Fehālaaki Naʻe Iku Ai ki he Tau ʻa e Māmaní

ʻE lava ke kamata ʻo hokonoa ha tau hono tolu ʻa e māmaní? ʻE lava ke fakafuofuahalaʻi lahi ʻe he kau taki fakapuleʻangá mo honau kau faleʻi fakakautaú ʻa e maumau ʻe hokó ʻo fakatupunga ke mole ai e moʻui ʻa e laui miliona?

ʻOKU ʻikai ke tau ʻiloʻi. Ka ʻoku tau ʻiloʻi naʻe hoko ʻa e meʻa tofu pē ko ení. ʻI ha senituli he kuohilí, naʻe taki atu ai ʻe he kau taki ʻo ʻIulopé ʻa honau ngaahi fonuá ki he Tau Lahi, naʻe ui ki mui ko e Tau I ʻa Māmaní, ʻo ʻikai te nau ʻilo ki he lahi ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga fakalilifu ʻe hoko aí. “Naʻa mau ʻalu taʻemateuteu ki he taú,” ko e vetehia ia ʻa David Lloyd George, ko ha palēmia Pilitānia mei he 1916-1922. Fakakaukau angé ki he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa tefito naʻe taki atu ki he tāmate fakalilifu ko iá.

“ʻOku ʻikai ha taha ʻo e kau taki fakapuleʻangá naʻe loto ke hoko ʻa e taú ʻi ha tuʻunga lahi,” ko e tohi ia ʻa e faihisitōlia ko A.J.P. Taylor, “ka naʻa nau loto ke fakamanamana pea naʻa nau loto ke ikuna.” Ko e sā ʻo Lūsiá naʻá ne ongoʻi kuo pau ke fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē telia ʻa e melinó. Naʻe ʻikai te ne loto ke ne fakatupunga ha tāmate anga-fakamanu. Neongo ia, kamata ʻi he foʻi fana pau ʻe ua naʻe fai nai ʻi he 11:15 pongipongi, ʻo Sune 28, 1914, naʻe ʻikai toe mapuleʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa naʻe hokó.

Fana ʻe Ua Naʻá Ne Liliuʻi ʻa e Māmaní

ʻI he aʻu mai ki he 1914, ko e ngaahi feʻauʻauhi lele lōloa ʻi he ngaahi puleʻanga hau ʻi ʻIulopé naʻá ne ʻai ke tuʻu tailiili ʻa e ngaahi fonuá pea faʻu ai ha ongo faʻahi fakafepaki: ko e Faʻahi Tolu ʻa ʻAositulia-Hungali, ʻĪtali mo Siamané mo e Talite ʻa e Toluʻi Puleʻangá ʻa Pilitānia, Falanisē mo Lūsia. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ko e ngaahi fonua ko iá naʻe ʻi ai ʻenau fepikitaki fakapolitikale mo fakaʻekonōmika mo ha toe ngaahi fonua kehe, ʻo kau ai ʻa e ngaahi fonua ʻi he ʻOtu Palakaná.

ʻI he taimi ko iá, ko e feituʻu naʻe ui ko e ʻOtu Palakaná ko ha feituʻu ia naʻe uesiangofua fakapolitikale ʻi heʻene fihia ʻi he malumalu ʻo e tuʻunga-pule ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga lalahi angé, pea naʻe lahi fau ai ʻa e ngaahi sōsaieti fakapulipuli naʻa nau faʻufaʻu ki ha tauʻatāina. Naʻe faʻufaʻufono ai ha kiʻi kulupu ʻo ha kau talavou ke fakapoongi ʻa Pilinisi Falanisisi Fetineni ʻo ʻAosituliá lolotonga ʻene ʻaʻahi ki Salievo, ko e kolomuʻa ʻo Posiniá, ʻi Sune 28.a Ko e tokosiʻi ʻa e kau polisi naʻe ʻi aí naʻe ʻai ai ke faingofua ange ʻa ʻenau ngāué. Kae kehe, ko e kau teu fakapoó, naʻe siʻi honau akoʻí. Naʻe lī ʻe ha talavou ʻe taha ha kiʻi foʻi pomu ka naʻe hala ia mei heʻene tāketí, pea ko e niʻihi kehé naʻe ʻikai lava ke nau fai ha meʻa ʻi he taimi naʻe fiemaʻu ai ki aí. Ko Gavrilo Princip ʻa e tokotaha teuaki fakapō naʻe lavameʻá—pea naʻá ne malava iá ʻi haʻane hokonoa ʻataʻatā. ʻO anga-fēfē?

ʻI he sio atu ʻa Princip ki he heka mai ʻa e pilinisí ʻoku kei ʻikai pē hoko ha kovi kiate ia ʻi he foʻi pomu naʻe lií, naʻá ne feinga ke aʻu ki he kaá ka naʻe ʻikai lava. ʻI he siva ʻene ʻamanakí, naʻá ne lue ai ʻo kolosi ʻi he halá ki ha falekai. Lolotonga ení, ko e pilinisí, ʻi heʻene ʻita ʻi he feinga fakapā pomú, naʻá ne fakapapauʻi ke ʻalu ʻi ha hala kehe. Kae kehe, ko ʻene fakaʻulí, ʻi he ʻikai te ne ʻiloʻi ʻa e liliu ʻo e ngaahi palaní, naʻá ne lele ʻi ha feituʻu hala pea naʻe pau ai ke toe fakatafoki mai ʻa e kaá. ʻI he mōmeniti tofu pē ko iá, naʻe hū mai ai ʻa Princip ki tuʻa mei he falekaí ʻoku ʻi muʻa tonu ai ʻa e tokotaha naʻá ne tāketi ki aí—ko e pilinisí ʻi heʻene kā taʻefalé ʻi ha mamaʻo siʻi hifo ʻi he mita ʻe tolú. Naʻe fakaofiofi atu ai ʻa Princip ki he kaá ʻi he tafaʻakí ʻo fana tuʻo ua, ʻo mate ai ʻa e pilinisí mo hono uaifí.b ʻI hono tuʻunga ko ha Sēpia mamahiʻi-fonua taʻetaukeí, ʻoku ngalingali naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito laveʻiloa ʻa Princip ki he tau lahi ʻe hoko, naʻá ne toki ʻosi fakatupungá. Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ko ia pē taha naʻe tukuakiʻi ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalilifu naʻe hoko mai aí.

Maau ki he Tau

Ki muʻa ʻi he 1914, ko e lahi taha ʻo e ʻatamai ʻo e kau ʻIulopé naʻe ʻi ai ha fakakaukau fakaʻānaua ki he taú. Naʻa nau vakai ki ai ʻoku ʻaonga, fakaʻeiʻeiki pea lāngilangiʻia—neongo ʻenau taku ʻoku nau lotu faka-Kalisitiané. Naʻe aʻu ʻo tui ʻa e kau taki fakapuleʻanga ʻe niʻihi ko e taú te ne langaʻi ha fāʻūtaha fakapuleʻanga pea fakaivimālohiʻi ʻa e kakaí! ʻIkai ngata aí, naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe he kau seniale ʻe niʻihi ki honau kau takí ko e taú ʻe lava ke ikunaʻi vave ia mo pau. “ʻI he uike pē ʻe ua te tau ikunaʻi ai ʻa Falanisē,” ko e lea pōlepole ia ʻa ha seniale Siamane. Naʻe ʻikai tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻe ha taha ʻe fihia ʻa e kakai tangata ʻe laui miliona ʻi he tākoto he luo kuo keli ki he taú ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu.

ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ki muʻa ʻi he taú, “naʻe mafola ʻi ʻIulope kotoa ha fuʻu taʻau ʻo e mamahiʻi-fonuá,” ko e lau ia ʻa e tohi Cooperation Under Anarchy. “Ko e ngaahi akó, ko e ʻunivēsití, ko e pepá, mo e kau politikí naʻa nau kau fakataha kotoa ki he mamahiʻi-fonua tōtuʻa mo e fakalāngilangiʻi-kita ko ení.”

Naʻe ʻikai loko fai ʻe he kau taki lotú ha meʻa ke fakafepakiʻi ʻaki ʻa e fakakaukau palakū ko iá. ʻOku pehē ʻe he faihisitōlia ko Paul Johnson: “ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe taha naʻe ʻotu ai ʻa e kau Siamane Palotisani, ʻAositulia Katolika, Pulukālia ʻOfotokisī mo e kau Toake Mosilemi. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá ko e kau Pilitānia Palotisani, Falanisē mo e ʻĪtali Katolika mo e Lūsia ʻOfotokisī.” Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau faifekaú, naʻá ne toe pehē, “naʻa nau fakatatauʻi ʻa e lotu faka-Kalisitiané mo e mamahiʻi-fonuá. Ko e kau sōtia Kalisitiane ʻo e kautaha lotu kotoa pē naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ke nau fetāmateʻaki ʻi he huafa ʻo honau Fakamoʻuí.” Naʻa mo e kau pātelé mo e kau tāupoʻoú naʻa nau mateuteu ki he tau, pea ko e laui afe ʻo e kau pātelé naʻe tāmateʻi kinautolu ki mui ʻi he taú.

Ko e ngaahi faʻahi ʻIulopé, ʻa ia naʻe pehē te nau ʻomai ʻa e malu ʻi ha tau lahí, naʻa nau fakaʻaiʻai nai ʻa ʻene kamatá. ʻI he founga fē? “Ko e tuʻunga malu ʻo e ngaahi mafai ʻIulopé naʻe fepikitaki mālohi,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Cooperation Under Anarchy. “Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe he mafai taki taha ko ʻene tuʻunga malú tonu naʻe fakafalala ia ki heʻene faʻahí, pea ko ia ai naʻá ne ongoʻi ʻoku ueʻi fakavave ia ke ne maluʻi ʻa ʻene faʻahí—ʻo tatau ai pē pe naʻe fakaʻitaʻi ʻe he faʻahi ko ení ʻa e faʻahi ʻoku ʻoho maí.”

Ko ha toe meʻa tefito naʻe fakatuʻutāmaki ko e Palani Schlieffen ʻa Siamané ko e ui ki ha pule ki muʻa ʻo e kau seniale Siamané ko Seniale Alfred von Schlieffen. Ko e palaní, ʻa ia naʻe kau ki ai ha ʻuluaki ʻoho vave, naʻe fai ia fakataha mo e fakakaukau ʻe pau ke tau ʻa Siamane mo Falanisē pea mo Lūsia fakatouʻosi. Ko ia ai, ko e taumuʻá ke ikunaʻi vave ʻa Falanisē lolotonga ia ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu tau māmālie ʻa Lūsiá pea toki ʻohofi leva ʻa Lūsia. “ʻI heʻene kamata pē ʻa e palani [Schlieffen], ko e fokotuʻutuʻu fakakautau ʻa e ngaahi faʻahí naʻe meimei fakapapauʻi ai ha tau fakalūkufua ʻa ʻIulope,” ko e lau ia ʻa e World Book Encyclopedia.

Kamata ʻa e Tau Lahí

Neongo naʻe ʻikai maʻu ʻe ha fakatotolo fakapuleʻanga ha fakamoʻoni ke tukuakiʻi ʻaki ʻa e puleʻanga Sēpiá ki he fakapoongi ʻo e pilinisí, naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻAositulia ke fakangata tā tuʻo taha ʻa e mamahi ʻa e ʻemipaeá naʻe fakatupunga ʻe Sēpiá. Naʻe vēkeveke ʻa ʻAositulia “ke akoʻi ki Sēpia ha lēsoni,” ko e lau ia ʻa e faihisitōlia ko J. M. Roberts.

ʻI ha feinga ke fakanonga ʻa e hohaʻá, ko Nicholas Hartwig—ko e ʻamipasitoa Lūsia ʻi he kolomuʻa ʻo Sēpiá—naʻá ne ngāue ki ha tuʻunga fakavaivai ʻe ala lava. Ka naʻá ne mate fakafokifā lolotonga ʻene fakataha mo e kau fakafofonga ʻAosituliá. Faifai atu pē, ʻi Siulai 23, naʻe ʻoatu ai ʻe ʻAositulia ki Sēpia ha lisi ʻo e ngaahi fiemaʻu ʻa ia naʻe iku ai ki ha fakatokanga fakaʻosi. Koeʻuhi naʻe ʻikai lava ke tali ʻe Sēpia ʻa e kotoa ʻo e ngaahi fiemaʻú, naʻe fakangata he taimi pē ko iá ʻe ʻAositulia ʻa hona vā fakapuleʻangá. ʻI he taimi mahuʻinga ko iá, naʻe motu ai ʻa e alea fakavahaʻapuleʻangá.

Kae kehe, naʻe fai ha fanga kiʻi feinga ke taʻotaʻofi ʻa e taú. Ko e fakatātaá, naʻe fakahinohino ʻe Pilitānia ke fai ha konifelenisi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga, pea naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ai ʻe he kaisa Siamané ʻa e sā ʻo Lūsiá ke ʻoua ʻe teuteu ki ha tau. Ka naʻe ʻikai mapuleʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻá. “Ko e kau taki fakapuleʻangá, kau senialé, mo e ngaahi fonuá fakakātoa naʻe lōmekina kinautolu ʻe he tuʻunga lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa naʻe teu ke hokó,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e tohi ko e Enterprise of War.

Ko e ʻemipola ʻAosituliá, ʻi hono teke ʻe he ngaahi fakapapau ʻe poupouʻi ʻe Siamané, naʻe tala tau ia ki Sēpia ʻi Siulai 28. Naʻe teke mui ʻa Lūsia ʻi Sēpia ʻo ne feinga ai ke taʻofi ʻa ʻAositulia ʻaki ʻene fanongonongo ʻa e teuteu tau ʻa e ngaahi kongakau Lūsia nai ʻe miliona ʻi he kauʻāfonua ʻo ʻAosituliá. Koeʻuhi ʻe liʻaki taʻemaluʻi ai ʻa e kauʻāfonua ʻo Lūsia mo Siamané, naʻe toumoua ai ʻa e sā ʻo Lūsiá ʻi hono tuʻutuʻuni ha teu tau fakalūkufua.

Naʻe feinga ʻa e saá ke fakapapauʻi ki he kaisá ʻoku ʻikai haʻane faʻufaʻu ke ʻohofi ʻa Siamane. Neongo ia, naʻe ʻai ʻe he teu tau ʻa Lūsiá ke ngāue vave ai ʻa Siamane ki heʻenau ngaahi palani taú, pea ʻi Siulai 31, naʻe kamata fakahoko ai ʻe Siamane ʻa e palani tau Schlieffen, ʻo tala tau ki Lūsia ʻi ʻAokosi 1 pea ki Falanisē ʻi he ʻaho ʻe ua ki mui ai. Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi palani ʻa Siamane ki he taú naʻe kau ai ʻenau laka atu ʻo fou ʻi Pelisiume, naʻe fakatokanga ai ʻa Pilitānia ki Siamane ʻe tala tau ki ai kapau te ne maumauʻi ʻa e tuʻu-ʻatā ʻa Pelisiumé. Naʻe kolosi ʻa e ngaahi kongakau Siamané ʻi Pelisiume ʻi he ʻaho 4 ʻo ʻAokosí. Naʻe pau ai ke fai ʻa e taú.

“Fakatamaki Lahi Taha ʻo e Alea Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻi Onopōní”

“Ko e tala tau ʻa Pilitāniá naʻá ne silaʻi fakaʻosi ʻa e fakatamaki lahi taha ʻo e alea fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻi onopōní,” ko e tohi ia ʻa e faihisitōlia ko Norman Davies. Ko e kaungā faihisitōlia ko Edmond Taylor naʻá ne tohi ʻo pehē ʻi he hili ʻa e tala tau ʻa ʻAositulia ʻi Siulai 28, “ko e lahi ʻa e taʻemateuteú naʻe fakahoko lahi ai ha ngafa mahuʻinga ʻi hono kamataʻi ʻa e [taú]. Ne fuʻu lahi ʻa e meʻa naʻe fuʻu vave ʻene hokó ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lahi. . . . Ko e ngaahi ʻatamai māsila taha mo maau tahá naʻe ʻikai kei lava ke nau tānaki mo makupusi ʻa e fakamatala hangatonu naʻe faʻoaki ki honau ʻatamaí.”

Ko e kau sōtia mo e kau siviliane laka hake he toko 13 milioná naʻa nau mate ʻi he “taʻemateuteu” fakatupu ʻauha ko iá. Ko e fakatuʻamelie ki he kahaʻú mo e natula ʻo e tangatá naʻe ʻikai foki ola lelei mo ia koeʻuhi ko e ngāueʻaki ʻe he kakai naʻe taku ʻoku nau sivilaisé ʻa e ngaahi naunau tau mālohi, lahi, mo e naunau tau faʻu foʻou ʻo nau fetāmateʻaki ai ʻi he tuʻunga lahi taʻehanotatau. Ko e māmaní heʻikai ʻaupito ke toe ʻi he tuʻunga tatau.—Sio ki he puha “Tau ʻa e Māmaní—Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Taimí?”

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TAU ʻA E MĀMANÍ—FAKAʻILONGA ʻO E TAIMÍ?

Naʻe tomuʻa tala ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻe hoko ʻa e ngaahi taú ko e konga ia ʻo e fakaʻilonga ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻaho fakaʻosi ʻo e māmani fulikivanu lolotongá. (Mātiu 24:3, 7; Fakahā 6:4) Ko e fakahoko he ʻahó ni ʻo e fakaʻilonga ko iá ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻoku tau ngaʻunu vave atu ki he taimi ʻe puleʻi fakaʻaufuli ai ʻe he Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻa e māmaní.—Taniela 2:44; Mātiu 6:9, 10.

ʻIkai ngata aí, ʻe toʻo ʻe he Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá ha mālohi taʻehāmai ʻi he ngaahi meʻa he māmaní—ko e ngaahi laumālie fulikivanu ʻoku taki ʻe Sētane ko e Tēvoló. “Ko hono kotoa ʻo mamani ʻoku ʻi he nima ʻo e Fili,” ko e lau ia ʻa e 1 Sione 5:19. Ko e tākiekina kovi ʻa Sētané kuo tānaki atu ia ki he ngaahi malaʻia lahi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá, ʻo ʻikai ha veiveiua ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakatupu ʻauha naʻe taki atu ki he Tau I ʻa Māmaní.—Fakahā 12:9-12.c

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U.S. National Archives photo

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Fakapoongi ʻo Pilinisi Fetineni

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© Mary Evans Picture Library