ʻOku Palopalema Hoʻo Sio ki he Lanú?

“ʻI he taimi ʻoku ou tui vala aí, ʻoku vakaiʻi ʻe hoku uaifí ʻa e ngaahi lanu ʻoku ou filí pe ʻoku feʻungamālie,” ko e lau ia ʻa Rodney. “ʻI he kai pongipongí ʻokú ne fili mai maʻaku ha meʻi fuaʻiʻakau he ʻoku ʻikai lava ke u tala pe ʻoku momoho ʻa e fuaʻiʻakaú. ʻI he ngāué ʻoku ʻikai faʻa lava ke u ʻilo pe ko fē te u fakaava ʻi he komipiutá, koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi meʻa aí ʻoku meimei fakafaikehekeheʻi ia ʻe he lanú. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ou fakaʻuli aí, ʻoku hā tatau pē kiate au ʻa e maama hala lanu kulokulá mo e lanu matá, ko ia ʻoku ou siofi leva pe ko e maama ʻi ʻolungá ʻoku ulouló pe ko e maama ʻi laló. Kae kehe, ʻoku lava ke faingataʻa kiate au ʻa e ngaahi maama ʻoku tuʻu laine taha ki he tafaʻakí.”

KO Rodney ʻoku palopalema ʻa ʻene sio ki he lanú. Naʻá ne maʻu tukufakaholo ha mele ʻi he kēnisí ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e palopalema ʻi he lētiná—ʻa e konga ʻi loto ʻi he matá ʻokú ne lava ke tala ʻa e māmá. ʻOku maʻu ʻe Rodney ʻa e tuʻunga ko ʻení fakataha mo e toko 1 nai ʻi he toko 12 kotoa pē ʻi he kakai tangata ʻo ʻIulopé pea toko 1 nai ʻi he toko 200 kotoa pē ʻi he kakai fefiné.a ʻI he hangē ko e fuʻu tokolahi ʻo e faʻahinga ʻoku tofanga aí, ʻoku lava ke sio ʻa Rodney ki he ngaahi lanu kehekehe—ʻo ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he ʻuliʻulí mo e hinehiná. Ka ko e ngaahi lanu ʻe niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai ke hā tatau ia kiate ia ʻo hangē ko ʻene hā ki he kakai ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e malava fakanatula ki he sió.

ʻI he mata fakaetangatá, ʻoku anga-maheniʻaki ke maʻu ʻe he lētiná ʻa e sela fuo kouni ʻe tolu ʻa ia ʻokú ne tala ʻa e lanú. Ko e sela taki taha kuo faʻu ia ke ne tala ʻa e lōloa ʻo e peau ʻo e maama taki taha ʻo ha lanu tefito kehe—ʻa ia ko e lanu pulū, mata pe kulokula. Ko e maama ʻo e ngaahi peau kehé ʻokú ne ʻai ke ngāue ʻa e ngaahi sela fuo kouní, ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻilonga leva ia ki he foʻi ʻutó pea ʻai ai ke te lava ʻo tala ʻa e ngaahi lanú.b Kae kehe, ʻi he kakai ʻoku palopalema ʻenau sio ki he lanú, ʻoku vaivai ʻa e malava ʻa e ngaahi kouní ke ne tala ha lanu ʻe taha pe lahi ange pe kuo liliu ʻa e lōloa ʻo e peau ʻo e lanu ko iá, ʻo kehe ai ʻa e anga ʻenau tala ʻa e lanú. Ko e tokolahi taha ʻoku nau tofanga aí ʻoku faingataʻa ke nau fakafaikehekeheʻi ʻa e lanu engeengá, matá, moli, kulokula mo e lanu melomeló. Ko e mele ko ʻení ʻoku lava ke ne ʻai ke faingataʻa ke tala ʻa e tuʻunga fulufulua lanu mata ʻi ha foʻi mā lanu melomelo pe ʻi ha siisi lanu engeenga pe ke lava ke tala ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi ha taha ʻulu kelo kanoʻimata lanu pulū mei ha taha ʻulu kulokula kanoʻimata lanu mata. Kapau ʻoku vaivai ʻaupito ʻa e ngaahi kouni ʻokú ne tala ʻa e lanu kulokulá ʻi ha taha, ʻe hā lanu ʻuliʻuli kiate ia ha matalaʻi lose lanu kulokula. Ko e kiʻi toko siʻi pē ʻoku ʻikai lava ke nau sio ki he lanu puluú ʻi he faʻahinga ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e palopalemá ni.

Palopalema ʻi he Sio ki he Lanú mo e Fānaú

Ko e palopalema ʻi he sio ki he lanú ʻoku faʻa maʻu tukufakaholo mo maʻu ia ʻi he fanauʻí, pea ko e fānau ʻoku nau ʻi he tuʻunga ko iá ʻoku faʻa lava ke nau tala ha faikehekehe ʻo fetongiʻaki ia ʻa e mele ko ʻení ka ʻoku ʻikai haʻanau ʻilo ki ai. Ko e fakatātaá, neongo kapau ʻoku ʻikai lava ke nau sio ki he faikehekehe ʻi ha ngaahi lanu ʻe niʻihi, te nau ʻiloʻi nai ha ngaahi faikehekehe ʻi he lanu māmá mo e lanu mataʻāʻaá pea fakafehokotaki ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe ko ʻení mo e ngaahi hingoa kuo fakahingoaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi lanú. Te nau toe ako nai ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ʻaki honau ngaahi sīpinga ʻi tuʻá mo honau ngaahi fuó kae ʻikai ʻaki honau lanú. Ko hono moʻoní ʻi he kotoa e taimi ʻo ʻenau kei siʻí, ʻoku ʻikai pē ke ʻiloʻi ʻe he fānau tokolahi ia ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e palopalemá ni.

Koeʻuhi ko hono faʻa ngāueʻaki ʻi he ngaahi ʻapiakó ʻa e ngaahi meʻangāue fakafaiako ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻiʻaki ʻa e lanú ʻo tautefito ʻi he ngaahi kalasi īkí, ʻe maʻuhala nai ʻa e ngaahi mātuʻá mo e kau faiakó ʻoku ʻi ai ha palopalema fakaʻatamai ʻi ha kiʻi leka, ka ko hono moʻoní, ko e palopalema nai ia ʻo ʻene sio ki he lanú. Naʻe aʻu ʻo tauteaʻi ʻe ha faiako ha kiʻi tamasiʻi taʻu nima ʻi heʻene valivali ʻe ia ha fakatātā ʻo lanu pingikī ʻa e ʻaó, lanu mata ʻa e kakaí pea lanu melomelo ʻa e lau ʻo e ʻuluʻakaú. ʻI he vakai ha kiʻi tama ʻoku palopalema ʻene sio ki he lanú, ko e ngaahi lanu ia ko ʻení ʻoku hā fakanatula ʻaupito pē ia. Ko ia ai, ʻi ha ʻuhinga lelei, kuo fokotuʻu ai ʻe he kau maʻu mafai ʻe niʻihi ke fai hano sivi tuʻumaʻu ʻi he kei siʻi ʻaupitó pe ʻoku maʻu ʻa e palopalema ʻi he sio ki he lanú.

Neongo ʻoku ʻikai ha faitoʻo ʻe maʻu ki he tuʻungá ni, ʻoku ʻikai ʻalu ia ke kovi ange ʻi he ʻalu ʻa e taʻumotuʻá pe tupulaki hono fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo hano toe fakatupulekina ha ngaahi mele kehe ʻi he sió.c Neongo ia, ko e palopalema ʻi he sio ki he lanú ko ha mele ia ʻoku lava ke fakatupu ongoʻi feifeitamaki. Kae kehe, ʻi he malumalu ʻo e pule ʻa e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻe toʻo atu ai ʻe Sīsū Kalaisi ʻa e tafaʻaki kotoa pē ʻo e taʻehaohaoá mei he faʻahinga ʻo e tangata ʻoku nau manavahē ki he ʻOtuá. ʻI heʻene peheé, ko e kakai ʻoku palopalema ʻenau sió ʻi ha faʻahinga tuʻunga te nau sio ki he kotoa ʻo e lāngilangi ʻo e ngāue ʻa Sihová.—Aisea 35:5; Mātiu 15:​30, 31; Fakahā 21:​3, 4.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha/​Taiakalami ʻi he peesi 18]

SIVI PE ʻOKU PALOPALEMA ʻA ʻETE SIO KI HE LANÚ

Ko e sivi ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e faʻahinga palopalema ʻo e sio ʻa ha taha ki he lanú mo hono lahí ʻoku faʻa ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e ngaahi sīpinga totitoti ʻi he ngaahi lanu mo e fakalanulanu kehekehe. Ko e sivi kuo ngāueʻaki lahi ʻoku ui ko e Ishihara ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ʻo aʻu ki he ngaahi sīpinga kehekehe ʻe 38. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi hono siofi ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi sīpinga ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki he siví ʻi he ʻahó, ʻoku totonu ke sio ai ha taha ʻoku ʻikai ha palopalema ʻi heʻene sió ki he mataʻifika ko e 42 mo e 74 (tafaʻaki toʻohema), lolotonga iá ko ha taha ʻoku palopalema ʻene sio ki he lanu kulokulá mo e matá—ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e palopalemá—ʻe ʻikai nai sio ia ki ha mataʻifika ʻi ʻolunga pea 21 leva ʻi lalo.d

Kapau ʻoku sivi ʻo maʻu ha palopalema, ʻe fokotuʻu atu nai ʻe ha toketā mata ke fai ha ngaahi toe sivi ke fakapapauʻi pe naʻe maʻu tukufakaholo ia pe ko ʻene tupu ʻaʻana mei ha meʻa kehe.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Maʻuʻanga]

Ongo peleti sivi ʻo e lanú he peesi 18: Reproduced with permission from the Pseudoisochromatic Plate Ishihara Compatible (PIPIC) Color Vision Test 24 Plate Edition faʻu ʻe Dr. Terrace L. Waggoner/www.colorvisiontesting.com

[Puha ʻi he peesi 19]

KO E KAKAI TANGATÁ PĒ?

Ko e maʻu tukufakaholo ʻa e palopalema ʻi he sio ki he lanú ʻoku mafola ia ʻi he kolomosome X. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he kakai fefiné ʻa e kolomosome X ʻe ua, kae maʻu ʻe he kakai tangatá ʻa e kolomosome X mo e Y ʻe taha. Ko ia ai, kapau ʻe maʻu tukufakaholo ʻe ha fefine ha mele ʻi he sió ʻi ha kolomosome X, ʻe tāmateʻi ia ʻe he kēnisi anga-maheni ʻi he kolomosome ʻe tahá, pea ʻe sai pē ʻa ʻene sió ʻaʻana. Ka ko ha tangata ʻokú ne maʻu tukufakaholo ha mele ʻi hono kolomosome X ʻoku ʻikai ʻi ai ha toe kolomosome X ia ʻe taha ke ne hanga ʻo tāmateʻi.

[Taiakalami/​Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]

(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu kakato, sio ki he tohí)

ANGA ʻETAU SIO KI HE NGAAHI LANÚ

Ko e maama mei ha meʻa ʻoku paasi ia ʻo fou ʻi he kōniá mo e lauʻi sioʻatá ʻo ʻalu hangatonu ai ki he lētiná

Kōnia

Lauʻi sioʻata

Lētina

ʻOku mafuli ʻa e ʻīmisí ka ʻoku toki fakatonutonu ia ʻe he foʻi ʻutó

KO E NEAVE MATÁ ʻokú ne ʻave ʻa e ngaahi peau ʻo e ʻatá ki he foʻi ʻutó

KO E LĒTINÁ ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e ngaahi sela kouni mo e ngaahi sela fuololoa. Kātoa kinautolu ʻoku nau ʻai ke maʻu ʻa e malava kakato ke sió.

Sela fuololoa

Kouni

KO E NGAAHI SELA KOUNÍ ʻoku nau tala ʻa e maama ʻo e lanu kulokulá, mata pe pulū

Kulokula

Lanu mata

Pulū

[Fakatātā]

Palopalema ʻa e sio ki he lanú

ʻIkai ha palopalema ʻi he sió