Ko ha Anga Makehe Fakaetangata

ʻOku maʻu ʻe Jodie ha pisinisi tuʻuaki kelekele. ʻOkú ne tokoniʻi ha fefine ʻi hono fili fakafaʻahinga pea fakatau atu ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakaʻapi ʻa e taʻokete ʻo e fefiné kuo maté. ʻI he fakatotolo takatakai ʻi ha tafuʻanga afi motuʻa, naʻá ne maʻu ai ha ongo puha meʻangāue motuʻa. ʻI heʻene sio ki loto ʻi he taha ʻo kinauá, naʻe ʻikai lava ke ne meimei tui ki ai. Naʻe kofukofu ʻi ha foila ʻa e ngaahi takainga $100 pepa​—ko hono fakakātoá ko e $82,000! ʻOku tokotaha pē ʻa Jodie ʻi he lokí. Ko e hā ʻa e meʻa ʻoku totonu ke ne faí? Ko hono ʻave fakalongolongo ʻa e puhá pe tala ki he fefine ʻokú ne fakafofongaʻí naʻá ne maʻu ʻa e paʻangá?

KO E palopalema ʻa Jodie ʻoku fakamamafaʻi ai ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi anga ʻokú ne fakafaikehekeheʻi kitautolu mei he fanga manu fekaí. ʻOku pehē ʻe he World Book Encyclopedia: “Ko e taha ʻo e anga makehe fakaetangatá ko hono ʻeke ha ngaahi fehuʻi fakatupu fakakaukau fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ʻoku totonu pe ʻikai totonu ke faí.” Ko ha kulī fiekaia ʻokú ne maʻu ha konga kanomate ʻi ha tēpile, ʻe ʻikai ʻaupito te ne fakakaukauloto pe ʻoku totonu ke ne kai ʻa e konga kanomaté. Neongo ia, ʻoku maʻu ʻe Jodie ia ʻa e malava ke fakamahuʻingaʻi ʻa e tuʻunga fakamōlale ʻo ʻene filí. Kapau te ne tauhi ʻa e paʻangá, ʻokú ne kaihaʻa ai, ka ʻoku ngalingali ʻe ʻikai ke maʻu ia. ʻOku ʻikai ke ʻaʻana ʻa e paʻangá; neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito ha fakakaukau ʻa e tokotaha ia ʻokú ne fakafofongaʻí ʻoku ʻi ai ha paʻanga. Ko e taha, ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai ʻi he feituʻu ʻo Jodie te nau fakakaukau ʻokú ne fakasesele kapau naʻá ne ʻave ʻa e paʻangá ki he tokotaha ʻokú ne fakafofongaʻí.

Ko e hā naʻá ke mei fai ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo Jodie? Ko e anga ʻo hoʻo tali ʻa e fehuʻi ko iá ʻe fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻēfika kuó ke fili ke moʻuiʻakí.

Ko e Hā ʻa e ʻĒfika?

Kuo fakamatalaʻi ʻa e “ʻēfiká,” “ko e ako ʻo e ngaahi fehuʻi fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ʻoku tonu mo hala fakamōlalé.” (Collins Cobuild English Dictionary) ʻOku pehē ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko Eric J. Easton: “‘Ko e ‘ʻēfiká’ mo e ‘tuʻunga fakamōlalé’ ʻokú na maʻu ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo e tupuʻi lea tatau. Ko e foʻi lea ʻuluakí ko e foʻi lea faka-Kalisi (ethikos) pea ko hono uá ko e foʻi lea faka-Latina (moralis) ʻa hono tupuʻangá, pea ʻokú na ʻuhinga fakatouʻosi ki he tuʻunga mafai ʻo e anga fakafonuá mo e talatukufakaholó.”

Kuo fakapapauʻi fakalūkufua ʻe he lotú ʻi ha taimi fuoloa, ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻēfika ʻa ia ʻoku moʻuiʻaki ʻe he kakaí. Ko e Folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻa e Tohi Tapú, kuo hoko ia ko ha mālohi faitākiekina ʻi he ngaahi sōsaieti lahi. Kae kehe, ko ha tokolahi fakautuutu ʻo e kakai ʻi māmani lahí kuo nau siʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakalotu kehekehe ʻi he pehē ʻoku taʻeʻaonga pea ko e tuʻunga fakamōlale ʻa e Tohi Tapú kuo ʻosi hono kuongá. Ko e hā kuó ne tāpuni ʻa e tuʻunga ʻatā ko iá? Ko e tohi Ethics in Business Life ʻoku fakamatala ai ko e “poto fakaemāmaní kuó ne . . . ikunaʻi ʻa e tuʻunga mafai ʻa ia ko e meʻa ia ki muʻa ʻa e lotú.” ʻI he ʻikai hanga ki he ngaahi tuʻunga fakalotú, ʻoku kumi ʻa e tokolahi ki he tataki ʻa e kau mataotao fakamāmaní ʻi he ngaahi ako fakaʻēfiká. Ko e tokotaha paioʻēfika ko Paul McNeill ʻokú ne pehē: “ʻOku ou tui ko e kau mataotao ʻi he ʻēfiká ʻoku nau fakahoko ʻa e ngafa ʻo e kau pātelé makatuʻunga he tuʻunga fakaemāmaní. . . . ʻOku tataki ʻa e kakaí he taimí ni ʻe he tuʻunga fakaʻēfiká ka naʻe tataki kinautolu ki muʻa ʻe he tuʻunga fakalotú.”

ʻI hoʻo fehangahangai mo e ngaahi fili faingataʻá, ʻoku anga-fēfē hoʻo ʻiloʻi ʻa e tonú mei he halá? Ko ho ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻēfiká ʻoku fakapapauʻi ia ʻe he ʻOtuá pe ko koe?