Mfe Mmɔdenbɔ mu Ɔbrɛgu

“YƐN NNIPA A YƐDƆM AMANAMAN NKABOM NO ASI YƐN BO sɛ yebegye awo ntoatoaso ahorow a ebedi yɛn akyi no afi ɔko mu amanehunu a enni ano a ama adesamma adi awerɛhow mprenu wɔ yɛn nkwa nna mu no mu, na yɛsan hyɛ gyidi a wobenya wɔ hokwan titiriw a nnipa wɔ, nidi a nnipa wɔ ne bo a wɔsom, ne hokwan koro a mmarima ne mmea ne aman akɛse ne nketewa benya mu no mu den, . . .”—Amanaman Nkabom no mmara nhoma no nnianim asɛm.

OCTOBER 24, 1995, yɛ Amanaman Nkabom no afe a ɛto so 50. Aman 185 a wɔdɔm mprempren no nyinaa di ahyehyɛde no mfitiase nnyinasosɛm ne botae ahorow a wɔada no adi wɔ saa mmara nhoma no mu no so: wɔbɛhwɛ ma amanaman ntam asomdwoe ne ahotɔ atra hɔ; wɔbɛbrɛ ntua a ɛhaw wiase asomdwoe no ase; aman ntam abusuabɔ pa a wɔbɛhyɛ ho nkuran; ahofadi titiriw a nnipa nyinaa wɔ a wɔbɛbɔ ho ban a wonnyina abusua, bɔbeasu, kasa, anaa nyamesom so nyɛ nyiyim; na ama aman nyinaa ayɛ biako de adi sikasɛm, asetra mu nsɛm ne amammerɛ mu nsɛnnennen ahorow ho dwuma.

Amanaman Nkabom ahyehyɛde no de mfe 50 abɔ mmɔden kɛse sɛ ɛde wiase asomdwoe ne ahotɔ bɛba. Yebetumi aka sɛ ahwɛ ma wiase ko a ɛto so abiɛsa mmae, na wɔmfaa nuklea ɔtopae mmekunkum nnipa bebree bio. Amanaman Nkabom no de aduan ne nnuru ama mmofra ɔpepem pii. Aboa ma aman pii akwahosan ho gyinapɛn atu mpɔn, na ɛde nneɛma foforo pii te sɛ nsu pa a wobenya anom ne nnuru a wɔsesa de siw nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu ano ama. Aguanfo ɔpepem pii anya mmoa a wohia.

Wɔama Amanaman Nkabom no Nobel Asomdwoe Akyɛde no mpɛn anum de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu nneɛma a ayɛ no. Nanso, asetra mu nokwasɛm a wodi ho abooboo ne sɛ yɛda so ara te wiase bi a akodi wom mu.

Asomdwoe ne Ahotɔ—Botae a Wonnuu Ho

Wɔ mfe 50 mmɔdenbɔ akyi no, asomdwoe ne ahotɔ da so ara yɛ botae a wonnuu ho. Wɔ ɔkasa bi a United States mampanyin mae wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no Nhyiam Kɛse bi a wɔyɛɛ no nnansa yi ase mu no, ɔnam ka a ɔkae sɛ “afeha yi a anidaso ne hokwan ahorow ne mpɔntu ahyɛ mu ma no ayɛ bere a ɔsɛe ne abasamtu kɛse wom nso” no so daa n’abaw mu a abu adi.

Bere a 1994 baa awiei no, The New York Times kae sɛ: “Akodi akɛse anaa nketewa bɛyɛ 150 na ɛrekɔ so a ɛrekunkum nnipa mpempem—akontaabu dodow no ara kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔnyɛ asraafo rewuwu kɛse sen asraafo—na ɔpehaha pii reyɛ aguanfo.” Amanaman Nkabom no Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Ɔmanfo Amanneɛbɔ So bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ efi 1945 no, nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 20 na wɔahwere wɔn nkwa wɔ akodi mu. Madeleine Albright, U.S. nanmusifo a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom mu no, kae sɛ, “amanko reyɛ hu kɛse wɔ akwan pii so seesei.” Wɔka hokwan a nnipa wɔ a wɔresɛe no ne nnipa mu nyiyim ho asɛm da biara da. Ɛte sɛ nea aman pii renya koma ama wɔn ho wɔn ho sen sɛ wɔbɛfa wɔn ho wɔn ho nnamfo.

Owura David Hannay, Britain nanmusifo a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom mu no, kae sɛ, “ɛde besi 1980 mfe no mu no, na ɛte sɛ nea Amanaman Nkabom no reyɛ adi nkogu koraa.” Amanaman Nkabom no kyerɛwfo panyin Boutros Boutros-Ghali, dii abooboo sɛ sɛ wɔredi asomdwoe ahobammɔ ho dwuma a, Aman a wɔdɔm no mu bebree yɛ anibiannaso na wɔda ɔbrɛ su adi. Ɔde baa awiei sɛ wɔn a wɔdɔm no bebree mmu “Amanaman Nkabom no sɛ ahiade titiriw.”

Nsɛm Ho Amanneɛbɔ Nkɛntɛnso

Ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛte sɛ nea Amanaman Nkabom no wɔ tumi no, amammuisɛm ne nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ ma ne mmɔdenbɔ yɛ ɔkwa mpɛn pii. Sɛ wɔn a wɔdɔm Amanaman Nkabom no ammoa a, enni tumi biara. Nanso sɛ ɔmanfo ankyerɛ Amanaman Nkabom no ho anisɔ a, emufo no pii remmoa no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea The Wall Street Journal kyerɛ no, “nkogu a ɛyɛ hu a wɔadi wɔ Somalia ne Bosnia no ama Amerikafo pii ahu sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ ahyehyɛde no a wɔbɛdɔm no yɛ bere sɛe nko, na mmom ɛyɛ hu ankasa nso.” Saa ɔmanfo nneyɛe yi ama Amerika amanyɔfo bi asusuw akyerɛ sɛ U.S. ntew sika fam mmoa a ɛde ma Amanaman Nkabom no so.

Nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ ahyehyɛde ahorow no mfɛre sɛ wɔbɛkasa atia Amanaman Nkabom no denneennen. Sɛ wɔreka Amanaman Nkabom no dwumadi ahorow ho asɛm a wɔde nsɛm te sɛ “fata a ɛmfata koraa,” “adesoa,” “ɛyɛ mmerɛw,” ne “entumi nyɛ hwee” adi dwuma pefee. The Washington Post National Weekly Edition kae nnansa yi sɛ, “Amanaman Nkabom no da so yɛ sodikuw bi a ɛyɛ nyaa a ɛrepere sɛ ɛbɛsakra ne nsɛm tebea ma ɛne wiase no de ahyia ankasa.”

Atesɛm krataa bi kaa Ɔkyerɛwfo Panyin Boutros Boutros-Ghali abasamtu wɔ Rwanda okunkɛse no ho asɛm. Ɔkae sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ Amanaman Nkabom no nkutoo na adi nkogu; ɛyɛ nkogudi ma amanaman nyinaa. Na saa nkogudi yi ho asodi da yɛn nyinaa so.” Wɔ 1993 mu no, television so asɛm titiriw bi a agye din kae sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no “adi nkogu sɛ ebesiw asomdwoe ho asiane titiriw bi ano—nuklea akode trɛw.” TV so dwumadi no kaa Amanaman Nkabom ho asɛm sɛ “ɛde mfe du du pii adi anosɛm nkutoo.”

Saa huammɔdi yi a ɛda adi wɔ baabiara yi haw Amanaman Nkabom mpanyimfo no yiye na ɛma wɔn abasamtu no yɛ kɛse. Nanso, ɛmfa ho abasamtu ahorow no, wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no afe a ɛto so 50 di ase no, ɛte sɛ nea nnipa pii anya anidaso foforo na wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wobefi biribiara ase foforo. Ɛwom sɛ na Ɔnanmusifo Albright gye Amanaman Nkabom no sintɔ ahorow tom de, nanso ɔdaa nkate a nnipa dodow no ara wɔ adi bere a ɔkae sɛ: “Ɛsɛ sɛ yegyae baabi a yɛadu ho asɛnka, ehia sɛ yɛka baabi a yɛrekɔ ho asɛm.”

Yiw, ɛhe na wiase no rekɔ? Wiase bi a akodi nnim bɛba da bi? Sɛ saa a, dwuma bɛn na Amanaman Nkabom no bedi wom? Bio nso, sɛ woyɛ obi a wusuro Onyankopɔn a, ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa sɛ, ‘Dwuma bɛn na Onyankopɔn bedi wom?’

[Kratafa 4 adaka]

MMƆDENBƆ MU ƆBRƐGU

Bere tenten a ɔko, ohia, nsɛmmɔnedi, ne ɔporɔw wɔ hɔ no, asomdwoe ne ahotɔ rentumi mma. Amanaman Nkabom no de akontaabu a edi so yi too gua nnansa yi.

Akodi: “Ako 82 a wodii wɔ 1989 ne 1992 ntam no mu 79 na na ɛyɛ amanko, na emu pii kɔɔ so wɔ mmusua ntam; wɔn a wowuwui no ɔha biara mu 90 na na wɔnyɛ asraafo.”—Amanaman Nkabom no Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Ɔmanfo Amanneɛbɔ So (UNDPI)

Akode: “ICRC [Red Cross Amanaman Ntam Boayikuw] no bu akontaa sɛ mfiridwumayɛfo 95 a wɔwɔ aman 48 mu reyɛ ɔtopae a wɔde hyɛ fam ɔpepem 5 kosi ɔpepem 10 afe biara a wɔde ko tia asraafo.”—Amanaman Nkabom no Soafo Panyin a Ɔhwɛ Aguanfo Nsɛm So (UNHCR)

“Bɛyɛ ɔtopae a wɔde hyɛ fam ɔpepem 30 na wɔde apete aman 18 mu wɔ Afrika.”—UNHCR

Ohia: “Wɔ wiase nyinaa no, nnipa baanum biara mu biako—sɛ wɔka wɔn nyinaa bom a, bɛboro nnipa ɔpepepem biako—na wodi hia buruburoo, na wobu akontaa sɛ ɔhaw a ohia de ba no kunkum nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 13 kosi 18.”—UNDPI

Nsɛmmɔnedi: “Efi 1980 mfe no reba no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nsɛmmɔnedi anya nkɔanim ɔha biara mu nkyem 5 afe biara; wɔ U.S.A. nkutoo no, wodi nsɛmmɔne ahorow ɔpepem 35 afe biara.”—UNDPI

Ɔporɔw: “Ɔporɔw rebu so wɔ ɔmanfo mu. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobu akontaa sɛ sikasɛm mu amimdi ma wɔhwere sika a wonya fi nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔman no mu afe biara no mu bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 10.”—UNDPI