Liliu ʻe he Ongo Tangata Tupu Māʻulalo ʻa e Tohitapú
ʻI HE 1835, ko Henry Nott, ko ha tokotaha tō piliki Pilitānia, pea mo John Davies, ko ha tokotaha Uēlesi ako ngāue ki he fakatau atu ʻo e meʻakaí, naʻá na aʻu ai ki he ngataʻanga ʻo ha fuʻu ngāue kāfakafa. Hili ʻa e ngāue mālohi laka hake he taʻu ʻe 30, naʻe faifai pē ʻo na fakakakato hono liliu ʻo e Tohitapú fakakātoa ki he lea faka-Tahití. Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi pole naʻe fehangahangai mo e ongo tangata tupu māʻulalo ko ení, pea ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻo ʻena ngāue ʻofá?
“Ko e Fuʻu ʻĀ Haké”
ʻI he konga hono ua ʻo e senituli hono 18, ko e kau mēmipa ʻo ha ngaʻunu Palotisani naʻe ui ko e Fuʻu ʻĀ Haké, pe ko e ʻĀ Haké pē, naʻa nau malanga ai ʻi he ngaahi malaʻe fakakoló pea ofi ki he ngaahi keliʻanga koloá mo e ngaahi fale ngāue ʻi Pilitāniá. Ko ʻenau taumuʻá ke aʻu ki he kakai ngāué. Ko e kau malanga ʻĀ Haké naʻa nau fakalototoʻaʻi loto-māfana ʻa hono tufaki ʻo e Tohitapú.
ʻI hono tākiekina ʻe he ngaʻunu ko ení, ko ha tokotaha lotu Papitaiso ko William Carey, ʻa ia naʻe kau ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Sōsaieti Fakamisinale Lonitoní (LMS), ʻa ia naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he 1795. Naʻe akoʻi ʻe he LMS ʻa e kakai ko ia naʻa nau loto-lelei ke ako ʻa e ngaahi lea tuʻufonuá pea ngāue ko ha kau misinale ʻi he feituʻu Pasifiki Sauté. Ko e taumuʻa ʻa e kau misinalé ni ke malangaʻi ʻa e Kōsipelí ʻi he lea ʻa e kakai fakalotofonuá.
Ko e motu ko Tahití, ʻa ia naʻe toki ʻiloʻi ki muí, naʻe hoko ia ko e ʻuluaki malaʻe fakamisinale ki he LMS. Ki he kau mēmipa ʻo e ʻĀ Haké, ko e ngaahi motú ni ko e ‘ngaahi feituʻu fakapoʻuli’ ia ʻo e tui fakapanganí, ko e ngaahi ngoue naʻe mateuteu ke utu.
Tuʻu Hake ʻa e Kakai Tupu Māʻulaló ʻo Feau ʻa e Fiemaʻú
Ke tānaki ʻa e utu-taʻú, ko e kau misinale naʻe fili fakavave pe ʻikai feʻunga hono teuʻí ʻe toko 30 naʻa nau heka ʻi he Duff, ko ha vaka naʻe fakatau ʻe he LMS. ʻOku fakahokohoko ʻi he līpōtí ʻa e “kau faifekau fakanofo ʻe toko fā [ʻikai akoʻi ʻi ha founga pau], kau tufunga ʻe toko ono, ongo tuitui sū ʻe toko ua, ongo tō piliki ʻe toko ua, ongo lālanga ʻe toko ua, ongo tuitui ʻe toko ua, ko ha tauhi koloa, ko ha tokotaha ngaohi nofoʻa hoosi, ko ha sevāniti, tokotaha tauhi ngoue, toketā, tokotaha tuki ukamea, tokotaha ngaohi topu, tokotaha ngaohi filo, ko ha tokotaha ngaohi tatā, tokotaha ngaohi tupenu, tokotaha ngaohi nāunau fale, ngaahi uaifi ʻe toko nima, mo e fānau ʻe toko tolu.”
Ko e ngaahi meʻa ngāue pē naʻe maʻu ʻe he kau misinalé ni ʻi heʻenau ngaʻotoʻotá ke hoko ʻo maheni ai mo e muʻaki ngaahi lea faka-Tohitapú ko ha tikisinale Kalisi-Pilitānia mo ha Tohitapu fakataha mo e tikisinale faka-Hepelū. Lolotonga ʻa e māhina ʻe fitu ʻi tahí, naʻe ako maʻuloto ai ʻe he kau misinalé ha ngaahi foʻi lea faka-Tahiti naʻe fakahokohoko ʻe ha kau ʻaʻahi ki muʻa, tautefito ki he kau angatuʻu ʻo e Bounty. Naʻe faifai pē ʻo aʻu ʻa e Duff ki Tahiti, pea ʻi Maʻasi 7, 1797, naʻe hifo ai ki ʻuta ʻa e kau misinalé. Kae kehe, ʻi he taʻu ʻe taha ki mui ai naʻe hoko ai ʻo loto-siʻi ʻa e tokolahi tahá pea nau mavahe. Ko e kau misinale pē ʻe toko fitu naʻe toé.
ʻI he toko fitu ko iá, ko Henry Nott, ʻa e tokotaha tō piliki ki muʻá, naʻe taʻu 23 pē. ʻI he fakafuofua mei he ʻuluaki ngaahi tohi naʻá ne faí, naʻá ne maʻu pē ha tuʻunga fakaako tefito. Neongo ia, mei he kamatá naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ai naʻá ne talēnitiʻia ʻi hono ako ʻa e lea faka-Tahití. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ia ko ha tokotaha loto-moʻoni, anga-faingofua mo fiefia.
ʻI he 1801, naʻe fili ai ʻa Nott ke ne akoʻi ʻa e lea faka-Tahití ki he kau misinale ʻe toko hiva naʻa nau tūʻuta foʻou atú. Naʻe ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo kinautolú ʻa e tokotaha Uēlesi taʻu 28 ko John Davies, ʻa ia naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ko ha tokotaha ako lavameʻa pea ko ha tokotaha ngāue mālohi fakataha mo ha natula anga-malū mo nima-homo. ʻIkai fuoloa, naʻe fili ai ʻa e ongo tangatá ni ke na liliu ʻa e Tohitapú ki he lea faka-Tahití.
Ko ha Ngāue Faingataʻa
Neongo ia, ko e liliu ki he lea faka-Tahití naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ko ha ngāue faingataʻa ia, he naʻe teʻeki ai hoko ʻa e lea faka-Tahití ko ha lea kuo tohi. Naʻe pau ke ako ʻataʻatā pē ia ʻe he kau misinalé ʻaki ʻa e fanongó. Naʻe ʻikai haʻanau tikisinale pe ko ha tohi kalama. Ko e ngaahi ongo tukuange ʻo e leá ʻa ia ʻoku motumotuhi ʻe he ngaahi fakauʻá, ko hono ngaahi vauele lahi hokohokó (ʻo aʻu hono lahí ki he nimá ʻi ha foʻi lea ʻe taha), pea ko e siʻi hono ngaahi konisinānité naʻe fakalotosiʻi lahi ia ki he ongo misinalé. “ʻOku faʻuʻaki ʻa e ngaahi foʻi lea lahi ʻa e vauele ʻataʻatā, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ongo ʻo e foʻi vauele taki taha,” ko ʻena fakahaaʻi mamahí ia. Naʻá na fakahaaʻi naʻe ʻikai te na lava “ke maʻu lelei ʻa e ongo ʻo e ngaahi foʻi leá, ʻi he tuʻunga tofu pē ko ia ʻoku fiemaʻú.” Naʻe aʻu ʻo na fakakaukau naʻá na fanongo ki he ngaahi ongo naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai!
Ko hono ʻai ke toe kovi ange ʻa e ngaahi meʻá, ʻi he taimi ki he taimi, naʻe tapui, pe tapu, ʻa e ngaahi foʻi lea ʻe niʻihi ʻi he lea faka-Tahití pea ko ia naʻe pau ai ke fetongi. Naʻe toe fakalanga ʻulu ʻa e ngaahi lea ʻuhinga tataú. Ki he foʻi lea “lotú,” naʻe laka hake ʻi he kupuʻi lea faka-Tahiti ʻe 70 ki ai. Ko e faʻunga sētesi faka-Tahití, ʻa ia ʻoku kehe fakaʻaufuli mei he faʻunga sētesi faka-Pilitāniá, ko ha toe pole ia ʻe taha. Neongo ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻá, naʻe māmālie hono tātānaki ʻe he ongo misinalé ʻa e lisi ʻo e ngaahi foʻi leá ʻa ia naʻe faifai pē ʻo pulusi ia ʻe Davies ʻi he taʻu ʻe 50 ki mui ai ko ha tikisinale naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e foʻi lea ʻe 10,000.
Naʻe tānaki mai ki ai ʻa e pole ʻo e tohi ʻi he faka-Tahití. Naʻe feinga ʻa e ongo misinalé ke fai ia ʻaki hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ʻotokalafi faka-Pilitāniá. Kae kehe, ko e ngāueʻaki faka-Pilitānia ʻo e ʻalafapeti faka-Latiná naʻe ʻikai ke hoa ia mo e ngaahi ongo faka-Tahití. Ko ia ai, naʻe fakahoko ha ngaahi lāulea lahi fakaʻulia ki he ngaahi ongo ʻo e leá mo e sipelá. Naʻe faʻa faʻu ʻe he ongo misinalé ʻa e ngaahi sipela foʻou, koeʻuhi ko e ʻuluaki ongo meʻa tonu kinaua ʻi he Tahi Sauté ke na liliu ha lea ʻoku leaʻaki ki ha faʻunga ʻoku tohi. Naʻe siʻi ʻena ʻiloʻi ko ʻena ngāué ʻe hoko ia ki mui ko ha sīpinga ki he ngaahi lea lahi ʻo e Pasifiki Sauté.
Nounou Fakameʻangāue kae Mohu ʻi he Lavameʻa
Naʻe siʻi pē ʻa e ngaahi tohi maʻuʻanga fakamatala naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe he ongo tama liliú. Naʻe fakahinohino ʻe he LMS ke na ngāueʻaki ʻa e Textus Receptus pea mo e King James Version ko ʻena ongo tohi tefitó ia. Naʻe kole ʻe Nott ki he LMS ke ʻomai ha ngaahi tikisinale lahi ange ʻi he lea faka-Hepeluú mo e faka-Kalisí pea pehē ki ha ngaahi Tohitapu ʻi he ongo leá fakatouʻosi. ʻOku ʻikai ʻiloʻi pe naʻe faifai peá ne maʻu ʻa e ngaahi tohi ko iá. Kia Davies, naʻá ne maʻu ha ngaahi tohi ako mei ha ngaahi kaumeʻa Uēlesi. ʻOku fakahaaʻi mei he ngaahi lēkōtí naʻá ne maʻu ʻo aʻu ki ha tikisinale faka-Kalisi, ko ha Tohitapu faka-Hepelū, ko ha Fuakava Foʻou ʻi he faka-Kalisí, pea mo e Septuagint.
ʻI he taimi ko ení, naʻe teʻeki ai pē ke ʻi ai ha fua ʻo e ngāue fakamalanga ʻa e kau misinalé. Neongo ne ʻi Tahiti ʻa e kau misinalé ʻi he taʻu ʻe 12, naʻe teʻeki ke papitaiso naʻa mo ha foʻi tokotaha fakalotofonua. Naʻe faifai pē, ʻo fakaʻaiʻai ai ʻe he ngaahi tau hokohoko fakalotofonuá ʻa e kau misinalé kotoa ke nau hola ki ʻAositelēlia tuku kehe pē ʻa e tokotaha taʻeʻunua ko Nott. Ko e misinale pē ia ʻi ha taimi naʻe toe ʻi he ʻOtu Motu Uiniuoti ʻo e pupunga ʻOtu Motu Sōsaietí, ka naʻe pau ke ne muimui ʻia Tuʻi Pomare II ʻi he taimi naʻe hola ai ʻa e tuʻí ki he motu ofi mai ko Moorea.
Kae kehe, ko e mavahe ʻa Nott naʻe ʻikai tuku ai ʻa e ngāue liliú, pea ʻi he hili hono fakamoleki ʻe Davies ʻa e taʻu ʻe ua ʻi ʻAositelēlia, naʻá ne toe kau fakataha mo Nott. ʻI he taimi ko iá, naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe Nott ha ako ʻo e lea faka-Kalisí mo e faka-Hepeluú pea naʻá ne poto ʻi he ongo lea ko iá. Ko ia ai, naʻá ne kamata ke liliu ʻa e konga ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú ki he faka-Tahití. Naʻá ne filifili ʻa e ngaahi kupu faka-Tohitapu naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ʻa ia naʻe lavangofua ke mahinoʻi ʻe he kakai tuʻufonuá.
ʻI he ngāue vāofi mo Davies, naʻe kamata leva ai ʻa Nott ke ne liliu ʻa e Kōsipeli ʻa Luké, ʻa ia naʻe kakato ia ʻi Sepitema 1814. Naʻá ne faʻu ha liliu ʻa ia naʻe ongo fakanatula ʻi he lea faka-Tahití, lolotonga ia naʻe sivisiviʻi ʻe Davies ʻa e liliú ki he muʻaki ngaahi konga tohí. ʻI he 1817, naʻe kole ai ʻe Tuʻi Pomare II pe ʻe lava ke ne pulusi ʻe ia tonu ʻa e ʻuluaki peesi ʻo e Kōsipeli ʻa Luké. Naʻá ne fai ia ʻi ha mīsini paaki ngāue nima siʻisiʻi naʻe ʻomai ki Moorea ʻe he kau misinalé. ʻE ʻikai lava ke kakato ʻa e talanoa fekauʻaki mo e liliu faka-Tahiti ʻo e Tohitapú ʻo ʻikai lave ai ki ha Tahiti loto-tōnunga ko hono hingoá ko Tuahine, ʻa ia naʻá ne nofo mo e ongo misinalé ʻi he ngaahi taʻú kotoa ʻo tokoniʻi kinaua ke na maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakaikiiki ʻo e leá.
Kuo Kakato ʻa e Liliú
ʻI he 1819, hili ʻa e taʻu ʻe ono ʻo e ngāue mālohí, ko e liliu ʻo e ngaahi Kōsipelí, Ngāue ʻa e Kau ʻApositoló, pea mo e tohi ʻo e Ngaahi Sāmé naʻe kakato ia. Ko ha mīsini paaki, naʻe omi mo e kau misinale naʻe tūʻuta foʻou maí, naʻe fakafaingofuaʻi ange ai ʻa e pulusi mo hono tufaki ʻo e ngaahi tohi Tohitapú ni.
Naʻe hoko atu ai ʻa e vahaʻa taimi ʻo e ngāue lahi ʻo e liliú, lau mo fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa e fakatonutonú, mo hono fakaleleiʻi. Hili ʻa e nofo ʻi Tahiti feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe 28, naʻe hoko ai ʻo puke ʻa Nott ʻi he 1825, pea naʻe fakaʻatā ai ia ʻe he LMS ke ne foki ki ʻIngilani. Ko e meʻa fakafiefiá, ʻi he taimi ko ení ne meimei kakato ai ʻa e liliu ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Kalisi Kalisitiané. Naʻá ne hokohoko atu hono liliu ʻa e toenga ʻo e Tohitapú lolotonga ʻene folau ki ʻIngilaní pea ʻi he lolotonga ʻene nofo aí. Naʻe foki ʻa Nott ki Tahiti ʻi he 1827. ʻI he taʻu ʻe valu ki mui ai, ʻi Tīsema 1835, naʻe ngata ai ʻene liliú. Hili ʻa e taʻu laka he 30 ʻo e ngāue mālohí, ne liliu ai ʻa e Tohitapú fakakātoa.
ʻI he 1836, naʻe foki ai ʻa Nott ki ʻIngilani koeʻuhi ke pulusi ʻa e Tohitapu Tahití fakakātoa ʻi Lonitoni. ʻI Sune 8, 1838, naʻe ʻoatu ai ʻe he tokotaha fiefia ko Nott kia Kuini Vikatōlia ʻa e ʻuluaki pulusinga kuo pulusi ʻo e Tohitapú ʻi he lea faka-Tahití. ʻOku hā mahino, ko ha mōmeniti fakaueʻiloto lahi eni ki he tokotaha tō piliki ki muʻá ʻa ia naʻá ne folau ʻi he taʻu ʻe 40 ki muʻá ʻi he Duff peá ne nōfoʻi tonu ai ʻi he tōʻonga fakafonua faka-Tahití ke fakakakato ʻa e ngāue kāfakafa tuʻuloa ko ení.
ʻI he māhina ʻe ua ki mui ai, naʻe foki ai ʻa Nott ki he Pasifiki Sauté mo e ngaahi fuʻu puha ʻe 27 naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ʻuluaki ngaahi tatau ʻe 3,000 ʻo e Tohitapú kakato ʻi he faka-Tahití. Hili ʻene tau hake ki Seneé, naʻá ne toe puke ai, ka naʻá ne fakafisi ke mavahe mei he ngaahi puha mahuʻingá. Hili ʻene fakaakeaké, naʻá ne tūʻuta ʻi Tahiti ʻi he 1840, ʻa ia naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe he kakaí hano hua ʻene utá, ʻi he feinga ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi tatau ʻo e Tohitapu faka-Tahití. Naʻe mate ʻa Nott ʻi Tahiti ʻi Mē 1844 ʻi hono taʻu 70.
Maongo Mamaʻo Atu
Kae kehe, naʻe moʻui atu ʻa e ngāue ʻa Nott. Ko ʻene liliú naʻe maongo ia ʻo aʻu ki he mamaʻó ki he ngaahi lea faka-Polinisiá. ʻI hono fokotuʻu ʻa e lea faka-Tahití ki ha faʻunga tohí, naʻe fakatolonga ai ʻe he ongo misinalé ʻa e lea ko iá. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha faʻu-tohi ʻe taha: “Naʻe maluʻi ʻe Nott ʻa e tuʻunga fakakalama faka-Tahiti anga-mahení. ʻE fiemaʻu maʻu pē ke hanga ki he Tohitapú ke ako ai ʻa e lea faka-Tahití ʻi hono tuʻunga maʻá.” Ko e ngāue tōtōivi ʻa e ongo tangata liliú ni naʻe fakahaofi ai ʻa e ngaahi foʻi lea ʻe laui afe mei heʻene ngaló. ʻI ha senituli ki mui ai, naʻe pehē ʻe he faʻu-tohi ʻe taha: “Ko e Tohitapu faka-Tahiti mahuʻinga ʻa Nott ko e ngāue mataotao taha ia ʻi he lea faka-Tahití—ʻo loto-tatau mo ia ʻa e tokotaha kotoa.”
Ko e ngāue mahuʻingá ni naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi heʻene ʻaonga ki he kau Tahití ka ʻoku toe fokotuʻu ai ha makatuʻunga ki he kau liliu kehe ʻi he ngaahi lea ʻi he Pasifiki Sauté. Ko e fakatātaá, ko e kau liliu ʻi he ʻOtu Motu Kukí mo Haʻamoá naʻa nau ngāueʻaki ia ko ha sīpinga. “Kuó u muimui tefito kia Mr. Nott, ʻa ia kuó u sivisiviʻi lelei ʻa ʻene liliú,” ko e fakahaaʻi ia ʻe ha tokotaha liliu ʻe taha. Naʻe līpooti ʻo pehē ko ha tokotaha liliu ʻe taha ‘naʻá ne tuku ʻi muʻa ʻiate ia ʻa e Sāme faka-Hepeluú mo e liliu faka-Pilitāniá mo e faka-Tahití ʻi heʻene ‘liliu ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi saame ʻa Tēvitá ki he lea faka-Haʻamoá.’
ʻI he muimui ʻi he faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e ʻĀ Hake ʻi ʻIngilaní, naʻe pouaki faivelenga ai ʻe he kau misinale ʻi Tahití ʻa e tuʻunga poto he lautohí. Ko hono moʻoní, laka hake ʻi ha senituli, ko e Tohitapú pē ʻa e tohi naʻe ala maʻu ʻe he kakai Tahití. Naʻe hoko ai ia ko ha ʻelemēniti mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻi he tōʻonga fakafonua faka-Tahití.
Ko e ʻasi tuʻo lahi ʻa e huafa fakaʻotuá ʻi he Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú mo e Faka-Kalisí ʻoku faʻu ai ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi tafaʻaki lelei taha ʻo e Nott Version. Ko hono olá, ʻoku ʻiloa he ʻahó ni ʻa e huafa ʻo Sihová ʻi Tahiti mo hono ʻotu motú. ʻOku aʻu ʻo hā ia ʻi he ngaahi fale lotu Palotisani ʻe niʻihi. Kae kehe, ko e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻoku fakafekauʻaki tefito ia he taimí ni mo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová pea mo ʻenau ngāue fakamalanga faivelengá, ʻa ia ʻoku nau ngāueʻaki lahi ai ʻa e Tohitapu faka-Tahiti naʻe liliu ʻe Nott mo hono ngaahi kaungāngāué. Pea ko e ngaahi ngāue tōtōivi naʻe fai ʻe he kau liliu pehē hangē ko Henry Nott ʻoku fakamanatu mai ai kia kitautolu ʻa e houngaʻia ʻoku totonu ke tau maʻu ʻi hono ʻai ke ala maʻu ʻa e Folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he tokolahi taha ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻi he ʻaho ní.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 26]
Ngaahi ʻuluaki liliu ʻo e Tohitapú ʻi he faka-Tahití, 1815. ʻOku ʻasi ai ʻa e huafa ʻo Sihová
Ko Henry Nott (1774-1844), ko e tokotaha liliu tefito ʻo e Tohitapu faka-Tahití
[Maʻuʻanga]
Tohitapu Faka-Tahiti: Copyright the British Library (3070.a.32); Henry Nott mo e tohi: Collection du Musée de Tahiti et de ses Îles, Punaauia, Tahiti; pepa fehuʻi mo e tali: With permission of the London Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 28]
Fehuʻi mo e tali ʻi he lea ʻe ua faka-Tahiti mo e faka-Uēlesi ʻo e 1801, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻasi ai ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá
[Maʻuʻanga]
With permission of the London Missionary Society Papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 29]
Fale lotu Palotisaní mo e huafa ʻo Sihová ʻi muʻa, motu ko Huahine, Polinisia Falanisē
[Maʻuʻanga]
Avec la permission du Pasteur Teoroi Firipa