Goth Kasa Mu Bible No—Ɛyɛ Nkyerɛase a Ɛyɛ Nwonwa
NÁ GOTHFO yɛ German mmusuakuw bi a ebetumi aba sɛ wofi Scandinavia (Europa Kusuu Fam) nsase so. Wɔ Yɛn Bere yi mu mfiase hɔ no, wotu fii Black Sea no kesee fam ne asubɔnten Danube ho bɛtraa Roma Ahemman no nsase bi a ɛwowɔ amanee mu so.
Nhoma a wodii kan tintimii wɔ German kasa mu ne Goth kasa mu Bible no. Saa nkyerɛase no asinasin bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ. Nanso, ɛda so ara yɛ Kyerɛw Kronkron no afã bi a ɛda nsow na ɛsom bo. Dɛn ntia?
Ulfilas—Ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo ne Bible Asekyerɛfo
Nea ɔyɛɛ saa Bible nkyerɛase yi ne Ulfilas a na ne Goth din ne Wulfila no. Sɛnea abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Philostorgius kyerɛ no, na Ulfilas yɛ Gothfo a wɔfaa wɔn nnommum kɔɔ Cappadocia, a mprempren ɛka Turkey apuei mantam ho no aseni. Wɔwoo no bɛyɛ afe 311 Y.B. mu, na Eusebius a ofi Nicomedia hyɛɛ no sɔfo bɛyɛ n’awo akyi mfe 30, na wɔtetee no ma ɔkɔyɛɛ asɛmpatrɛw adwuma wɔ Gothfo mu.
Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Will Durant ka sɛ: “Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wakyerɛkyerɛ na watumi anya agyidifo pii no, ɔde boasetɔ kyerɛɛ Bible mu nhoma ahorow no nyinaa ase fi Hela kasa mu kɔɔ Goth kasa mu, gye Ahene Nhoma abien no nkutoo.” (The Age of Faith) Ɛnnɛ, sɛ woyi Nehemia nhoma no fã bi a aka to nkyɛn a, Goth kasa mu Bible nkyerɛase a aka a wɔnsɛee no anaa ɛnyerae no yɛ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm no afã bi.
Ná wɔnkyerɛw Goth kasa. Enti Ulfilas hyiaa nsɛnnennen wɔ nkyerɛase a na ɛhwehwɛ nhumu a ɛkɔ akyiri no mu. Tete abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo bi a na wɔyɛ asɔfo no kamfoo no wɔ Goth nkyerɛwde 27 a ɔyɛe a na egyina Hela ne Latin nkyerɛwde so titiriw no ho. Bio nso, The New Encyclopædia Britannica ka sɛ “ɔno na ɔde Germanfo Kristofo nsɛmfua ahorow a wɔda so ara de bi di dwuma no bae.”
Goth Kasa Mu Bible no Abakɔsɛm Mfitiase
Ulfilas wiee ne nkyerɛase no ansa na afe 381 Y.B. mu reba, na ɛno akyi mfe abien anaa abiɛsa na owui. The Encyclopedia Americana di nkyerɛase no din a egyei no ho adanse bere a ɛka sɛ “Gothfo a wotu kɔtraa Spain ne Italy nyinaa de ne nkyerɛase no dii dwuma” no. Nokwarem no, sɛ yegyina asinasin dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ no so a, ɛda adi sɛ wɔyɛɛ Goth kasa mu Bible yi pii. Ɛda adi sɛ wɔkyerɛw kyerɛwtohɔ no mu pii wɔ Ravenna ne Verona nkurow mu, mmeae a Gothfo hyehyɛɛ wɔn ahemman no, nkyerɛwee adan no mu. Nkyerɛwee adan a ɛwɔ nkokorafie mu yɛ mmeae a wɔde nsa kyerɛw nhoma na wɔhwɛ so kyerɛw foforo.
Goth ahemman no baa awiei wɔ bɛyɛ 555 Y.B. mu, bere a Byzantine ɔhempɔn Justinian I san kodii Italy so no. Bere a woguu wɔn man no akyi no, Tönnes Kleberg ka sɛ “Goth kasa ne amanne yerae wɔ Italy, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu anaa wɔbɛte ho mpopoe bi mpo. Ná obiara ani nnye Goth nkyerɛwee no ho bio. . . . Wobuebuee mu popaa nkyerɛwee no nyinaa. Afei wɔkyerɛw nsɛm foforo guu nkrataa a ne bo yɛ den no so.”
Nkyerɛwee a Aka
Wɔantumi ampopa Goth nkyerɛwee no yiye wɔ saa nkrataa yi bi mu, na wotumi hu nkyerɛwee dedaw no kakra. Wɔahu saa nkrataa a wɔapopa so asan akyerɛw so bio no mu pii, na wɔahwehwɛ mu. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, Codex Argenteus a agye din a Nsɛmpa anan no toatoa so sɛ Mateo, Yohane, Luka, ne Marko wom no nyɛɛ hwee.
Wosusuw sɛ wɔyɛɛ saa nhoma mmobɔwee fɛfɛ yi wɔ Ravenna kyerɛw dan mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so asia Y.B. mu mfiase hɔ. Wɔfrɛ no Codex Argenteus, a ne nkyerɛase ne “Silver Book” (Dwetɛ Nhoma), esiane sɛ wɔde adubiri a ne kɔla te sɛ dwetɛ na ɛkyerɛwee nti. Wɔahyɛ nhoma no nkratafa no ma ɛbere dum, na ebetumi aba sɛ wɔyɛ maa ɔdehye bi. Wɔde adubiri a ɛte sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ na akyerɛw nsensanee abiɛsa a edi kan wɔ Nsɛmpa no mu biara mu ne afã foforo bi mfiase. Wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛte sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ na akyerɛw Nsɛmpa no akyerɛwfo no din wɔ “nsensanee” anan a ntam atete pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛwɔ nkyerɛwee no ase no atifi wɔ Nsɛmpa no mu biara mu.
Goth Kasa Mu Bible a Wɔsan Kyerɛw Bio
Bere a woguu Goth man no, Codex Argenteus a ɛsom bo no yerae. Wɔanhu bio araa de kosii sɛ wokohui wɔ afeha a ɛto so 16 no mfinimfini wɔ Werden a ɛbɛn Cologne, Germany no nkokorafie mu.
Wɔ afe 1569 mu no, wotintim Awurade Mpaebɔ no wɔ Goth kasa mu de twee adwene sii Bible a woyi fii mu no so. Wotintim edin Codex Argenteus no nea edi kan wɔ 1597 mu. Efi Werden no, wɔde saa nkyerɛwee yi kɔɔ ɔhempɔn adwinne akorae wɔ Prague. Nanso, wɔ Mfe Aduasa Ko a ɛbaa awiei wɔ 1648 mu no akyi, Swedenfo a wodii nkonim no faa Codex Argenteus no ne akorade afoforo kɔe. Wɔde saa nhoma mmobɔwee yi asie faako fi 1669 mu wɔ Uppsala Sukuupɔn Nhoma Akorae wɔ Sweden.
Mfiase no na Codex Argenteus yɛ nkratafa 336, na emu 187 na ɛwɔ Uppsala. Wohuu kratafa foforo—Marko Asɛmpa no mu kratafa a etwa to—no wɔ 1970 mu wɔ Speyer, Germany.
Efi bere a wɔsan huu nhoma mmobɔwee no, nhomanimfo fii ase suaa nkyerɛwee no na ama wɔate Goth kasa a wɔnka bio no ase. Germanni nhomanimfo Wilhelm Streitber de nkyerɛwee dedaw a na ɛwɔ hɔ ne nea wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan akyerɛw bio no nyinaa dii dwuma tintimii wɔ 1908 mu, na ɔtoo din: “Die gotische Bibel” (Goth kasa mu Bible), na na Goth ne Hela kasa wɔ nkratafa no afã ne afã.
Nhomanimfo titiriw na saa Goth kasa mu Bible yi ho hia wɔn nnɛ. Nanso nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ wotintimii na wɔkyerɛɛ ho anisɔ wɔ Bible no nkyerɛase nna a edi kan no mu no di ɔpɛ a na Ulfilas wɔ, ne ne bo a na wasi sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ Onyankopɔn Asɛm no ase akɔ kasa a saa bere no na wɔka mu no ho adanse. Ohui nokwarem sɛ ɛdenam saa kwan yi nkutoo so na na Gothfo betumi ate Kristofo nkrasɛm no ase.
[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 9]
Uppsala University Library, Sweden na wɔmaa hokwan