Ngaahi Meʻakai Fakatupu-Ivi ʻOkú Ke Ala Maʻú
MEI HE TOKOTAHA-TOHI ʻĀ HAKE! ʻI MEKISIKOU
KO Angélica mo hono fāmili ʻe toko hongofulú naʻa nau nofo ʻi ha kiʻi kolo ʻuta ʻi he vahefonua ʻo Oaxaca, ʻi Mekisikou. Naʻa nau masiva, pea ko ʻenau meʻakaí naʻe kau ki ai ha keke koane, piini, ngaahi soosi polo fifisi, laise vai, mā melie mo e tī. “Naʻe ʻikai te mau tupu lahi,” ko e lau ia ʻa Angélica. “Naʻa mau iiki mo tutue. Naʻa mau faʻa puke—he ngaahi palopalema ʻi he keté, fanga kiʻi meʻamoʻui kainikaveá, mo e fofonú.”
Naʻe fili ʻa Angélica mo hono fāmilí ke nau hiki ki he Kolo Mekisikoú, ʻi he ʻamanaki ke maʻu ha ngāue ʻa ia te nau malava ai ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa honau tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmiká. ʻOkú ne tui ko ʻenau meʻakaí ʻoku lelei ange ia he taimí ni koeʻuhi he ʻoku kau ai ʻa e huʻakaú, fuaʻimoá, kakanoʻi manú, kilimí, ko ha kiʻi vesitapolo pea mo ha ngaahi meʻakai ngaohi kehekehe. Ka kuo hoko moʻoni ʻenau meʻakaí ʻo fakatupu-ivi ange?
Taʻefeʻunga ʻa e Meʻakaí—Mafolalahia Fēfē?
ʻI māmani lahi, ʻoku ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ai ʻa e kakai nai ʻe toko 800 miliona ʻi he mate mei he fasimanavá. Fakatatau ki he Līpooti Fakaemāmani ki he Moʻui Leleí ʻa e Kautaha Moʻui ʻa Māmaní (WHO) he 1998, ko e peseti nai ʻe 50 ʻo e mate kotoa pē ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e fānau ʻi lalo hifo ʻi he taʻu nimá ʻoku fekauʻaki ia mo e fasimanavá. Naʻa mo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau hoko ʻo haó ʻoku nau faʻa mahamahaki.
ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ʻoku taukaveʻi ai ʻe he niʻihi ko e tokolahi ʻo e kakai ʻe toko 800 miliona ʻoku nau ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e mate mei he kai ʻo fuʻu tōtuʻá. Ko ha kai taʻepalanisi ʻe lava ke iku ia ki he ngaahi mahaki tauhi hangē ko e fuʻu sisinó, mapuni ʻa e kālavá, toto māʻolunga lahi, suka, maumau ʻo e ʻaté mo e kalasi kehekehe ʻo e kanisaá. ʻI hono fakanounouʻi ʻo e meʻá, ʻoku pehē ʻe he WHO: “Ko e meʻakai taʻefeʻungá ʻokú ne kāpui ai ha tuʻunga lahi ʻo e ngaahi mahakí, ʻo kau ki ai ʻa e fasimanavá, faʻahinga nounou fakameʻatokoni pau pea mo e fuʻu hulu ʻo e maʻu meʻatokoní; pea ʻokú ne tāmateʻi, fakakonga, fakatuaiʻi, fakamamateaʻi, fakakuihi pea maumauʻi ʻa e tupu fakaetangatá ʻi ha tuʻunga lahi moʻoni ʻi māmani lahi.”
ʻI he fonua tatau pē, ʻe lava ke ʻi ai fakatouʻosi ʻa e fasimanavá mo e fuʻu sisinó. ʻI he ʻapi tatau, ʻe lava ke ʻi ai ʻa e fasimanava ʻa e fanga kiʻi valevalé pea pehē ki he ngaahi palopalema tuʻumaʻu ʻo e sisino ʻa e kakai lalahí. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻe niʻihi ko e tokotaha tatau pē ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai feʻunga ʻene meʻakaí ʻi heʻene kei siʻí ʻoku fuʻu sino ia ʻi he tuʻunga ko ha tokotaha lahí. ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa e meʻa ko iá ki he faʻahinga ʻa ia ʻoku nau hiki mei he kolo ʻutá ki he kolo lahí.
ʻOku ʻikai ke mahinoʻi ʻe he kakai tokolahi ʻa e felāveʻi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ʻenau tuʻunga moʻui leleí mo ʻenau ngaahi tōʻonga kaí. Mahalo pē ko e tupu eni mei he ʻikai hā leva ʻa e ola ʻo ha meʻakai ʻoku ʻikai sai ki hoto tuʻunga moʻui leleí. Ka ko ha meʻakai fakatupu moʻui lelei ʻe lava ke ne taʻofi ʻa e ngaahi mahaki lahi. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku fakafuofua ʻe he WHO ʻoku aʻu ki he peseti ʻe 40 ʻo e ngaahi keisi kanisaá ne mei lava ke taʻofi ia ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga kai lelei angé pea ʻi he fakamālohisinó. Ka ʻe lava fēfē ke ke fakaleleiʻi hoʻo kaí?
Founga ke Fakaleleiʻi Ai Hoʻo Kaí
ʻOku vakai ʻa e niʻihi ki he meʻakaí ʻoku vahevahe ia ki he kulupu tefito ʻe tolu. Ko e ʻuluaki kulupú ʻoku kau ai ʻa e sīlioló, hangē ko e koane, uite, laise, ʻouti, lai, paʻale mo e mīleti, pea pehē ki he ngaahi ʻakau foha, hangē ko e patetá mo e ʻufí. Ko e ngaahi kapohaituleti ko ení ʻoku ʻomai vave ai ʻa e iví. Ko e kulupu hono uá ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e lekiumé, hangē ko e pīní, soipiini, lenitile, fanga kiʻi piisi fuoīkí, mo e piini fuolalahí, pea mo e meʻakai ʻe niʻihi ko e tupu mei he monumanú, hangē ko e kakanoʻi manú, iká, fuaʻimoá mo e huʻakaú pea mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ngaohi mei aí. Ko e ngaahi maʻuʻanga eni ʻo e polotiní, ʻaioné, singikí mo e ngaahi vaitamini ʻe niʻihi. Ko e kulupu hono tolú ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e fuaʻiʻakaú mo e vesitapoló. ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he ongo meʻá ni ʻa e ngaahi vaitamini mo e minulolo ʻoku fiemaʻú. ʻOku nau toe tokonaki mai ʻa e faipa mo ʻomai ʻa e iví, pea ʻoku nau fakafofongaʻi ʻa e maʻuʻanga fakanatula pē ʻe taha ʻo e vaitamini C.
Fakatatau kia Dr. Héctor Bourges, ʻa e talēkita ki he meʻakaí ʻi he Kautaha Fakafonua Salavatoa Zubirán ki he Saienisi Fakafaitoʻó mo e Meʻakaí (INCMNSZ) ʻa Mekisikoú, ko ha meʻakai fakatupu moʻui lelei kuo pau ke kakato, feʻunga pea palanisi. ʻOkú ne pehē ke tau “fakakau naʻa mo ha meʻakai pē ʻe taha mei he kulupu taki taha ʻi he houa kai taki taha pea ʻai ke kehekehe ʻi he lahi taha ʻe ala lavá ʻa e ngaahi meʻakai ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻi he kulupu taki taha, pea pehē foki ki he founga ʻo hono teuteuʻí.”
Fakakaukau angé ki he tuʻunga ʻo María. Ko ia mo hono fāmilí ʻoku nau nofo ʻi Atopixco, ko ha kolo ʻuta ʻi he vahefonua ʻo Hidalgo, Mekisikoú. Naʻa nau masiva ʻaupito, pea ko ʻenau meʻakai tefitó ko e keke koane, piini, pasitā, laise mo e polo fifisi. ʻI he kehe mei he fāmili ʻo Angélica, naʻe lave ki ai he kamatá, naʻe toe kau ki heʻenau meʻakaí ʻa e fanga kiʻi foʻi hina, sioko, fakamalu-ʻa-tēvolo mo e fanga kiʻi ʻakau iiki ki he kaí, ʻa ia ko e lahi aí naʻe tānaki mai ia mei he feituʻu ʻutá. Naʻa nau feinga ke kai fuaʻiʻakau ʻi he faʻahitaʻu ʻoku lahi aí. Naʻe iku ʻenau ngaahi feingá ki ha tuʻunga moʻui lelei ange.
Ko Dr. Adolfo Chávez, ʻa e pule ʻo e Potungāue Ngāueʻaki ʻo e Meʻakaí mo e Ako Fakaemeʻakai ʻa e INCMNSZ, ʻokú ne fokotuʻu mai ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ngaohi mei he monumanú ke fakaleleiʻi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tisí, kae ʻikai ko e meʻa tefito ia ʻo e meʻakaí. Ko e fakatātaá, te ke teuteuʻi nai ha tisi ʻo ngāueʻaki ha foʻi fuaʻimoa siʻisiʻi pē ʻo fakatahaʻi ia mo e patetá, vesitapoló pe ko ha ngaahi foʻi piini. “Ko e meʻa eni ʻoku ʻiloa ʻi he [malaʻe ʻo e] meʻakaí ko e ‘fakalahí,’” ko e lau ia ʻa Dr. Chávez. Kae kehe, ko ha kiʻi fakatokanga: Fufulu fakalelei maʻu pē ʻa e fuaʻiʻakaú mo e vesitapoló, tautefito ki he meʻa ko ia ʻe kai mataʻí.
Ko ha meʻakai kuo pau foki ke toe feʻunga ia ki he tokotaha tāutaha, pea ko e ngaahi meʻa hangē ko e taʻumotuʻá, tangata pe fefine mo e founga moʻuí kuo pau ke fakakaukauʻi. Ki he kakai lalahí, ʻoku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he niʻihi ʻa hono kai ʻa e fuaʻiʻakau mo e/pe vesitapolo ʻe ua ʻi he houa kai taki taha pea fakalahi ʻa hono maʻu ʻo e sīliolo uite kakató mo e lekiumé. ʻOku pehē ʻe he niʻihi ko e ngaahi meʻakai tupu mei he monumanú ke maʻu fakasiʻisiʻi pē ia ʻi he houa kai taki taha, ʻo sai ange ke fili ʻa e iká, kakanoʻi moa taʻehakilí mo e ngaahi kakanoʻi manu ʻikai ngakó. ʻOku toe fokotuʻu mai ai ke fakangatangata ʻa hono maʻu ʻa e ngakó mo e suká.
Naʻa mo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau nofo ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké pea ʻoku uesia ʻe he masivá ʻe lava he taimi ʻe niʻihi ke fakaleleiʻi ʻenau kaí. Anga-fēfē? ʻAki hono fili ʻa e ngaahi meʻakai fakatupu-iví pea ʻaki hono ʻai ke kehekehe mo fakatahaʻi kinautolu, hangē ko hono tuifio ʻa e sīlioló mo e lekiumé. ʻAki hono ngāueʻaki siʻisiʻi pē ha kakanoʻi manu pe fuaʻimoa ke fakaleleiʻi ʻaki ʻa e mahuʻinga fakaemeʻakai ʻo ha tisi. ʻAki hono ngāueʻaongaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi lauʻiʻakau lanu mata ʻoku tupu ʻi ho feituʻú pea mo e ngaahi fuaʻiʻakau fakatoʻú.
ʻOku ʻai ʻe hotau Tokotaha-Fakatupú ‘ke tupu ʻa e meʻakaí mei he fonuá’ ki he fiefia ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. (Sāme 104:14) Ko e Tohitapú, ʻi he Koheleti 9:7, ʻoku pehē ai: “ʻAlu ā; kai hoʻo meʻakai mo e fiefia.” ʻOku ʻikai ha veiveiua, ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e palanisí mo e fakafeʻungá, ʻe lava ke tau maʻu ai ʻa e ʻaonga ʻo e ngaahi meʻakai ifo mo fakatupu-ivi kuo tokonaki mai ʻe he Tokotaha-Fakatupú.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
KO E KULUPU ʻULUAKÍ: sīlioló mo e ngaahi meʻakai fohá
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
KO E KULUPU HONO UÁ: lekiume, kakanoʻi manu, ika, fuaʻimoa, mo e huʻakaú mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ngaohi mei aí
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
KO E KULUPU HONO TOLÚ: fuaʻiʻakaú mo e vesitapoló