ʻOku ʻUhinga ki he Hā ʻa e “Mata ki he Mata”?

Tali ʻa e Tohi Tapú

Ko e lao ‘mata ki he matá’ ko e konga ia ʻo e Lao ʻa e ʻOtuá naʻe ʻoange ʻe Mōsese ki he kau ʻIsileli ʻo e kuonga muʻá pea naʻe toʻo lea mei ai ʻa Sīsū ʻi heʻene Malanga ʻi he Moʻungá. (Mātiu 5:38; ʻEkisoto 21:24, 25; Teutalōnome 19:21) Naʻe ʻuhingá ʻi he taimi ʻe fakamāuʻi ai ʻa e kau faihalá naʻe totonu ke hilifaki ʻa e tauteá ʻo fakatatau ki he hia naʻe fakahokó.a

Ko e lao ko ení naʻe ngāueʻaki ia ki ha taha naʻá ne fai ʻiloʻilo pau ha ngāue fakatupu maumau ki ha taha. ʻI he fekauʻaki mo ha tokotaha faihia loto-leleí, naʻe pehē ʻe he Lao ʻa Mōsesé: “Ko e fasi ki he fasi, mata ki he mata, nifo ki he nifo, ʻoku totonu ke fai kiate ia ʻa e faʻahinga fakalavea tatau pē mo ia naʻá ne faí.”—Livitiko 24:20.

Ko e hā ʻa e taumuʻa ʻo e lao ‘mata ki he matá’?

Naʻe ʻikai fakaʻatā ʻe he lao ‘mata ki he matá’ ʻa e faʻahinga tāutahá ke nau faisāuni. ʻI hono kehé, naʻe tokoniʻi heni ʻa e kau fakamaau kuo fakanofó ke nau hilifaki ʻa e ngaahi tautea feʻungamālie kae ʻikai ke fuʻu fefeka pe fakavaivai.

Naʻe toe ngāue foki ʻa e laó ke taʻotaʻofi ha taha pē te ne fakatupunga ha maumau ʻiloʻilo pau ki ha taha pe faʻufaʻu ke fai pehē. “Ko kinautolu ʻoku toé [faʻahinga kuo nau sio ki hono fakahoko ʻa e fakamaau ʻa e ʻOtuá] te nau fanongo ai pea nau ilifia,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e Laó, “pea ʻe ʻikai ʻaupito te nau toe fai ha meʻa pē ʻoku kovi ʻo hangē ko ení ʻi ho lotolotongá.”—Teutalōnome 19:20.

ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻa e lao ‘mata ki he matá’ ki he kau Kalisitiané?

ʻIkai, ʻoku ʻikai ke haʻisia ʻa e kau Kalisitiané ki he lao ko ení. Ko e konga ia ʻo e Lao ʻa Mōsesé ʻa ia naʻe fakangata ʻi he pekia ʻa Sīsuú.—Loma 10:4.

Neongo ia, ko e laó ʻokú ne ʻomai ʻa e fakamaama ki he anga ʻo e fakakaukau ʻa e ʻOtuá. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻoku fakahaaʻi mei ai ʻoku mahuʻingaʻia ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi he fakamaau totonú. (Saame 89:14) ʻOku fakaeʻa foki ai ʻene tuʻunga ki he fakamaau totonú—ko e fakatātaá, ko e kau faihalá ʻoku totonu ke akonakiʻi kinautolu kae “feʻunga pē.”—Selemaia 30:11.

Ngaahi maʻuhala fekauʻaki mo e lao ‘mata ki he matá’

Maʻuhala: Ko e lao ‘mata ki he matá’ naʻe fuʻu anga-fefeka tōtuʻa.

Moʻoní: Naʻe ʻikai ke fakaʻatā ʻe he laó ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e fakamaau anga-fefeká mo anga-fakamamahí. ʻI hono kehé, ʻi hono ngāueʻaki totonu iá, naʻe ʻuhingá ko e kau fakamaau tāú te nau hilifaki ʻa e tauteá ʻi he hili pē ʻenau ʻuluaki lāulea ki he ngaahi tuʻunga naʻe kau ki aí ʻo aʻu ki he tuʻunga pe naʻe fai ʻiloʻilo pau ia. (ʻEkisoto 21:28-30; Nōmipa 35:22-25) Ko ia ai, naʻe hoko ʻa e lao ‘mata ki he matá’ ke ne fakangatangata hano hilifaki ha ngaahi tautea tōtuʻa.

Maʻuhala: Ko e lao ‘mata ki he matá’ naʻá ne fakaʻatā ʻa e fefaisāuniʻakí.

Moʻoní: Naʻe pehē tonu ʻe he Lao ʻa Mōsesé: “Kuo pau ke ʻoua naʻá ke faisāuni pe tukulotoʻi ha ʻita ki he ngaahi foha ʻo ho kakaí.” (Livitiko 19:18) ʻI he ʻikai ke poupouʻi ʻa e faisāuní, naʻe fakalototoʻaʻi ʻe he Laó ʻa e kakaí ke nau falala ki he ʻOtuá pea ki he fokotuʻutuʻu fakalao ʻa ia kuó ne fakamafaiʻi ke nau fakatonutonu ha faihala pē.—Teutalōnome 32:35.

Fakatonutonu ʻe Sīsū ha fakakaukau hala

Naʻe ʻilo ʻe Sīsū ko e niʻihi naʻa nau fakaʻuhingaʻi hala ʻa e lao ‘mata ki he matá.’ Naʻá ne fakatonutonu kinautolu ʻi heʻene pehē: “Naʻa mou fanongo naʻe leaʻaki: ‘Mata ki he mata mo e nifo ki he nifo.’ Kae kehe, ʻoku ou tala atu kiate kimoutolu: ʻOua ʻe talitekeʻi ʻa e tokotaha ʻoku fulikivanú, ka ʻilonga ʻa ia ʻokú ne sipiʻi ho kouʻahe toʻomataʻú, fulihi atu foki ki ai mo ho kouʻahe ʻe tahá.”—Mātiu 5:38, 39.

Fakatokangaʻi ʻa e lea ʻa Sīsū “naʻa mou fanongo naʻe leaʻaki.” Ngalingali naʻá ne ʻuhingá ki he kau taki lotu Siu ʻe niʻihi naʻa nau akoʻi ʻa e faisāuní. Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe ha mataotao Tohi Tapu ko Adam Clarke: “Ngalingali naʻe ʻai ʻe he kau Siú ʻa e lao ko eni [mata ki he matá] ke fakatonuhiaʻi ʻa hono tukulotoa ʻa e ʻitá pea mo hono fakahoko tōtuʻa ʻo e faisāuní.” ʻI hono fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e faisāuní, ko e kau taki lotu ko iá naʻa nau mioʻi ʻa e taumuʻa ʻo e Lao ʻa e ʻOtuá.—Maʻake 7:13.

ʻI hono kehé, naʻe fakamamafaʻi ʻe Sīsū ʻa e ʻofá ko e ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga taha ia ʻi he Lao ʻa e ʻOtuá. Naʻá ne pehē: “‘Kuo pau ke ke ʻofa kia Sihova ko ho ʻOtuá . . .’ Ko ʻeni ia ʻa e fekau lahi tahá mo muʻomuʻá. Ko hono uá, ʻoku hangē ko iá, ʻa eni: ‘Kuo pau ke ke ʻofa ki ho kaungāʻapí ʻo hangē pē ko hoʻo ʻofa kiate koé.’ Ko e ongo fekau ko ení ʻoku tautau ki ai ʻa e Laó kotoa.” (Mātiu 22:37-40) Naʻe akoʻi ʻe Sīsū ko e ʻofá kae ʻikai ko e faisāuní ʻa e meʻa te ne fakaʻilongaʻi ʻa hono kau muimui moʻoní.—Sione 13:34, 35.

a Ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni fakalao ko ení, naʻe faʻa lave ki ai ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻi he lea faka-Latiná ko e lex talionis, naʻe toe hā foki ia ʻi he fokotuʻutuʻu fakalao ʻo e ngaahi sōsaieti ʻe niʻihi ʻi he kuonga muʻa.