi, nokuyananisira zvakaipa, nokuuyisa kururama kusingaperi, nokusimbisa zvakaratidzwa nouprofita, nokuzodza nzvimbo tsvene-tsvene.” Kuti izvi zviitwe “Wakazodzwa, iye Muchinda” aifanira kufa. Rini? Gabrieri akati: “Zvino kana vhiki idzo dzine makumi matanhatu nembiri dzapera, wakazodzwa uchabviswa akasara asina chinhu. . . . Zvino iye uchaita sungano yakasimba navazhinji vhiki imwe; pakati pevhiki uchagumisa chibayiro nechipo.” (Dhanieri 9:26a, 27a) Nguva yakaoma yakanga iri “pakati pevhiki,” ndiko kuti, pakati pevhiki yokupedzisira yemakore.

24, 25. (a) Sezvakaprofitwa, Kristu akafa rini, uye kufa kwake nekumuka zvakagumisa chii? (b) Rufu rwaJesu rwakaita kuti chii chibvire?

²⁴ Ushumiri hwepachena hwaJesu Kristu hwakatanga mukunopera kwa29 C.E. ndokupedza makore matatu nehafu. Sezvakaprofitwa, mukutanga kwa33 C.E., Kristu aka“bviswa” apo akafa padanda rokutambudzikira, achipa upenyu hwake hwomunhu sorudzikinuro rwevanhu. (Isaya 53:8; Mateo 20:28) Kudikanwa kwezvibayiro zvemhuka nezvipo zvinopiwa zvakanyorwa muMutemo zvakaguma apo Jesu akamutswa akapa ukoshi hweupenyu hwake hwemunhu hwakabayirwa kuna Mwari kudenga. Kunyange zvazvo vapristi vechiJudha vakaramba vachipa zvinopiwa kusvikira pakuparadzwa kwetemberi yeJerusarema muna 70 C.E., zvibayiro zvakadaro zvakanga zvisingachagamuchiriki kuna Mwari. Zvakanga zvatsiviwa nechibayiro chiri nani, chimwe chaisafanira kuzombodzokororwazve. Muapostora Pauro akanyora kuti: “[Kristu] akapa chibayiro chimwe nokuda kwezvivi nokusingaperi . . . Nokuti akaita kuti vanotsveneswa vakwane nokusingaperi nechibayiro chimwe chinopiwa.”—VaHebheru 10:12, 14, NW.

²⁵ Kunyange zvazvo chivi norufu zvakaramba zvichitambudza vanhu, kuurawa kwaJesu nokumutsirwa kwake kuupenyu hwokudenga kwakazadzika uprofita. Kwaka‘bvisa kudarika, kukagumisa chivi, kwakaita kuyananiswa kwezvivi, ndokuunza kururama.’ Mwari akanga abvisa sungano yoMutemo, yakanga yafumura nokuratidza vaJudha sevatadzi. (VaRoma 5:12, 19, 20; VaGaratia 3:13, 19; VaEfeso 2:15; VaKorose 2:13, 14) Zvino zvivi zvevatadzi vanopfidza zvaigona kudzimwa, nezvirango zvavo zvaigona kubviswa. Nechibayiro chaMesiya chinoyananisa, kuyanana naMwari kwakaitwa kuti kubvire kune avo vairatidza kutenda. Vaigona kutarisira kugamuchira chipo chaMwari che“upenyu husingaperi muna Kristu Jesu.”—VaRoma 3:21-26; 6:22, 23; 1 Johane 2:1, 2.

26. Kunyange zvazvo sungano yoMutemo yakanga yabviswa, isungano ipi ‘yakaramba ichishanda kwevhiki imwe’? (b) Chii chakaitika pakupera kwevhiki yechi70?

²⁶ Naizvozvo zvakaitika kuti Jehovha akabvisa sungano yoMutemo norufu rwaKristu muna 33 C.E. Zvino zvaigona kutaurwa sei kuti Mesiya “uchaita sungano yakasimba nevazhinji vhiki imwe”? Nokuti akachengeta sungano yaakaita naAbrahama ichishanda. Kusvikira vhiki yechi70 yaguma, Mwari akawedzera zvikomborero zvesungano iyoyo kuvana vaAbrahama vechiHebheru. Asi pakuguma kwe“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe” dzemakore muna 36 C.E., muapostora Petro akaparidzira murume wechiTariyana akanga akavimbika Kornerio, veimba yake, uye vamwe Vemamwe Marudzi. Uye kubva pazuva iroro, mashoko akanaka akatanga kuparidzirwa pakati pevanhu vemarudzi.—Mabasa 3:25, 26; 10:1-48; VaGaratia 3:8, 9, 14.

27. “Nzvimbo tsvene-tsvene” yakazodzwa chii, uye sei?

²⁷ Uprofita hwacho hwakafanotaurawo nezvokuzodzwa kwe“nzvimbo tsvene-tsvene.” Izvi hazvirevi kuzodzwa kweWokumusorosoro, kana kuti kamuri romukatikati, retemberi yemuJerusarema. Mashoko okuti “nzvimbo tsvene-tsvene” pano ari kutaura nezvenzvimbo tsvene yokudenga yaMwari. Ikoko, Jesu akapa ukoshi hwechibayiro chake chomunhu kuna Baba vake. Kubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu, muna 29 C.E., kwakazodza, kana kuti kwakatsaura, nzvimbo iyoyo yokudenga, inomiririrwa neWokumusorosoro wetabhernakeri yepasi netemberi yakazotevera.—VaHebheru 9:11, 12.

UPROFITA HWAKASIMBISWA NAMWARI

28. Chii chairehwa no‘kuisa chisimbiso pachiono nepamuprofita’?

²⁸ Uprofita hwaMesiya hwakataurwa nengirozi Gabrieri hwakataurawo nezve‘kuiswa kwechisimbiso pachiono nomuprofita.’ Izvi zvaireva kuti zvinhu zvose zvakataurwa pamusoro paMesiya—zvose zvaakaita nechibayiro chake, kumuka, nokuoneka kudenga, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoitika muvhiki yechi70—zvaizodhindwa nechisimbiso chokutenderwa naMwari, zvaizova zvechokwadi, uye zvaigona kuvimbwa nazvo. Chiono chacho chaizoiswa chisimbiso, chaMesiya chete. Kuzadzika kwacho kwaizova maari nebasa raMwari nemaari. Kunongova nokuna Mesiya wakafanotaurwa bedzi kwataigona kuwana kududzirwa kwakarurama kwechiono ichi. Hapana chimwe chaigona kududzira zvachaireva.

29. Chii chaifanira kuitika kuJerusarema rakavakwazve, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chei?

²⁹ Gabrieri akanga ambofanotaura kuti Jerusarema raizovakwazve. Zvino anofanotaura nezvokuparadzwa kweguta iroro rakavakwazve netemberi yaro achiti: “Vachaparadza guta nezvimbo tsvene; asi kuguma kwazvo kuchauya nokukukurwa, kurwa kuchavapo kusvikira pakuguma; kuparadza kwakatemwa. . . . Zvino muparadzi uchasvika nebapiro rezvinonyangadza; kusvikira pakuguma kwazvo kwakagara kwatarwa, kutsamwa kuchadururirwa pamusoro pezvakaparadzwa.” (Dhanieri 9:26b, 27b) Kunyange zvazvo kuparadzwa uku kwaizoitika pashure pe“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe,” kwaizova mugumisiro wakananga wezviitiko zvomukati me“vhiki” yokupedzisira, apo vaJudha vakaramba Kristu ndokumuurayisa.—Mateo 23:37, 38.

30. Sezvinoratidzwa nechinyorwa chenhau dzakaitika, chipikirwa choMuchengeti Wenguva Mukuru chakazadzika sei?

³⁰ Zvinyorwa zvenhau dzakaitika zvinoratidza kuti muna 66 C.E., mauto eRoma achitungamirirwa naGavhuna weSiria Cestius Gallus akapoteredza Jerusarema. Pasinei zvapo nokurwisa kwevaJudha, mauto eRoma ane mireza yawo yaiva nezvifananidzo, kana kuti zviratidzo, akapinda muguta ndokutanga kuchera masvingo etemberi nechokumusoro. Kumira kwavo ipapo kwakavaita “nyangadzi” yaigona kuparira kuparadza kwakakwana. (Mateo 24:15, 16) Muna 70 C.E., vaRoma vachitungamirirwa neMutungamiriri wemauto Titus vakauya se“kukukurwa” ndokuparadza zvechokwadi guta netemberi yaro. Hapana chakavamisa, nokuti izvi zvakanga zvapikirwa—zva“temwa”—naMwari. Muchengeti weNguva Mukuru, Jehovha, akanga azadzisazve shoko rake!

WANZWISISEI?

• Apo makore 70 okugara kweJerusarema riri dongo akanga oda kupera, Dhanieri akakumbirei kuna Jehovha?

• “Vhiki dzine makumi manomwe,” dzakanga dzakareba zvakadini uye dzakatanga nokuguma rini?

• “Wakazodzwa, iye Muchinda” akaoneka rini, uye inguva ipi yokutambudzika yaaka“bviswa”?

• Isungano ipi yakachengetwa “yakasimba navazhinji vhiki imwe”?

• Chii chakaitika pashure pe“vhiki dzine makumi manomwe”?

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 197]

Kutonga kwaArtashasta Kwakatanga Rini?

VANYORI venhau dzakaitika havabvumirani pamusoro pegore rakatanga kutonga Mambo Artashasta wePersia. Vamwe vakati akatanga mugore ra465 B.C.E. nokuti baba vake, Xerxes, vakatanga kutonga muna 486 B.C.E. ndokufa mugore rokutonga kwavo rechi21. Asi pane uchapupu hwokuti Artashasta akagara pachigaro chokutonga mugore ra475 B.C.E. uye akavamba gore rake rokutanga kutonga muna 474 B.C.E.

Zvakanyorwa nezvivezwa zvakafukunurwa muguta guru rePersia yekare Persepolis zvinoratidza kutonga pamwe chete kwaXerxes nababa vake, Dhariusi I. Kana izvi zvakatora makore 10 uye Xerxes akatonga oga kwemakore 11 Dhariusi afa muna 486 B.C.E., gore rokutanga kutonga raArtashasta raizove 474 B.C.E.

Uchapupu hwechipiri hunobatanidza Mutungamiriri wemauto weAtene Themistocles, akakunda mauto aXerxes muna 480 B.C.E. Akazovengwa nevanhu veGirisi ndokupomerwa kumukira. Themistocles akatiza ndokunopotera mumuzinda wePersia, umo akanogamuchirwa zvakanaka. Maererano nomumwe munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGiriki Thucydides, izvi zvakaitika apo Artashasta akanga “achangobva kugara pachigaro.” Munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGiriki Diodorus Siculus anoti Themistocles akafa muna 471 B.C.E. Sezvo Themistocles akakumbira gore rokuti adzidze chiPersia asati ataura naMambo Artashasta, anofanira kuve akasvika muAsia Minor kwete pashure pa473 B.C.E. Gore iroro rinotsigirwa neChronicle of Eusebius yaJerome. Sezvo Artashasta akanga “achangobva kugara pachigaro” apo Themistocles akasvika muAsia Minor muna 473 B.C.E., nyanzvi yechiGerman Ernst Hengstenberg akataura mubhuku rake rinonzi Christology of the Old Testament kuti kutonga kwaArtashasta kwakatanga muna 474 B.C.E., sezvinoitawo mamwe mabhuku. Akawedzera kuti: “Gore rechimakumi maviri raArtashasta igore ra455 Kristu asati auya.”

[Mufananidzo]

Mufananidzo waThemistocles

[Dhiagramu/Mifananidzo iri papeji 188, 189]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

“VHIKI DZINE MAKUMI MANOMWE”

Vhiki 7 Vhiki 62 Vhiki 1

Makore 49 Makore 434 Makore 7

[Mufananidzo unozadza peji yose uri papeji 180]

[Mufananidzo unozadza peji yose uri papeji 193]